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Mongolian numerals

Numerals reading "2013" in Ulaanbaatar
Example use of the number 16 on the first line of John 3:16
Example use of the number 16 on the first line of John 3:16

Mongolian numerals are numerals developed from Tibetan numerals and used in conjunction with the Mongolian and Clear script.[1][2]: 28  They are still used on Mongolian tögrög banknotes.

The main sources of reference for Mongolian numerals are mathematical and philosophical works of Janj khutugtu A.Rolbiidorj (1717-1766) and D.Injinaash (1704-1788). Rolbiidorj exercises with numerals of up to 1066, the last number which he called “setgeshgui” or “unimaginable” referring to the concept of infinity. Injinaash works with numerals of up to 1059. Of these two scholars, the Rolbiidorj’s numerals, their names and sequencing are commonly accepted and used today, for example, in the calculations and documents pertaining to the Mongolian Government budget.

Base numbers

Numbers from 1 to 9 are referred to as "dan", meaning "simple".

# Mongolian numerals Tibetan numerals
Upright[3]: 54 [4]: 9 [5]: 103  Rotated[6]
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Extended numbers

Name Power Notation Short scale Western
аравт (aravt) 10 ten
зуут (dzuut) 102 hundred
мянгат (myangat) 103 1 thousand
түмт (tümt) 104 10 thousand
бумт (bumt) 105 100 thousand
саят (sayat) 106 1 million
живаа (jivaa) 107 10 million
дүнчүүр (dünchüür) 108 100 million
тэрбум (terbum) 109 1 billion
их тэрбум (ikh terbum) 1010 10 billion
наяд (nayad) 1011 100 billion
их наяд (ikh nayad) 1012 1 trillion
маш дэлгэмэл (mash delgemel) 1013 10 trillion
их маш дэлгэмэл (ikh mash delgemel) 1014 100 trillion
тунамал (tunamal) 1015 1 quadrillion
их тунамал (ikh tunamal) 1016 10 quadrillion
ингүүмэл (ingüümel) 1017 100 quadrillion
их ингүүмэл (ikh ingüümel) 1018 1 quintillion
хямралгүй (khyamralgüi) 1019 10 quintillion
их хямралгүй (ikh khyamralgüi) 1020 100 quintillion
ялгаруулагч (yalgaruulagch) 1021 1 sextillion
их ялгаруулагч (ikh yalgaruulagch) 1022 10 sextillion
өөр дээр (öör deer) 1023 100 sextillion
их өөр дээр (ikh öör deer) 1024 1 septillion
хөөн удирдагч (khöön udirdagch) 1025 10 septillion
их хөөн удирдагч (ikh khöön udirdagch) 1026 100 septillion
хязгаар үзэгдэл (khyadzgaar üdzegdel) 1027 1 octillion
их хязгаар үзэгдэл (ikh khyadzgaar üdzegel) 1028 10 octillion
шалтгааны зүйл (shaltgaany dzüyl) 1029 100 octillion
их шалтгааны зүйл (ikh shaltgaany dzüyl) 1030 1 nonillion
үзэсгэлэн гэрэлт (üdzesgelen gerelt) 1031 10 nonillion
их үзэсгэлэн гэрэлт (ikh üdzesgelen gerelt) 1032 100 nonillion
эрхт (erkht) 1033 1 decillion
их эрхт (ikh erkht) 1034 10 decillion
сайтар хүргэсэн (saytar khürgesen) 1035 100 decillion
их сайтар хүргэсэн (ikh saytar khürgesen) 1036 1 undecillion
олон одох (olon odokh) 1037 10 undecillion
их олон одох (ikh olon odokh) 1038 100 undecillion
живэх тоосон билэг (jivekh tooson bileg) 1039 1 duodecillion
их живэх тоосон билэг (ikh jivekh tooson bileg) 1040 10 duodecillion
билэг тэмдэг (bilet temdeg) 1041 100 duodecillion
их билэг тэмдэг (ikh bilet temdeg) 1042 1 tredecillion
хүчин нөхөр (khüchin nökhör) 1043 10 tredecillion
их хүчин нөхөр (ikh khüchin nökhör) 1044 100 tredecillion
тохио мэдэхүй (tokhio medekhüi) 1045 1 quattuordecillion
их тохио мэдэхүй (ikh tokhio medekhüi) 1046 10 quattuordecillion
тийн болсон (tiin bolson) 1047 100 quattuordecillion
их тийн болсон (ikh tiin bolson) 1048 1 quindecillion
хүчин нүд (khüchin nud) 1049 10 quindecillion
их хүчин нүд (ikh khüchin nüd) 1050 100 quindecillion
асрахуй (asrakhui) 1051 1 sexdecillion
их асрахуй (ikh asrakhui) 1052 10 sexdecillion
нигүүлсэнгүй (nigüülsengüi) 1053 100 sexdecillion
их нигүүлсэнгүй (ikh nigüülsengüi) 1054 1 septendecillion
баясгалангуй (bayasgalangui) 1055 10 septendecillion
их баясгалангуй (ikh bayasgalangui) 1056 100 septendecillion
тоолшгүй (toolshgüi) 1057 1 octodecillion
хэмжээлшгүй (khemjeelshgüi) 1058 10 octodecillion
цаглашгүй (tsaglashgüi) 1059 100 octodecillion
өгүүлшгүй (ögüülshgüi) 1060 1 novemdecillion
хэрэглэшгүй (kheregleshgüi) 1061 10 novemdecillion
үйлдэж дуусашгүй (üildej duusashgüi) 1062 100 novemdecillion
үлэшгүй (üleshgüi) 1063 1 vigintillion
хирлэшгүй (khirleshgüi) 1064 10 vigintillion
үлэж дуусашгүй (ülej duusashgüi) 1065 100 vigintillion
сэтгэшгүй (setgeshgüi) 1066 1 unvigintillion

References

  1. ^ Chrisomalis, Stephen (2010). Numerical Notation: A Comparative History. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521878180.
  2. ^ "The Unicode® Standard Version 10.0 – Core Specification: South and Central Asia-II" (PDF). Unicode.org. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  3. ^ Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
  4. ^ Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.
  5. ^ Kara, György (2005). Books of the Mongolian Nomads: More Than Eight Centuries of Writing Mongolian. Indiana University, Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies. ISBN 978-0-933070-52-3.
  6. ^ Popov, Aleksandr (1837). Arifmetika na Mongolskom yazykě Ариѳметика на Монгольскомъ языкѣ (in Mongolian). Kazan. p. 31. Retrieved 2023-02-28.


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