406991
n/a
ENSG00000284190
na
microRNA 21 also known as hsa-mir-21 or miRNA21 is a mammalian microRNA that is encoded by the MIR21 gene.[3]
MIRN21 was one of the first mammalian microRNAs identified. The mature miR-21 sequence is strongly conserved throughout evolution. The human microRNA-21 gene is located on plus strand of chromosome 17q23.2 (55273409–55273480) within a coding gene TMEM49 (also called vacuole membrane protein). Despite being located in intronic regions of a coding gene in the direction of transcription, it has its own promoter regions and forms a ~3433-nt long primary transcript of miR-21 (known as pri-miR-21) which is independently transcribed. The stem–loop precursor of miR-21(pre-miR-21) resides between nucleotides 2445 and 2516 of pri-miR-21.
Pri-miR-21 is cut by the endonuclease Drosha in the nucleus to produce pre-miR-21, which is exported into the cytosol. This pre-miR-21 is then cut into a short RNA duplex by Dicer in the cytosol. Although abundance of both strands is equal by transcription, only one strand (miR-21) is selected for processing as mature microRNA based on the thermodynamic stability of each end of the duplex, while the other strand (designated with an asterisk; miR-21*) is generally degraded. Mature microRNA is then loaded into microRNA ribonucleoprotein complex RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) and guided to target mRNAs with near perfect complementarily at 3'UTR.
A number of targets for microRNA-21 have been experimentally validated and most of them are tumor suppressors, Notable targets include:
miR-21 is one of the most frequently upregulated miRNAs in solid tumours, and its high levels were first described in B cell lymphomas. Overall, miR-21 is considered to be a typical 'onco-miR', which acts by inhibiting the expression of phosphatases, which limit the activity of signalling pathways such as AKT and MAPK. As most of the targets of miR-21 are tumor suppressors, miR-21 is associated with a wide variety of cancers including that of breast,[20] ovaries,[21] cervix,[22] colon,[12] lung,[23] liver,[13] brain,[24] esophagus,[25] prostate,[23] pancreas,[23] and thyroid.[26] A 2014 meta-analysis of 36 studies evaluated circulating miR-21 as a biomarker of various carcinomas, finding it has potential as a tool for early diagnosis.[27] miR-21 expression was associated with survival in 53 triple negative breast cancer patients.[28] miR-21 can also be detected in human faeces from colorectal cancer patients.[29] Additionally, it has been demonstrated as an independent prognostic factor in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms.[30]
miR-21 has been shown to play important role in development of heart disease. It is one of the microRNAs whose expression is increased in failing murine and human hearts.[18][31] Further, inhibition of microRNAs in mice using chemically modified and cholesterol-conjugated miRNA inhibitors (antagomirs) was shown to inhibit interstitial fibrosis and improve cardiac function in a pressure- overload cardiac disease mice model.[18] Surprisingly, miR-21 global knock-out mice did not show any overt phenotype when compared with wild type mice with respect to cardiac stress response. Similarly, short (8-nt) oligonucleotides designed to inhibit miR-21 could not inhibit cardiac hypertrophy or fibrosis.[32] In another study with a mouse model of acute myocardial infarction, miR-21 expression was found to be significantly lower in infarcted areas and overexpression of miR-21 in those mice via adenovirus-mediated gene transfer decreased myocardial infarct size.[33] miR-21 has been hypothesized to be an intermediary in the effects of air pollution that lead to endothelial dysfunction and eventually to cardiac disease. Expression of miR-21 is negatively associated with exposure to PM10 air pollution and may mediate its effect on small blood vessels.[34]
Historic site in Riding Mountain National Park, ManitobaRiding Mountain Park East Gate Registration ComplexEast Entrance GateLocationRiding Mountain National Park, ManitobaBuilt1933Architectural style(s)RusticGoverning bodyParks CanadaWebsiteNational Historic Site page National Historic Site of CanadaDesignated1992 The Riding Mountain Park East Gate Registration Complex north of Brandon, Manitoba, is the only surviving gate structure of the three built at the entrances to Canada's Riding Mountai…
Benjamin Lecomte Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Benjamin LecomteTanggal lahir 26 April 1991 (umur 32)Tempat lahir Paris, PrancisTinggi 1,86 m (6 ft 1 in)Posisi bermain Penjaga gawangInformasi klubKlub saat ini LorientNomor 1Karier junior1997–2005 Arcueil Municipal2005–2006 Antony Sports2006–2009 Niort2009–2010 LorientKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)2010– Lorient 4 (0)Tim nasional‡2008–2009 Prancis U-18 4 (0)2009–2010 Prancis U-19 4 (0)2011 Prancis U-20 2 (0…
Ruta Nacional 259 Argentina Un ferrocarril cruzando la RN 259. Datos de la rutaIdentificador RN 259 Tipo Ruta nacionalLongitud 75 kmOtros datosProvincia ChubutIntersecciones en Nahuel PanOrientación • noreste Cerca de la estación Nahuel Pan (42°56′55.9″S 71°12′57.3″O / -42.948861, -71.215917) • sudoeste Paso internacional Río Futaleufú (43°10′28.3″S 71°44′55.7″O / -43.174528, -71.748806)Siguientes rutas …
Not to be confused with All I Want to Do (The Beach Boys song). 1970 song by the Beach BoysAll I Wanna DoSong by the Beach Boysfrom the album Sunflower ReleasedAugust 31, 1970 (1970-08-31)RecordedMarch 19, 1969StudioGold Star and Beach Boys Studio, Los AngelesGenrePsychedelic popdream pop[1][2]chillwave[3][4][5][6][7]proto-shoegaze[8]Length2:34LabelBrother/RepriseSongwriter(s) Brian Wilson Mike Love Producer(s)The Bea…
For the electoral districts named for this city, see Fort Saskatchewan-Vegreville. City in Alberta, CanadaFort SaskatchewanCityCity of Fort SaskatchewanDowntown Fort Saskatchewan SealLogoMotto: Gotta Love It!Fort SaskatchewanLocation of Fort Saskatchewan with Strathcona CountyShow map of Strathcona CountyFort SaskatchewanLocation of Fort Saskatchewan in AlbertaShow map of AlbertaCoordinates: 53°42′46″N 113°12′48″W / 53.71278°N 113.21333°W / 53.71278; -113…
KakabiaPulau KakabiaKakabiaTampilkan peta Kepulauan SelayarKakabiaTampilkan peta Sulawesi SelatanKakabiaTampilkan peta SulawesiKakabiaTampilkan peta IndonesiaKakabiaTampilkan peta Asia TenggaraGeografiLokasiLaut FloresAsia TenggaraSamudra HindiaKoordinat6°54′7.000″S 122°13′11.000″E / 6.90194444°S 122.21972222°E / -6.90194444; 122.21972222KepulauanKepulauan Selayar, Kepulauan Sunda Besar (Pulau Sulawesi dan Pulau-pulau Kecil di Sekitarnya), Kepulauan IndonesiaD…
Die Steinbach-Madonna. Die Steinbach-Madonna ist eine Muttergottes-Halbfigur im Stadtwald des unterfränkischen Kurort Bad Kissingen. Sie gehört zu den Bad Kissinger Baudenkmälern und ist unter der Nummer D-6-72-114-129 in der Bayerischen Denkmalliste registriert. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Geographische Lage 2 Geschichte 3 Literatur 4 Weblinks Geographische Lage Die Steinbach-Madonna befindet sich im zwischen Wildpark Klaushof und Luitpoldpark befindlichen Stadtwald von Bad Kissingen zwischen den E…
Canadian politician (1927–2010) Not to be confused with John A. Macdonald, Canada's first prime minister. Jack MacDonaldMayor of Hamilton, OntarioIn office1977–1980Preceded byVince AgroSucceeded byWilliam Powell Personal detailsBorn1927London, Ontario, CanadaDiedMay 5, 2010 (aged 82)Hamilton, Ontario, CanadaSpouseJessie ThomsonProfessionPolitician, businessman, journalist John A. Jack MacDonald (1927 – May 5, 2010) was a politician, businessman, and journalist in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.…
ميثان ميثان ميثان ميثان ميثان الاسم النظامي (IUPAC) ميثان أسماء أخرى غاز المستنقعات المعرفات رقم CAS 74-82-8 بوب كيم (PubChem) 297 مواصفات الإدخال النصي المبسط للجزيئات C[1] المعرف الكيميائي الدولي InChI=1S/CH4/h1H4[1] InChIKey:VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N[1][2] الخواص الصيغة الجزيئية CH4 الك…
Aspect of history A cylindrical bronze wine container made during the late Shang dynasty (c. 1600 – c. 1050 BCE); such items were excavated by gentry scholars of the Song dynasty (960–1279).[1] Part of a series on theHistory of China Timeline Dynasties Historiography Prehistoric Paleolithic Neolithic (c. 8500 – c. 2000 BCE) Yellow, Yangtze, and Liao civilization Ancient Xia (c. 2070 – c. 1600 BCE) Shang (c. 1600 – c.…
Castle in North Yorkshire, England This article is about the castle in Yorkshire. For the Baroque castle in Braunschweig, see Schloss Richmond. For the Edwardian mansion in Sri Lanka, see Richmond Castle, Kalutara.Not to be confused with Richmond Palace.The 12th-century keep is 100 feet (30 m) high. Richmond Castle in Richmond, North Yorkshire, England, stands in a commanding position above the River Swale, close to the centre of the town of Richmond. It was originally called Riche Mount, '…
Joachim Camerarius der Jüngere Joachim Camerarius der Jüngere, auch Joachim Cammermeister (* 6. November 1534 in Nürnberg; † 11. Oktober 1598 ebenda) war ein deutscher Arzt, Botaniker und Naturforscher. Ludwig Camerarius war sein Sohn. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Leben und Wirken 2 Schriften (Auswahl) 3 Literatur 4 Weblinks 5 Einzelnachweise Leben und Wirken Der Sohn von Joachim Camerarius dem Älteren besuchte das Gymnasium Schulpforta. Er studierte Medizin an der Universität Wittenberg, wo eine…
Municipality in Jalilabad, AzerbaijanKürdlərMunicipalityKürdlərCoordinates: 39°11′39″N 48°23′58″E / 39.19417°N 48.39944°E / 39.19417; 48.39944Country AzerbaijanRayonJalilabadPopulation[citation needed] • Total705Time zoneUTC+4 (AZT) • Summer (DST)UTC+5 (AZT) Kürdlər (also, Kurdlyar and Kyurdlyar) is a village and municipality in the Jalilabad Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 69. References Kürdlər, Jalila…
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens DDX17IdentifiersAliasesDDX17, P72, RH70, DEAD-box helicase 17External IDsOMIM: 608469 MGI: 1914290 HomoloGene: 101101 GeneCards: DDX17 Gene location (Human)Chr.Chromosome 22 (human)[1]Band22q13.1Start38,483,438 bp[1]End38,507,660 bp[1]Gene location (Mouse)Chr.Chromosome 15 (mouse)[2]Band15|15 E1Start79,411,937 bp[2]End79,430,942 bp[2]RNA expression patternBgeeHumanMouse (ortholog)Top expressed in…
Nigerian basketball player Uju Ugoka OgbodoUju Ugoka taking a foul shot at Virginia Tech in 2013No. 1 – La Roche Vendée Basket ClubPositionPoint guardLeagueLigue Féminine de BasketballPersonal informationBorn (1993-05-24) May 24, 1993 (age 30)Lagos, NigeriaNationalityNigerianListed height6 ft 1 in (1.85 m)Listed weight146 lb (66 kg)Career informationCollege Grayson College Gulf Coast State Virginia Tech NBA draft2014: undraftedPlaying career2014–presen…
LeganésNama lengkapClub Deportivo Leganés, S.A.DJulukanLos Pepineros (Para Penanam Timun)LegaBerdiri23 Juni 1928; 95 tahun lalu (1928-06-23)StadionEstadio Municipal de Butarque(Kapasitas: 12.450[1])PresidenMaría Victoria PavónPelatih kepalaJavier AguirreLigaLa Liga2018–19La Liga, peringkat 13Situs webSitus web resmi klub Kostum kandang Kostum tandang Kostum ketiga Club Deportivo Leganés, S.A.D. adalah sebuah tim sepak bola Spanyol dari Leganés, di pinggiran Madrid. Didi…
Wetland located in Balochistan, Pakistan, near the town of Jiwani Jiwani Coastal WetlandDead Coral ground in Jiwani Coastal WetlandTypeWetlandLocationGawater Bay, Balochistan, PakistanCoordinates25°05′N 61°48′E / 25.083°N 61.800°E / 25.083; 61.800Area11,367 acres (46.00 km2) Ramsar WetlandDesignated10 May 2001Reference no.1066[1] Mangrove tree plantations for conservation of the Mangrove forest The Jiwani Coastal Wetland is a wetland located in B…
Michael OlindoMichael pada tahun 2021LahirMichael James Olindo15 Maret 2001 (umur 22)Jakarta, IndonesiaPekerjaanPemeranTahun aktif2015—sekarangTinggi175 cm (5 ft 9 in)[1] Michael James Olindo (lahir 15 Maret 2001) adalah aktor dan mantan pebasket berkebangsaan Indonesia. Michael memulai karier sebagai atlet dengan bergabung dalam klub basket Victoria Basketball Club, kemudian di tahun 2017 Michael terpilih untuk masuk dalam Tim nasional bola basket Indonesia Un…
Higham ParkPalladian front of Higham Park houseShown in KentGeneral informationArchitectural styleNeoclassicalTown or cityBridge, KentCountryEnglandCoordinates51°14′27″N 1°08′28″E / 51.2409°N 1.1411°E / 51.2409; 1.1411Completed1768Renovated1910, by Joseph Sawyer (Palladian front piece)DesignationsGrade II* listedOther informationParkingYes Higham Park is a Grade II* listed[1] neoclassical style house and gardens, located at Bridge, Kent, 3 miles (4.8…
Jonida Maliqi beim ESC 2019 Jonida Maliqi (* 26. März 1983 in Tirana) ist eine albanische Sängerin. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Leben und Karriere 2 Diskografie 3 Weblinks 4 Einzelnachweise Leben und Karriere Geboren in der Hauptstadt Tirana, begann Maliqi ihre musikalische Karriere beim Festivali i Këngës 1995. Beim bedeutenden Musikfestival nahm sie als Zwölfjährige zusammen mit Aleksandër Rrapi und dem Lied Planeti i fëmijëve teil. Gewinnen konnten die beiden das Festival allerdings nicht. …
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