ST Engineering
Singapore Technologies Engineering (Chinese: 新加坡科技工程有限公司; pinyin: Xīnjiāpō kējì gōngchéng yǒuxiàn gōngsī; Wade–Giles: Hsin-chia-p'o K'o-chi Kung-ch'eng u-hsien Kung-ssu) or ST Engineering, ST Eng. (Chinese: 新科工程; pinyin: Xīnkē gōngchéng; Wade–Giles: Hsin-k'o Kung-ch'eng) is a global technology, defence and engineering group with a diverse portfolio of businesses across the aerospace, smart city, defence and public security segments. Headquartered in Singapore, the group reported a revenue of over S$11 billion in 2024 and ranks among the largest companies listed on the Singapore Exchange. It is a component stock of MSCI Singapore, FTSE Straits Times Index and Dow Jones Best-in-Class Asia Pacific Index.[1] The Group harnesses technology and innovation to solve real-world problems, enabling a more secure and sustainable world. It leverages synergies across the group and strategic partnerships externally to accelerate innovation, its strategic AI pillars, and its core technological and engineering capabilities.[2] ST Engineering has more than 27,000 employees with diverse background and skills, including over 19,000 engineering and technical talents.[3] HistoryST Engineering's history stemmed from the foundations of the Singapore defence industry, with the earliest roots being the Chartered Industries of Singapore in 1967. It shares the history of the few major defence related entities that made up its operational divisions. These notable companies were held under Sheng-Li Holding Company Private Limited (traditional Chinese: 勝利控股公司; simplified Chinese: 胜利控股公司; pinyin: Shènglì kònggǔ gōngsī; Wade–Giles: Shêng-lì K'òng-kǔ K'ung-sī), which was formed on 3 January 1974 to serve as the holding entity for eight defence-related companies of significant interest to MINDEF through a share exchange with the Minister for Finance (Incorporated).[4][5] The name was a direct phonic adaption of the Chinese word "胜利" (traditional Chinese: 勝利; simplified Chinese: 胜利; pinyin: Shènglì; Wade–Giles: Shêng-lì), which translates as "victory". [6] The Singapore Technology Corporation (STC), established in 1983, briefly served as a holding company to consolidate the manufacturing and service capabilities of the ordnance-related companies, with the exception of Bofors-linked joint venture Allied Ordnance Company of Singapore (AOS), which later became a subsidiary of CIS in 1988.[4][6] Sheng-Li Holding Company was later succeeded as the Singapore Technologies Holdings (Sing Technology, or ST) on 11 May 1990, through a series of restructure and re-consolidation following the unveil of the new identity and iconic sunburst corporate logo on 19 April 1989. [7][8][9] The following companies were instrumental in the foundation of ST Engineering. Chartered Industries of Singapore (CIS)The Chartered Industries of Singapore (CIS) was established in 1967 as a munitions manufacturer to address the defence equipment needs of newly independent Singapore. The company’s first facility, located in the swampy Jurong region, began operations as a modest ammunition plant, which later evolved into the Singapore Mint. Initially, CIS produced 5.56mm caliber ammunition for the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF), while simultaneously minting circulation coins for the Board of Commissioners of Currency of Singapore (BCCS). Both operations shared a workshop that supported both military and civilian markets.[10] In its early years, CIS focused on licensed manufacturing and subcontracted work for foreign ordnance producers. During this period, the company’s engineers and technicians gained valuable knowledge and expertise in the development and production of munitions across various calibers.[4] By 1996, CIS, through its subsidiaries, had expanded its operations to produce a wide range of ordnance for the SAF and international export. Notable subsidiaries included:
In 1973, CIS formed Allied Ordnance of Singapore (AOS) in partnership with Sweden's Bofors to manufacture quick-firing anti-aircraft (40mm) and naval (57mm) guns, along with their ammunition and fuzes. After Bofors withdrew from the venture in 1988, AOS became a wholly owned subsidiary of CIS. [4] Singapore Automotive Engineering (SAE, later ST Automotive)Singapore Automotive Engineering (SAE) was incorporated in 1971 in one of the SAF’s vehicle maintenance base at Ayer Rajah, meant to support automotive-related services for the SAF. It's first immediate task was to service and maintain a fleet of V200 Armoured Personnel Carriers, as well as the repair and overhaul of the fleet of Bedford trucks inherited from the British military forces in 1972.[4][11] By 1982, leveraging its growing expertise in automotive servicing and quality standards, and amid Singapore’s rapidly developing economy, Singapore Automotive Engineering (SAE) identified opportunities in the commercial sector. This led to the establishment of the SAE Inspection Centre, which provided vehicle inspection and servicing services to both military and civilian customers.[12] In 1983, SAE expanded further into the transport sector with the formation of Singapore Commuter, a taxi service operator. In April 1995, Singapore Commuter was merged with Singapore Airport Services Ltd (SABS Taxi Ltd) and Singapore Bus Service Taxi Pte Ltd (SBS Taxi Pte Ltd) to form CityCab.[13] In the defence sector, ST Auto was widely known for its expertise in military vehicle upgrades, such as the AMX-13-SM1 Light Tanks in both Singapore and overseas, and refurbishments the M113 APC in 1993 for the Singapore Armed Forces. [14][15] Singapore Automotive Engineering make its initial public offering on the Singapore Stock Exchange on 27 August 1991, offering 30 million shares at an issue price of S$1.20. [16] In 1992, it obtained exclusive rights to distribute German Opel cars in partnership with American car maker General Motors. [17] On 29 December 1994, Singapore Automotive Engineering was renamed Singapore Technologies Automotive Ltd (or ST Automotive, or ST Auto), along with announced name changes of the other three main subsidiaries under the Singapore Technologies group. [7] The change came in response to calls for enhancing global recognition of the 'Singapore Technologies' identity as the group expanded overseas, following the transfer of the Singapore Technologies Group to Temasek Holdings earlier that year.[18] In end-1995, STA Detroit Diesel-Allison was formed to take on the maintenance of the Detroit diesel engines and Allison transmission used in the Bionix as well as to distribute the Detroit Diesel parts in the Asian region.[19][20] Singapore Electronic & Engineering Limited (SEEL, later ST Electronics & Engineering)Singapore Electronic & Engineering Limited (SEEL) was established in 1969, following the withdrawal of the British Royal Navy from Singapore and the acquisition of Her Majesty’s Sembawang Dockyards by Swan Hunter. SEEL assumed control of fixed assets, weapons, and fully operational electronics workshops previously used by the Royal Navy. It also inherited a skilled workforce, including weapons maintenance experts, seconded civilians, and Royal Navy personnel. The workshops were initially managed by Philips Australia.[4] SEEL continued to provide maintenance services for the Royal Navy Fleet and, subsequently, for United States military forces deployed in Vietnam, as well as the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF). To adapt to the reduced demand following the Royal Navy’s departure and the slow uptake of US Navy contracts, SEEL established an aviation electronics service wing alongside its general engineering operations. This diversification enabled the company to serve a wider range of clients, including private, charter, and military operators. Despite this expansion, SEEL struggled to generate significant profits during its early years.[4] By 1974, financial difficulties led to staff retrenchments and the sale of some assets. In an effort to remain viable, SEEL briefly diversified into the distribution and maintenance of commercial electronic products, laying the groundwork for its future system integration capabilities. A Systems Division was subsequently established within the Engineering Department, along with an Aircraft Electrical Overhaul Shop at Seletar Air Base. By 1977, SEEL had returned to profitability. Due to its extensive aviation-related capabilities, SEEL was placed under the Singapore Aircraft Industries (SAI) in 1980 prior to it's listing in July 1991. [4] [21] SEEL ventured into commercial ventures beginning from the 1970s. In September 1978, SEEL won the contract to do the Building Automation System for Changi International Airport Terminal 1 with ITT Regelungstechnik, a West German subsidary of US company ITT.[22][23] In 1982, it secured the contract through a Singapore-German joint venture Systems Union Pte Ltd, to supply new control and automation systems for the second 3.35km runway of Changi International Airport. [24] It went on to secure contracts for integrated communication and control systems for local and overseas metro projects, including the Singapore MRT in 1992 and the Taipei Metro in 1993. [25][26] In the defence industry, SEEL was awarded contracts by MINDEF for the outsourced operations of the Electronic Supply and Maintenance Base in 1981 and the Central Missile Supply Base in 1983. [4] SEEL’s Aviation Division was integrated with SAMCO’s aircraft component repair facility in August 1982 to form Singapore Aero-Components Overhaul (SACO). [27][28] SEEL would focus on landbased electronics systems while under the parent holding company SAI. [4][29] In 1986, a joint venture, Singapore Engineering Software (SES), was established between SEEL and the Swedish company Ericsson Radio Systems AB. The purpose of the venture was to enhance engineering capabilities, particularly in software development for real-time command and control. Over time, it was expected to provide SEEL with access to Ericsson’s global market reach.[4] On 29 December 1994, Singapore Electronic & Engineering Limited was renamed Singapore Technologies Electronics & Engineering Ltd (or ST Electronics & Engineering, or ST E&E), along with announced name changes of the other three main subsidiaries under the Singapore Technologies group. [7] Singapore Shipbuilding and Engineering (SSE, later ST Shipbuilding & Engineering)Singapore Shipbuilding & Engineering (SSE) was established in May 1968 as a private company with the Singaporean government holding a minority stake. Initially, SSE focused on constructing vessels for the Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN) as well as commercial operators.[4] In its early years, the company faced financial difficulties. Although the RSN had ordered several logistics vessels, funding priorities shifted towards the expansion of the Singapore Air Defence Command, and the RSN had no further significant work for SSE. This led to a decline in business, compounded by ongoing management-labor issues. By 1978, SSE experienced a significant setback after underbidding a contract for a series of 10 cargo container vessels for a consortium of European owners. As a result, the company faced the possibility of loan defaults.[4] To avert collapse, Sheng-Li Group, a company within the same corporate group, injected fresh capital into SSE. During this period, key personnel from the RSN, joined SSE to lead the company through its turnaround. Their efforts resulted in a remarkable recovery within a single year.[4] Following the restructuring, SSE began to focus more aggressively on the commercial market, offering proprietary vessel designs. The company invested in building a skilled team of engineers and introduced a variable bonus scheme to boost productivity and employee engagement. By 1981, SSE secured a major contract to build three 120-meter cargo container vessels for Hellenic Lines, a Greek shipping company. [30][31] The successful delivery of these vessels ahead of schedule marked a significant achievement for the company.[4][32] SSE was also a pioneer in adopting new technologies, becoming the first shipyard in Asia to acquire a CAD/CAM system. In the latter half of the 1980s, the company continued to innovate, producing advanced vessels such as the Tiger 40 Hovercraft, the first of its kind to be built in Singapore.[4][33][34][35] In 1991, SSE achieved global recognition by earning the ISO 9001 Certification from Lloyd’s Register Quality Assurance (UK) Ltd (LRQA), making it the first shipyard outside of Western Europe to receive this prestigious certification.[4][36][37] While the shipyard initially focused on naval and paramilitary craft for both Singapore and international clients, it also expanded into the civilian sector. By 1996, 45% of SSE's revenue came from military contracts, with the remainder derived from commercial projects. These included the conversion of seismic vessels, the refurbishment of luxury yachts, the design and installation of firefighting systems on supply ships, and the repair of chemical tankers and dredges.[38] On 29 December 1994, Singapore Shipbuilding and Engineering was renamed Singapore Technologies Shipbuilding and Engineering Ltd (or ST Shipbuilding), along with announced name changes of the other three main subsidiaries under the Singapore Technologies group. [7][39] Singapore Aerospace (later ST Aerospace)Singapore Aerospace's roots traces back to Singapore Aerospace Maintenance Company (SAMCO), formed in 1975 to take over the maintenance and support services to the Singapore Air Defence Command. [40] SAMCO was incorporated in the background of a downsized Lockheed presence as the United States pulled out from the Vietnam War, and to leverage on the potential in the regional aerospace industry as a commercial service provider. SAMCO officially began operations at the hangar facilities in Seletar West Camp on 1 April 1976. [41] SAMCO, with an initial capital of $3 million in capital, build its initial capabilities with key technicians and engineers hired from Lockheed Aircraft Services. [4] A joint venture, Singapore Aero-Engine Overhaul Limited (SAEOL), was also formed with the Singapore Airlines in 1977 through Sheng-Li Holdings, to overhaul aircraft engines of SIA and the Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF). This built on the capabilities of The Singapore Airlines Engine Overhaul Base, which was launched in 1974 to provide engine maintenance services for the flag carrier's airliner fleet.[4][42] In 1977, SAMAERO Co Pte Ltd was formed as a joint venture between Societe Nationale Industrielle Aerospatiale (SNIAS) of France and SAMCO. [43] SAMAERO’s job was to sell spare parts and tools for helicopters as well as support SNIAS products and the distribution of the Super Puma and Ecurueil helicopters.[44][45] SAMAERO was renamed Eurocopter South East Asia (ESEA) in 2000.[4] In 1980, Singapore Aerospace Industries (SAI), a holding company, was formed to assume the role of a holding company for aerospace-related subsidiaries of Sheng-Li Holdings.This included Singapore Aero-Components Overhaul (SACO), SAMCO, SAMAERO and Singapore Aero Engine Overhaul Limited (SAEOL). Because of its aviation capabilities, Singapore Electronic & Engineering Limited was placed as a subsidiary under Singapore Aircraft Industries (SAI). [4] In mid-1982, to rationalise the defence industries, SEEL’s Aviation Division was integrated with SAMCO’s aircraft component repair business into a new company, Singapore Aero-Components Overhaul (SACO) under SAI. [27][28] In 1985, Singapore Airlines sold its holdings, bringing SAEOL fully owned by SAI. [46] Singapore Aerospace Industries was listed as Singapore Aerospace in 1990.[47][48] It went commercial the same year with the formation of ST Aviation Services Company (SASCO) as a local commercial aircraft maintenance subsidiary in collaboration with SIA and Japan Air Lines. It was also the first commercial air frame manufacturing, repair and overhaul facilities of Singapore Aerospace in Singapore. [49][50] SASCO ventured overseas to set up ST Mobile Aerospace Engineering in Alabama, USA, which carried out heavy maintenance work and converted passenger planes into freighters. [4][51] In the 1990’s, most of ST Aero’s profit and sales growth heavily relied on on commercial aircraft contracts. A weakened US dollar and a world-wide glut in aircraft maintenance facilities hit the aerospace arm. In the first half of 1995, SASCO reported a loss of at least $17 million.[52] In 1996, SASCO's commercial sector increased turnover by 24%, while its military sector managed a marginal growth of 2%.[51] Singapore Aerospace attained GMP Part 1 certification in 1991. [36] On 29 December 1994, Singapore Aerospace was renamed Singapore Technologies Aerospace Ltd (or ST Aerospace), along with announced name changes of the other three main subsidiaries under the Singapore Technologies group. [7] The main subsidiaries would later be renamed ST Aerospace Systems (STA Systems), ST Aerospace Engineering (STA Engineering), ST Aerospace Engines (STA Engines) and ST Aerospace Supplies (STA Supplies). [4] Formation of ST Engineering GroupOn 28 August 1997, Singapore Technologies Engineering Ltd, a single public-listed holding entity created through the merger of Singapore Technologies Aerospace Ltd, Singapore Technologies Automotive Ltd, Singapore Technologies Shipbuilding & Engineering Ltd, and ST Electronic & Engineering Ltd was announced.[53] The amalgamation would be carried out through exchange of shares under Section 210 of the 1967 Companies Act of Singapore, where existing ordinary shares of the four respective companies were cancelled in exchange for fully paid-up ordinary shares to be issued by ST Engineering in the following rates, and any new ordinary shares to be issued under ST Engineering. [54][55]
In tandem was the announcement of the lifting of limit on foreign ownership on its shares. [55] Singapore Technologies Pte Ltd, representing the Singapore Technologies group of companies, would hold 65.9 per cent of the issued share capital of the newly formed ST Engineering Ltd (including a direct interest of 53.2 per cent.).[54] ST Engineering's shares debuted on the Stock Exchange of Singapore on 8 December 1997, at the time becoming the largest industrial company to be listed on the main board. [56][57][55] The integration of capabilities from the constituent companies enables ST Engineering to be in a better position financially in capacity to undertake more major and complex projects and provide integrated solutions, including consolidation of component purchases in larger scales. It also allow the group to avoid duplication of efforts in building up capabilities that straddle more than one specialised business area. [4] In October 2004, ST Engineering's assets were transferred under Temasek Holdings, along with all companies under the parent holding company Singapore Technologies Pte Ltd, as part of a major restructuring exercise that saw the dissolution of Singapore Technologies Pte Ltd. The move would bring about S$20 million of cost savings to Temasek Holdings, by lower the cost of debt, and provide direct visibility over the listed companies previously held by Singapore Technologies Pte Ltd as an intermediate holding company. [58][59] The restructuring of STPL was declared completed on 31 December 2024, with all shareholdings in the listed and unlisted companies and other assets previously held by STPL fully transferred to Temasek Holdings. [60] Since then, ST Engineering has grown to become one of Asia's largest defence and engineering groups for commercial and defence organisations across multiple industries.[61] In Mar 2007, ST Engineering was ranked 19th in the aerospace & defence industry and 1,661th of 2,000 of the world's largest public companies by Forbes.[62] Merger of CIS and ST Automotive (ST Kinetics)In October 1999, ST Engineering acquired CIS at S$78 M.[63] ST Auto and CIS were merged in Feb 2000 to form ST Kinetics.[64] The following year, ST Kinetics reorganised itself into 3 divisions, namely Automotive; Munitions and Weapons; and Services, Trading and Others.[65] A series of flagship products were developed by the early 21st century, including the SAR21 assault rifle, the Primus 155mm self-propelled artillery gun, the Pegasus 155 mm lightweight howitzer, the Bronco All-Terrain Tracked Carrier and the Terrex 8×8 Armoured Personnel Carrier. VT Systems was established in 2000 for commercial and defence solutions in the US market, and in 2002 acquired VT Halter Marine to make possible the construction of ships in the US in compliance to the Jones Act requirement of indigenous construction and crewing of commercial ships plying between between US ports.[4] ST Kinetics went on to invest in several companies overseas to enhance its engineering capabilities. An example was the acquisition of Silvatech Industries Inc in July 2006, a Canadian company specialising in forestry equipment, and renaming it as Kinetics Drive Solutions (KDS) in August 2006[66] to focus on the Infinitely Variable Transmissions (IVT) that Silvatech had developed for its forestry equipment. 2003 was the year ST Kinetics decided to venture into the new commercial vehicles business to leverage on the engineering and fabrication capabilities it has acquired through the military vehicle projects. That year, ST Kinetics went into an equal-share joint venture with Beijing Heavy Duty Truck Plant (BHDTP) to form the Beijing Zhonghuan Kinetics Heavy Vehicles Co. Ltd (BZK).[67] In 2005, ST Kinetics acquired Specialized Vehicles Corporation in U.S. along with its Hackney and Kidron brands, 2 market leaders in the U.S. beverage truck bodies business.[68] In the same year, ST Kinetics signed a 60–40 joint venture with Guiyang City Industrial Investment Holding Corporation (GIIHC) to form Guizhou Jonyang Kinetics Co., Ltd. (GJK) that manufactures excavators,[68] and set up STAR Guangzhou and STAR Hangzhou. In June 2006, ST Kinetics wholly acquired Leeboy through ST Engineering's U.S. subsidiary, VT Systems. Leeboy is a U.S. industry leader in commercial class asphalt pavers.[69] In 2012, ST Kinetics reorganised itself into 2 business groups. The Defence Business Group handles all military business and the Commercial Business Group manages the commercial businesses.[70] On 5 March 2012, ST Kinetics is one of 6 companies that were blacklisted by India's Ministry of Defence for 10 years.[71][72] The company was issued a show cause notice before it was blacklisted.[73] On 25 May 2012, ST Kinetics filed a writ petition in the High Court of Delhi against the Indian Ministry of Defence (MoD) and the Indian Ordnance Factory Board (OFB), challenging the debarment order.[74][75] In February 2013, ST Kinetics appointed Tata International as its distributor in Africa, thus expanding its distribution and customer support network for both its LeeBoy and TRXBUILD brands in 13 other countries.[76] In the same year, ST Kinetics established 2 new overseas subsidiaries in Brazil and Myanmar. In July, the company acquired Technicae Projetos e Servicos Automotivos for BRL1.04 million. This acquisition will expand the company's reach into Brazil's growing defence business.[77] Established in November 2013, the wholly owned subsidiary, Kinetics Automotive & Specialty Equipment Co., Ltd (KASE) was set up in Yangon, Myanmar. This Myanmar subsidiary will serve as a platform to introduce and support ST Kinetics' automotive and specialty vehicles products and services in Myanmar's burgeoning economy, as part of its plan to grow its commercial business in the country.[78] Consolidation of ST Engineering brandIn 2018, the ST Engineering Group harmonised all brands of its divisions by using "ST Engineering" as a Masterbrand.[79] Through the re-branding, ST Aerospace was renamed ST Engineering Aerospace, ST Electronics as ST Engineering Electronics, ST Kinetics as ST Engineering Land Systems, and ST Marine as ST Engineering Marine.[80][81] On 1 January 2021, ST Engineering was reorganised Commercial, and defence & Public Security clusters, replacing the previous sector-based structure of Aerospace, Electronics, Land Systems, and Marine. The Commercial cluster would focus on commercial businesses such as Commercial Aerospace, Urban Solutions and Satellite Communications, while the defence & Public Security cluster would focus on defence businesses such as Digital Systems and Cyber, Land Systems, Marine and defence Aerospace. As a result, the Group’s financial reporting was realigned to reflect these new operating segments, with the changes incorporated into its financial results for the first half of the year, ending 30 June 2021. [82] Areas of businessST Engineering has a diverse portfolio of businesses and a global network of subsidiaries and associated companies across Asia, Europe, the Middle East and the U.S.[83] Its Commercial Aerospace arm is the world’s largest third-party airframe MRO solution provider and a Premier MRO for CFM LEAP engines.[84] The businesses support aircraft operations and OEM partners with aviation lifecycle solutions or holistic offerings for practically every stage of an aircraft's lifecycle.[85] In 2024, its Urban Solutions business was awarded a S$60m contract to design, build and operate a state-of-the-art smart city platform with citywide network connectivity for Lusail City, Qatar. Powered by AI, machine learning and data analytics, ST Engineering Urban Solution’s Agil Smart City Operating System will serve as the digital backbone of Lusail.[86] ST Engineering is a major player in the defence and military industries. It was ranked Number 58 in the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute's list of the world's top 100 defence manufacturers in 2023.[87] Outside of Singapore, it has sold defence products to over 100 countries,[88] including United States, United Kingdom, Indonesia, Philippines, United Arab Emirates, Brazil, Sweden, India, Thailand and Finland.[89] ST Engineering do not design, produce or sell anti-personnel mines, cluster munitions, white phosphorus munitions and its related key components.[90] On December 12, 2024, ST Engineering signed a strategic agreement with Kazakhstan Paramount Engineering to set up in-country production capability for a new 8x8 armored vehicle.[91] ST Engineering expanded to the United States in 2001, locating its U.S. headquarters in Herndon, Virginia. It now operates in 52 cities across 21 states.[92] It was known as VT Systems (VTS; formerly known as Vision Technologies Systems) until 1 July 2019, when VTS was changed to ST Engineering North America as part of the Group’s brand harmonization exercise in 2018.[93] Core capabilitiesST Engineering's businesses span across the aerospace, smart city, defence and public security sectors. AerospaceST Engineering's Commercial Aerospace business provides aircraft design and engineering, original equipment manufacturing, nose-to-tail aftermarket and maintenance services as well as assets management and leasing. And also passenger-to-freighter conversion or refurbishment. It has international offices and facilities located at aviation hubs in Asia-Pacific, Europe and the United States. ST Engineering's Aerospace arm provides aviation asset management [94] to commercial airlines, airfreight operators [95] and military operators.[96] It is the world's largest airframe maintenance, repair, and operations (MRO) company, and one of the few with in-house engineering design and development capabilities.[97] On top of MRO capabilities,[98] ST Engineering also has expertise as an OEM specialising in engine nacelle [99] and composite panels. It is the only company in the world offering Airbus freighter conversions [100] using OEM data. ST Engineering is a major investor in Skyports to provide drone services for Singapore’s Public Utilities Board.[101] In 2021, ST Engineering Aerospace reportedly employs more than 8,500 certified engineers and administrative specialists around the world and has a global customer base that includes major airlines and freight carriers. Aviation Week ranked the aerospace company as the world's largest, independent, third party airframe MRO provider with an annual capacity of more than 13 million commercial airframe man-hours in 2018.[102] Smart CityST Engineering's capabilities for Smart City addresses the connectivity,[103] mobility,[104] security,[105] infrastructure [106] and environmental [107] needs of cities. Its products span over rail and road, autonomous and electric vehicles, mobility payment systems, building access and security systems, as well as IoT products for lighting, water and energy management.[108] In March 2022, ST Engineering completed its acquisition of Transcore to enhance its Smart City products through TransCore’s tolling and congestion pricing businesses.[109] Defence & Public SecurityST Engineering's defence business provides integrated defence technologies and critical systems spanning the digital,[110] air,[111] land [112] and sea [113] domains. It has over four decades of activity in the development of military technology, from aircraft and avionics upgrades, to designing and building battlefield mobility platforms, soldier systems, ammunition and naval vessels. Its capabilities in Public Security cover critical infrastructure,[114] intelligence operations,[115] homeland security applications [116] and maritime system,[117] which have been implemented in more than 100 cities worldwide. Commercial equipmentST Kinetics started on the commercial vehicle business in 2004 and has yet to establish a presence in the global marketplace even though its subsidiaries are well-established brands within their respective countries.[citation needed] In 2008, ST Kinetics began to market selected commercial vehicles and the hybrid drive solutions as ecological products.[citation needed] Construction vehiclesST Kinetics' BZK JV in China produces fixed and articulated off-road dumptrucks ranging from 20 to 52 ton. BZK also produces complementary products like cement carriers and mixers and terminal port tractors for container ports operation. Jonyang excavators has been in operation in China and surrounding regions over 30 years, and manufactured both wheeled and tracked hydraulic excavators. LeeBoy has been a leading producer of commercial asphalt pavers and motor-graders since 1964 in the U.S.[citation needed] Distribution vehiclesHackney and Kidron are aluminium and refrigerated truck bodies manufacturers respectively in the U.S. Hackney beverage trucks has been marketing its optimised compartmentalisation and light-weight aluminium bodies as means to lower lifecycle costs to the operators. Kidron has pioneered multi-temperature distribution with its Adjustable Compartmentalised Multi-temperature System (ACMT) of movable partitions. The ACMT allows configuration of loads requiring different temperature and compartment sizes.[citation needed] Urban and emergency vehiclesHackney Emergency also designs emergency vehicles for the U.S. markets such as firetrucks and HAZMAT vehicles. ST Kinetics itself also produces a series of urban vehicles, such as ambulances, HAZMAT vehicles, fire engines, terminal prime movers for local use, mostly for local use by the Singapore Civil Defence Force and the Singapore Police Force.[citation needed] In addition, ST Kinetics is the sole importer and distributor of MAN Truck & Bus vehicles within Singapore.[118] Automotive servicesThe automotive services have continued since the SAE days to become the Total Support & Services arm of the present day ST Kinetics. ST Kinetics continue to provide MRO services to military, commercial and general customers.[citation needed] MRO services for military vehiclesAs part of the integrated logistics support system for the major platforms, ST Kinetics has established the MRO services under its Kinetics Integrated Services (KIS) arm. KIS also provides maintenance of the existing SAF fleet of MAN trucks.[citation needed] Component servicingSDDA is both Detroit Diesel and Allison transmission's Asia distribution centre as well as a service hub for the overhaul of automotive engines, Allison transmissions and fuel injection pumps, and the servicing of electrical, electronic, hydraulic & mechanical components.[citation needed] Notable ProductsAerospace ProjectsDuring the 1980s, ST Engineering Aerospace commenced work on a major upgrade programme on the Douglas A-4S Skyhawk attack aircraft then in service with the Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF). Referred to as the A-4SU Super Skyhawk, the modification package involved replacing the original Wright J65 turbojet engine with a non-afterburning model of the newer General Electric F404-GE-100D turbofan engine, along with a complete modernisation of the avionics suite and additional equipment being installed, including a Pave Penny laser seeker, an Inertial navigation system (INS), a Tactical air navigation system (TACAN), fore & aft Radar warning receivers (RWR) and chaff/flare countermeasures) of the aircraft.[119] The F404 engine provided 29% more thrust, resulting in a 30% reduction in takeoff time as well as an increase in usable payload, range and maximum speed of 610 knots (1,130 km/h; 700 mph) at sea level.[119][120] In total, approximately 150 airframes (all A-4Bs and Cs) were acquired by Singapore.[121] _03.jpg) Since the 1990s, ST Engineering Aerospace has been a partner involved in the Eurocopter EC120 Colibri programme. On 20 October 1992, a contract for the joint development contract of the new helicopter was signed by the three principle partners of the project, the newly-formed Eurocopter, China National Aero-Technology Import & Export Corporation (CATIC) and ST Engineering Aerospace.[122] Under the joint development agreement, Eurocopter received a 61% controlling interest and technical leader in the programme, CATIC received a 24% work share and STAero received a 15% work share; CATIC designed and produced the cabin structure and fuel system, ST Engineering Aerospace produced the tail boom, access doors, and composite materials, while Eurocopter produced the dynamic assemblies, installed the avionics, electrical and hydraulic systems, and conducted the final assembly activity.[123] From the programme's onset, the EC120 had been intended to be co-produced, with partners sought in China, Singapore, and Australia.[122][124][125] By October 1998, more than 100 orders had been received for the type, leading to the production rate being increased from four helicopters per month to six.[126] In 2002, Eurocopter was in the process of establishing a second assembly line for the EC120 at Australian Aerospace's facility in Brisbane, Australia.[127] On 11 June 2004, a final production agreement was signed; under the agreement, CATIA and HAIG received exclusive market rights in China, and Eurocopter agreed to stop selling French-built EC120s in mainland China.[128] In June 2014, the People's Liberation Army of China became the launch customer for the Harbin-produced HC120, reportedly placing an order for eight of the type with options for fifty more.[128] OrdnanceM16S1 5.56 mm assault rifleThe M16S1 is the M16A1 rifle made under license by STELS. It was the standard-issue weapon of the Singapore Armed Forces and has been replaced by the newer SAR 21 in most branches. It has been retained in small numbers for a handful of rear-line units. Ultimax 100 5.56 mm section automatic weaponThe Ultimax 100 was designed by L. James Sullivan, who previously had redesigned Eugene Stoner's 7.62 mm AR10 assault rifle into a smaller 5.56 mm version, the M16. The Ultimax 100 was considered by experts as one of the most manageable light machine guns in the world. The Ultimax 100 makes use of Sullivan's patented counter recoil mechanism that makes the Ultimax 100 "not just a manageable full-automatic weapon, but a machine gun that can be aimed".[129][130] SAR 21 5.56mm assault rifleIn the mid 90s, the SAF decided to develop an indigenous rifle to replace the aging M16S1, most of which had been in service since the 70s. The other option was to procure new—and more expensive—weapons, with the chief contender being the M16A2. The Advanced Combat Rifle was conceived, and it eventually became the SAR 21. The SAR 21 is the first production assault rifle of its class to incorporate a built-in Laser Aiming Device (LAD) (powered by a single "AA" battery) as standard. The rifle incorporates various patented safety features, such as a Kevlar cheek plate and overpressure vent that protects the shooter in the unlikely event of a chamber explosion or catastrophic failure. It also has an integral 1.5× optical scope that is built into its carrying handle. The scope aids in target acquisition. The scope is factory-zeroed, and requires minimal further zeroing to suit different users. This minimizes non-training range time to zero the weapons and maximises live-firing training hours.[131][132] See also:
BR18 (Formerly the Bullpup Multirole Combat Rifle) Singapore Technologies Kinetics Ltd unveiled the Bullpup Multirole Combat Rifle (BMCR) during the Singapore Airshow 2014.[133] Claimed to be the shortest bullpup rifle in the world with a 14.5-inch barrel, the BMCR provides ease and comfort for soldiers to manipulate in tight spaces.[134] The BMCR is designed to fire NATO SS109 5.56mm ammunition and ST Kinetics' Extended Range 5.56mm ammunition, and come standard with MIL-STD-1913 Picatinny Rails at the three, six, nine and 12 o’clock positions.[133] The rifle is fully ambidextrous and possesses flexibility for assault, marksman and suppressive roles.[135] The weapon was renamed as the BR18, is scheduled to be in production by 2018.[136] Conventional Multirole Combat Rifle (CMCR).jpg) The 5.56mm Conventional Multirole Combat Rifle (CMCR) was released during the Singapore Airshow 2014.[133] Equipped with a unique adjustable and foldable buttstock, the CMCR provides ease and comfort for soldiers to manipulate in tight spaces. The CMCR is designed to fire NATO SS109 5.56mm ammunition and ST Kinetics' Extended Range 5.56mm ammunition, and come standard with MIL-STD-1913 Picatinny Rails at the three, six, nine and 12 o’clock positions.[135][137] Compact Personal Weapon (CPW)The CPW is a lightweight, multi-caliber Submachine Gun (SMG)/Personal Defence Weapon (PDW) for Close Quarters Combat (CQB/CQC) operations as well as engagements up to 150m. The CPW is available in 9mm Parabellum (9×19mm NATO) caliber for now and "resembles an updated/modernized MP7A1".[138] The main differences are the angled pistol grip of the CPW for enhanced ergonomics and natural aiming, and a transparent rear magazine so that the operator can see the rounds remaining. Other features include a skeletonised trigger, a full-length Mil-Std-1913 Picatinny top rail for mounting accessories such as optics and lasers, and a shorter bottom rail in front of the trigger guard for mounting a vertical foregrip. The CPW weighs only 1.5 kg empty/dry (2 kg with a fully loaded 30-round 9 mm magazine) and uses a unique bolt lever cam recoil mitigation system to control recoil and muzzle rise to increase target hits. Full-auto cyclic rate of fire is a relatively high 900 to 1100 rpm.[139] 40 mm weapon and munition systemsST Kinetics is one of the few producers of both 40 mm munition and weapon systems.[140] The range of 40 mm rounds include low velocity, high velocity, less-than-lethal, camera,[141] self-destruct, airburst and enhanced blast insensitive explosive rounds. There are currently 3 weapon systems available, namely the 40 mm Grenade Launcher (40GL), the 40 mm Automatic Grenade Launcher (40AGL) and the 40 mm Lightweight Automatic Grenade Launcher (40LWAGL, a portable version that is half the weight of conventional AGLs). The 40AGL was made in 1990, followed by the 40LWAGL in 2001 (previously called the 40 mm Super Light Weight AGL). The 40AGL is mounted in combination with the 12.7-mm 50MG in the ST Kinetics' 40/50 cupola weapon system, installed on the M113 and Bionix. The 40AGL weighs 33 kg without mount or ammunition. The objective of ST Kinetics in designing the 40LWAGL was to keep the grenade launcher's weight to below 20 kg, or half the weight of conventional AGLs. Prototype weapons weighed around 14 kg and small quantities have been sold to a few countries, including Sweden, mostly for evaluation. St Kinetics is also collaborating with Australia's Metal Storm and Electro Optics System to develop a new high-speed and recoilless 40 mm grenade launcher called the Redback Lightweight.[142] The company is reportedly the world's largest producer of the 40AGL, with more than 2,000 of the 40AGLs sold to the SAF and overseas customers.[143] In 2008, the company entered into a teaming agreement with Electro-Optic Systems (EOS) and Metal Storm (MS) to develop a 3-shot under-barrel grenade launcher called the 3GL. The 3GL is intended to replace the M203 under barrel grenade launcher for most military rifles including the M16, AK-47, SAR 21 and Steyr AUG. It can also be detached to operate as a stand-alone weapon.[144] In September 2013, Thales and ST Kinetics agreed to develop, manufacture and market ST Kinetics' 40mm low-velocity air-bursting ammunition for the Australian and New Zealand markets.[145] ST Kinetics also announced that the company secured a total of more than US$30 million worth of international orders from Canada and United States for its 40mm ammunition in October 2013.[146] 50MG machine gun The 50MG was developed in the 1980s by CIS to replace the 12.7 mm (0.50 in) Browning M2HB machine guns used by the SAF. The CIS engineers learnt from the lesson of the unsuccessful American "Dover Devil GPHMG" programme, to create a modular weapon suited for modern tactical doctrines and production techniques. They succeeded and in 1988, CIS introduced the new machine gun and simply named it as the "CIS 50MG". The SAF used the 50MG in its infantry regiments and as a mounted weapon on armoured vehicles and naval craft. The STK 50MG is a gas-operated, air-cooled, belt-fed weapon. It has a quick-detachable barrel equipped with a carrying handle. The gun is operated using dual gas pistons, located in two gas tubes placed on either side of the barrel. The barrel is locked by means of a rotary bolt with multiple radial lugs that engages the barrel extension, eliminating the need for headspace adjustments. The STK 50MG utilizes the same "constant recoil" system used in the Ultimax 100. A unique feature of the 50MG is its dual belt-feed system that allows for fast and easy switching of ammunition from standard ball to armor-piercing Saboted Light Armor Penetrator (SLAP). Such systems are more commonly used in modern automatic cannons.[147][148][149] 120 mm Super Rapid Advanced Mortar System (SRAMS)The 120SRAMS is developed specifically for rapid and close range requirements of the battlefield. The semi-automatic Ammunition Transfer System and the patented Valve System in the breech mechanism provides an effective vent for the trapped air to let the bomb "free-fall" into the barrel. This reduces the projectile's in-bore travel and reportedly allows the 120SRAM to achieve the highest continuous firing rate of up to 18 rounds per minute—3 times faster than a conventional mortar system which can fire up to 6 rounds per minute.[150] Recent product information has indicated the firing rate at a more modest 10 rounds per minute.[151] The patented Cooling System is able to reduce the temperature that builds up in the barrel quickly to enable continuous firing without blockage. The patented Blast Diffuser reduces the blast overpressure by about 8 to 10 decibels. The 120SRAM is also currently the only system in the world with a recoil of less than 20 tonnes, which allows the 120SRAM to be mounted on board a 4×4 wheeled vehicle. The 120SRAM has a navigation and positioning system, power gun drives and integrated with an automatic fire control system, which require just a 3-person crew to operate the weapon.[150] FH-2000 field howitzerThe FH-2000 is a 155 mm 52-calibre towed howitzer gun and the "first 52 calibre field howitzer in service and in series production".[152] Designed and built locally in Singapore by CIS, the FH-2000 deploys a crew of 8 and can use a low-powered self-propelled engine to travel at 10 km/h without towing. It fires projectiles to a maximum range of 42 km using special extended range ammunition that was field tested in New Zealand. Pegasus 155mm lightweight howitzerThe Pegasus is the world's first heli-portable 155 mm 39 calibre self-propelled light howitzer, capable of offering aerial mobility for shoot and scoot. The Pegasus' automatic ammunition loading system, advanced sight, lightweight material and innovative recoil management make the Pegasus highly survivable, fast to deploy and easy to use. SSPH-1 Primus self-propelled artillery The Singapore Self-Propelled Howitzer 1 (SSPH 1) Primus is a self-propelled artillery unit armed with a 155 mm howitzer jointly developed by the SAF, Defence Science and Technology Agency (DSTA) and ST Kinetics. Primus provides the range, firepower and accuracy of the artillery while keeping its weight below 30 tons and width below 3m. Other self-propelled guns such as the U.S. (M109 Paladin), Britain's (AS90 Braveheart), Japan's (Type 75) and Russia's (2S3M1) were either too heavy, at over 50 tons, or too wide, beyond 3m, for the tropical rainforest and swampy terrains. The chassis is based on the proven United defence M109 155 mm self-propelled howitzer, with a new power pack similar to the one fitted on the Bionix infantry fighting vehicle (IFV). The power pack consists of a Detroit Diesel Corporation 6V 92TIA diesel engine developing 550 hp coupled to a General Dynamics Land Systems HMPT-500-3EC fully automatic transmission. The maximum road speed of the Primus is 50 km/h, with an operating range of 350 km, its combat weight is of 28.3 tons allows it to use the SAF 's current military bridging systems. The Primus could be deployed by the future Airbus A400M Transport aircraft. Bionix armoured fighting vehicleThe Bionix was the first local armoured fighting vehicle, designed and developed by ST Kinetics. It is a medium-weight tracked vehicle, weighing between twenty-two and twenty-eight tonnes, to replace the aging M-113A2 armoured personnel carriers. The Bionix was commissioned by the SAF in September 1997 and operated under the 42nd Battalion of the Singapore Armoured Regiment (42 SAR). During the commissioning parade in July 1999, then Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Defence, Dr Tony Tan, declared the Bionix IFV to be "a highly effective indigenous armoured vehicle".[153] The Bionix was eventually succeeded by the Bionix II, which was jointly developed by the SAF, the Defence Science and Technology Agency (DSTA), and ST Kinetics.[154] Bronco all-terrain tracked carrierThe Bronco is manufactured by ST Kinetics for the Singaporean Army and in small amounts as an UOR for the British Army in Afghanistan. The company is also manufacturing the firefighter and other civilian variants of the ATTC under its U.S. subsidiary, Hackney[155] where it is positioned as a disaster recovery vehicle with its ability to access uneven and soft terrains impassable to normal vehicles after earthquakes, floods or other major urban catastrophes. Another commercial variant, the All Terrain Tracked Emergency-Engineering Car 全地形履带式工程抢险,[156] is also under development by its China subsidiary, GJK, in a bid to leverage on China's cost advantage. Competition would include the Russian Vityaz DT-(10/20/30)P models[157] and BAe Hagglunds' BVS10. Terrex AV81 8×8 AFVThe Terrex AV81 is an armoured fighting vehicle weighing between 25 and 30 tons an 8×8 wheeled chassis and modern armour. Multiple weapon platforms are supported, including both the remote and overhead weapons stations. The Terrex's modular design allows for different level of armour protection and weapon systems. It is designed to be air-portable by C-130s or equivalent cargo aircraft. The Terrex uses a patented independent double wishbone suspension, which greatly improves ground mobility and comfort during rides over rough terrains. The use of automatic traction control and the capacity for large footprint off-road tyres enables the Terrex to reach high speed on soft ground. The vehicle has a double hull with an external V-hull that improves mine blast survivability. Add-on armour provides further protection for troops. It is also capable of providing full chemical, biological and nuclear protection in extreme operational conditions. The baseline configuration is fully amphibious. Two water jets mounted on either side at the back of the hull propel the vehicle through water at 10 km/h. Initially developed for export sales from the number of emerging wheeled armoured vehicle requirements including U.S. Interim Brigade Combat Team (IBCT) concept, which calls for the need of wheeled armoured fighting vehicles (AFV) as opposed to tracked AFVs. In 2006, the SAF decided to purchase 135 units to replace their aging V-200 armoured vehicles. The Indonesian Army also indicated plans to purchase 420 units and to produce the Terrex under license locally.[158][159] Hunter armoured fighting vehicleThe Hunter was jointly developed with Defence Science and Technology Agency, and the Singapore Army. Intended to replace the Singapore Army's aging Ultra M113 armoured personnel carriers, it was commissioned in 2019. It is the Singapore Army's first fully digitalised platform and is designed to provide armoured forces with enhanced capabilities to operate more effectively and efficiently in various phases of military operations. Other military and para-military products
Subsidiaries/DivisionsSubsidiaries/Divisions under ST Engineering Aerospace
Associated companies
ControversiesCorruption for ship-repair contractsIn 2014, ST Engineering and its subsidiaries ST Engineering Marine and ST Engineering Aerospace were hit by one of the largest corruption scandals in Singapore history following investigations by the Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau.[170][171][172] In December 2014, former ST Engineering Marine and ST Engineering Aerospace president, Chang Cheow Teck, was charged with conspiring with two subordinates to offer bribes in return for ship-repair contracts between 2004 and 2010.[173] The corruption charges were eventually withdrawn and in January 2017, Chang pleaded guilty to "failing to use reasonable diligence in performing his duties" and was given a short detention order of 14 days.[170] Former ST Marine CEO and president See Leong Teck was also charged with seven counts of corruption.[173] In December 2016, See was sentenced to 10 months' jail and a $100,000 fine.[171] Since then, six other former ST Engineering Marine senior executives were implicated in the corruption scandal, including former financial controller and senior vice-president of finance Ong Tek Liam who pleaded guilty to ten out of 118 charges in relating to the falsification of accounts,[174] former senior vice-president Mok Kim Whang who pleaded guilty to 49 out of 826 corruption charges,[172] ex-chief operating officer Han Yew Kwang who pleaded guilty to 50 out of 407 charges and was sentenced to six months' jail and fined $80,000,[175] former president of commercial business Tan Mong Seng who faced 445 corruption charges[176] and was sentenced to 16 weeks' jail,[172][177] and ex-financial controller Patrick Lee Swee Ching who pled guilty to seven of 38 charges of conspiring with others between 2004 and 2007 to make false entries in petty cash vouchers, and was given the maximum fine of $210,000.[178] In June 2017, Ong Teck Liam was sentenced to a fine of SGD300,000 ($217,200), in default 30 weeks’ imprisonment. Ong was the last to be sentenced. [179][180] References
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