Oxiracetam (developmental code name ISF 2522) is a nootropic drug of the racetam family and a very mild stimulant.[1][2] Several studies suggest that the substance is safe even when high doses are consumed for a long period of time.[3][4][5] However, the mechanism of action of the racetam drug family is still a matter of research. Oxiracetam is not approved by Food and Drug Administration for any medical use in the United States.
There has been effort put into investigating the possible use of oxiracetam as a medication to attenuate the symptoms of dementia.[6] However, no convincing results were obtained from studies of patients with Alzheimer's dementia or organic solvent abuse.[6]
Tests performed on patients with mild to moderate dementia experienced beneficial effects measured by higher scores on tests for logical performance, attention, concentration, memory and spatial orientation. Improvement was also seen in patients with exogenic post-concussion syndrome, organic brain syndromes and other dementias.[6]
Oxiracetam-treated DBA mice demonstrated a significant increase in spatial learning performance as determined by the Morris water navigation task, compared to controls. This increase in performance was correlated to an increase in membrane-bound PKC.[7]
Oxiracetam is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract with a bioavailability of 56-82%.[6] Peak serum levels are reached within one to three hours after a single 800 mg or 2000 mg oral dose, with the maximal serum concentration reaching between 19 and 31 μg/ml at these doses.
Oxiracetam is mainly cleared renally and approximately 84% is excreted unchanged in the urine. The half-life of oxiracetam in healthy individuals is about 8 hours, whereas it is 10–68 hours in patients with renal impairment. There is some penetration of the blood–brain barrier with brain concentrations reaching 5.3% of those in the blood (measured one hour after a single 2000 mg intravenous dose).[6]
Clearance rates range from 9 to 95 ml/min and steady-state concentrations when 800 mg is given twice daily range from 60 μM to 530 μM.
The highest brain concentrations of oxiracetam are found in the septum pellucidum, followed by the hippocampus, the cerebral cortex and with the lowest concentrations in the striatum after a 200 mg/kg oral dose given to rats.[6] Oxiracetam may be quantitated in plasma, serum or urine by liquid chromatography with one of several different detection techniques.[8]
The major metabolites of Oxiracetam include: beta-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidone, N-aminoacetyl-GABOB, GABOB (beta-hydroxy-GABA) and glycine.[citation needed] Thus its metabolic route is exactly parallel to that of piracetam, aniracetam, phenylpiracetam, and all other members of the -racetam family, and also pyroglutamic acid.
English bishop (died 1802) For his son, the Bishop of Oxford, see Charles Moss (bishop of Oxford). The Right ReverendCharles MossBishop of Bath and WellsChurchChurch of EnglandProvinceCanterburyDioceseBath and WellsElected1774Term ended1802PredecessorEdward WillesSuccessorRichard BeadonOther post(s)Bishop of St David's (1766–1774);Chaplain to the King (1758–1766)Personal detailsBorn(1712-01-03)3 January 1712Postwick, NorfolkDied13 April 1802(1802-04-13) (aged 90)LondonBuriedGrosvenor Ch…
グラクソ・スミスクラインGSK plc ロンドンの本社種類 株式会社市場情報 LSE GSK NYSE GSK 略称 GSK本社所在地 イギリスロンドン、ハウンズロー区ブレントフォード、グレート・ウエスト・ロード 980設立 1999年12月6日業種 医薬品事業内容 医療用医薬品および一般医療関連製品の創造、発見、開発、製造および販売代表者 en:Andrew Witty (CEO)en:Chris Gent (Chairman)資本金 8,032 Million Pound(2…
Government-funded secondary school in Bendigo, Victoria, AustraliaBendigo Senior Secondary CollegeOfficial logoLocationBendigo, VictoriaAustraliaCoordinates36°45′19″S 144°16′52″E / 36.7553°S 144.281°E / -36.7553; 144.281InformationFormer nameBendigo Continuation School (1907–1912)Bendigo High School (1912–1984)Bendigo Senior High School (1984–1989)[2]TypeGovernment-funded secondaryMottoLatin: Qui Patitur Vincit(Translation: Who perseveres conquer…
Ethnic conflict in Myanmar Kokang incidentPart of the internal conflict in MyanmarDate27–30 August 2009LocationKokang, MyanmarResult Burmese government victoryBelligerents MNDAA NDAA UWSA Union of MyanmarMNDAA mutineersCommanders and leaders Pheung Kya-shin Sr. Gen. Min Aung Hlaing[1]Casualties and losses Per junta government:[2]8 killed640 weapons seized[3] Per junta government:[2]26 killed47 woundedPer MNDAA and allies: 30+ killed 1 Chinese citizen killed[…
Джон Ортіс Народився 23 травня 1968(1968-05-23)[1][2] (55 років)Бруклін, Нью-Йорк, Нью-Йорк, СШАГромадянство СШАДіяльність актор театру, телеактор, кіноакторAlma mater Університет в Олбаніd і John Dewey High SchooldРоки діяльності 1993 — тепер. часУ шлюбі з Jennifer OrtizdIMDb nm0651159 Джон О…
Learned society promoting Asian countries Royal Society for Asian AffairsFormation1901 (1901)TypeLearned societyHeadquartersLondonLocationUnited KingdomOfficial language EnglishPresidentPeter FrankopanWebsitersaa.org.uk The Royal Society for Asian Affairs (RSAA) is a learned society based in London (United Kingdom). Its objective is to advance public knowledge and understanding of Asia through its worldwide networks, its public events, its publications and its support to research. It is ind…
Опис файлу Опис Обкладинка альбому «Святість Віри» Джерело Невідоме Час створення 2002 Автор зображення Невідомий Ліцензія див. нижче Обґрунтування добропорядного використання для статті «Святість віри» [?] Мета використання Проілюструвати статтю про альбом Замін…
Polish researcher (born 1962) Piotr A. WoźniakBornMarch 1962 (age 61)Milanówek, PolandKnown forSuperMemoAcademic backgroundEducationAdam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (M.S.)Poznań University of Technology (M.S.)Wrocław University of Economics (Ph.D.)ThesisEconomics of Learning: New Aspects in Designing Modern Computer Aided Self-Instruction Systems (1995)Doctoral advisorWitold Abramowicz Websitesupermemo.guru Piotr A. Woźniak (Polish pronunciation: [pjɔtr ˈvɔʑ…
Pour les articles homonymes, voir Lodge. Cet article est une ébauche concernant le tourisme. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Campement de safari de Kikoti dans le parc national de Tarangire en Tanzanie. Une loge de safari (en anglais safari lodge ou game lodge) est un type de logement en plein air rencontré dans l'Afrique de l'Est et du Sud. Les loges de safari sont souvent situées à l'intérieur…
У Вікіпедії є статті про інших людей з таким ім'ям: Серафим. Серафим Серафим (Залізницький) Митрополит Івано-Франківський і Коломийський за версією РПЦвУ 25 вересня 2018 — 9 березня 2022[1] Церква: УПЦ МП Попередник: Тихон (Чижевський) Наступник: Веніамін (Міжінський), як
Koordinat: 53°52′12″N 1°40′52″W / 53.870°N 1.681°W / 53.870; -1.681 Aireborough adalah distrik perkotaan di West Riding of Yorkshire yang eksis antara tahun 1937 hingga 1974, di utara Leeds, Inggris.[1] Wilayahnya meliputi Guiseley, Yeadon dan Rawdon, dan dibuat sebagai gabungan dari tiga distrik kota tersebut ditambah bagian dari Distrik Desa Wharfedale. Nama distrik ini diambil dari Sungai Aire. Distrik ini sekarang merupakan bagian dari Distrik Metr…
Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Februari 2023. Artikel ini memiliki beberapa masalah. Tolong bantu memperbaikinya atau diskusikan masalah-masalah ini di halaman pembicaraannya. (Pelajari bagaimana dan kapan saat yang tepat untuk menghapus templat pesan ini) Artikel ini kemungkinan dibuat atau disunti…
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IGHMBP2 التراكيب المتوفرة بنك بيانات البروتينOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB قائمة رموز معرفات بنك بيانات البروتين 1MSZ, 2LRR, 4B3F, 4B3G المعرفات الأسماء المستعارة IGHMBP2, CATF1, HCSA, HMN6, SMARD1, SMUBP2, ZFAND7, CMT2S, immunoglobulin mu binding protein 2, immunoglobulin mu DNA binding protein 2 معرفات خارجية الوراثة المندلية البشرية عبر الإنترنت 600502 MGI: MGI:99…
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Series of short subject films Serial (film) redirects here. For the comedy film, see Serial (1980 film). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Serial film – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Poster for episode 6 of The Perils…
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