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List of nuclear research reactors

This article is about nuclear fission research reactors. For fusion research reactor lists, see List of nuclear reactors. For commercial power reactors, see List of commercial nuclear reactors and List of nuclear power stations.
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by editing the page to add missing items, with references to reliable sources.

This is an annotated list of all the nuclear fission-based nuclear research reactors in the world, sorted by country, with operational status. Some "research" reactors were built for the purpose of producing material for nuclear weapons.

Algeria

Main article: Nuclear energy in Algeria
Nuclear research reactors in Algeria
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
Nur Algiers Pool   Temporary shutdown 1,000 1989-03-24 Centre de Dévéloppement des Techniques Nucléaires  
Es Salam Aïn Oussera, Djelfa Heavy water   Operational 15,000 1992-02-17   Centre de Recherche Nucléaire de Birine (CRNB)  

Antarctica

Nuclear research reactors in Antarctica
Name Location Reactor type Purpose Status Capacity

(kW)

Construction start date Operation date Closure Operator and owner
PM-3A NNPU "Nukey Poo"[1] McMurdo Station Power reactor Shut down 1,800 1962 1972-09, fully dismantled 1979 US Navy

Argentina

See also: Nuclear power in Argentina
Nuclear research reactors in Argentina[2]
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
RA-10 Buenos Aires Pool Under construction 30,000 (late 2023) National Atomic Energy Commission
RA-4 Rosario Homog (S) Operational 0.00 1972-01-01 National University of Rosario
RA-2 Buenos Aires Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.03 1966-07-01 National Atomic Energy Commission
RA-8 San Carlos de Bariloche Crit assembly Temporary shutdown 0.01 1997-06-17 National Atomic Energy Commission
RA-1 Enrico Fermi Buenos Aires Tank Operational 40 1958-01-20 National Atomic Energy Commission
CAREM 25 Lima Pwr propulsion Under construction 100,000 National Atomic Energy Commission
RA-6 San Carlos de Bariloche Pool Operational 500 1982-09-23 National Atomic Energy Commission
RA-0 Córdoba Tank Operational 0.01 1965-01-01 National University of Córdoba
RA-3 Ezeiza Pool Operational 10,000 1967-05-17 National Atomic Energy Commission

Australia

See also: Nuclear power in Australia
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
OPAL Lucas Heights Pool See notes below table. Operational 20,000 2006-08-12 ANSTO LWR
CF Lucas Heights Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.00 1973-03-01 ANSTO (formerly Australian Atomic Energy Commission)
HIFAR Lucas Heights Heavy water Permanent shutdown 10,000 1958-01-26 2007-01-30 ANSTO (formerly Australian Atomic Energy Commission) DIDO class
MOATA Lucas Heights Argonaut Decommissioned 100 1961-04-01 2009 ANSTO (formerly Australian Atomic Energy Commission) Argonaut

Notes: The main uses of the current OPAL reactor are:

  • Irradiation of target materials to produce radioisotopes for medical and industrial applications
  • Research in the fields of materials science and structural biology using neutron beams and its sophisticated suite of experimental equipment
  • Analysis of minerals and samples using the neutron activation technique and the delay neutron activation technique
  • Irradiation of silicon ingots in order to dope them with phosphorus and produce the basic material used in the manufacturing of semiconductor devices

Austria

See also: Nuclear energy in Austria
Nuclear research reactors in Austria
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
ASTRA Vienna Pool Decommissioned 10,000 1960-09-24 1999 Austrian Research Centers at Seibersdorf
SAR-Graz Graz Argonaut Decommissioned 10 1965-05-17 2004 Reactor Institute of the Technical Universities in Graz
TRIGA II VIENNA Vienna TRIGA Mark II Operational 250 1962-03-07 Atomic Institute of the Austrian Universities in Vienna

Bangladesh

See also: Nuclear power in Bangladesh
Nuclear research reactors in Bangladesh
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
BTRR, BAEC TRIGA Research Reactor Savar, Dhaka TRIGA Mark II Operational 3,000 1986-09-14 Atomic Energy Research Establishment (Bangladesh)

Belarus

See also: Nuclear power in Belarus
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
IRT-M Minsk Sosny, Minsk Pool, irt Decommissioned 5000 1962-04-01 1988 IRT research reactor
Kristal Sosny, Minsk Crit assembly Extended shutdown 0  
YALINA-Thermal Sosny, Minsk Subcrit Operational 0 2000-01-01
Giacint Sosny, Minsk Crit assembly Operational 0 2009-01-01
YALINA-Booster Sosny, Minsk Subcrit Operational 0 2005-05-30
"Pamir" Sosny, Minsk Subcrit Shut down 1986 mobile nuclear power reactor test

Belgium

Main article: Nuclear energy in Belgium
  • GUINEVERE – fast, accelerator driven, lead-cooled reactor at SCK•CEN, Mol[3]
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
VENUS-F Mol Crit assembly Operational 0.10 1964-04-30 zero power critical facility, converted to GUINEVERE, at SCK•CEN, Mol[4]
BR-1 Mol Graphite Operational 1,000 1956-05-11 4MWt air-cooled, graphite moderated research reactor at SCK•CEN, Mol[5]
BR-2 Mol Tank in pool Operational 100,000 1961-06-29 125MWt water-cooled, beryllium moderated material testing research reactor at SCK•CEN, Mol[6]
MYRRHA Mol Fast Planned 85,000  
BR-3 Mol Pwr power Decommissioned 40,900 1962-08-29 11MWe PWR reactor (shut down and fully decommissioned) at SCK•CEN, Mol[7]
BR-02, Mock-up of BR2 Mol Pool Decommissioned 0.50 1959-12-01
THETIS RR-BN-1 Ghent Pool Decommissioned 250 1967-04-07 250kWt pool type reactor (shut down and fully decommissioned) at Ghent university (51°1′25.71″N 3°44′21.96″E / 51.0238083°N 3.7394333°E / 51.0238083; 3.7394333)[8][9][10]

Brazil

Main article: Nuclear power in Brazil
Nuclear research reactors in Brazil
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
Argonauta Rio de Janeiro Argonaut Operational 0.20 1965-02-20 - IEN - Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear
IEA-R1 São Paulo Pool Operational 6,000 1957-09-16 - IPEN - Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares
TRIGA IPR-R1 Belo Horizonte Pool (TRIGA Mark I) Education, research, training and production of radioisotopes Operational 100* 1960-11-06 - CDTN - Centro de Desenvolvimento de Tecnologia Nuclear *The expansion to 250 KW is in the licensing process, for which a new refrigeration system has been installed.
RMB - Reator Multipropósito Brasileiro Iperó(CTMSP - Centro Tecnológico da Marinha em São Paulo) Pool Operational 35,000 1978-05-21 - Amazul S.A.;

CNEN - Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear

IPEN/MB-01 São Paulo Pool Operational 0.10 1988-11-09 - IPEN - Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares

Bulgaria

Main article: Nuclear power in Bulgaria
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
IRT-Sofia Sofia Pool, irt Permanent shutdown 2,000 1961-09-18 2009 Bulgarian Academy of Sciences  

Canada

Main article: Nuclear power in Canada
Nuclear research reactors in Canada
Name Reactor type Status Capacity Operation date Closure Operator and owner Notes
MAPLE 1 Medical isotope production reactor Finished; never entered service 2000 2008 Chalk River Laboratories Incomplete commissioning, never completed testing. However, criticality was achieved[11]
MAPLE 2 Medical isotope production reactor Finished; never entered service 2003 2008 Chalk River Laboratories Incomplete commissioning, never completed testing. However, criticality was achieved[11]
NRU Heavy water cooled/moderated[12] Shut down 135 MW 1957 2018[13] Chalk River Laboratories
NRX Heavy water moderated, light water cooled[12] Shut down 42 MW 1947 1993 Chalk River Laboratories One of the highest flux reactors in the world until shut down
SLOWPOKE-1 prototype Pool Type Shut down 5 kW Chalk River Laboratories, University of Toronto The prototype was moved to the University of Toronto in 1971
PTR Pool type Shut down 1990 Chalk River Laboratories
ZED-2 Operational 200 Wth 1960 Chalk River Laboratories
ZEEP Heavy water Shut down 0 1945 1973 Chalk River Laboratories The first nuclear reactor in Canada, and first outside the United States
WR-1 Organically cooled CANDU Shut down 1965[14] 1985 Whiteshell Laboratories Coolant leak of 2,739 litres in Nov. 1978.[15]
SLOWPOKE-3 demonstration Pool type Shut down 2 MWth 1987[14] 1989[14] Whiteshell Laboratories
SLOWPOKE-2 Pool type Shut down 0 1981 2017 (start of decommissioning)[16] Saskatchewan Research Council On 17 January 2018, the reactor surpassed 20,000 hours of operation.
SLOWPOKE-2 Pool type Shut down 20 kW 1984[14] 1989 Nordion
SLOWPOKE-2 prototype Pool type Shut down 20 kW 1971[14] Tunney's Pasture
SLOWPOKE-2 Pool type Shut down 20 kW 1976[14] Dalhousie University
SLOWPOKE-2 Pool type Operational 0 1976 École Polytechnique de Montréal
McMaster Nuclear Reactor SLOWPOKE-2 pool type Operational 5 MWth 1959 McMaster University
SLOWPOKE-2 Pool type Operational 20 kW 1985 Royal Military College
SLOWPOKE-2 Pool type Shut down 20 kW 1977[14] 2017 University of Alberta
SLOWPOKE-2 Pool type Shut down 20 kW 1976[14] 2001 University of Toronto Rebuilt from SLOWPOKE-1
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
Ecole Polytechnique Subcritical Assembly Montreal Subcrit Decommissioned 0.00 1974-01-01
SLOWPOKE-2, Kanata Ottawa Slowpoke-2 Decommissioned 20 1984-06-06
PTR Chalk River Pool Decommissioned 0.10 1957-11-01
SLOWPOKE-2, Halifax Halifax Slowpoke-2 Decommissioned 20 1976-07-08
WR-1 Pinawa Heavy water Under decommissioning 60,000 1965-11-01
SLOWPOKE-2, Toronto Toronto Slowpoke-2 Decommissioned 20 1971-06-05
SLOWPOKE, Alberta Edmonton Slowpoke-2 Under decommissioning 20 1977-04-22
ZEEP Chalk River Heavy water Decommissioned 0.00 1945-09-01
SLOWPOKE-2, RMC Kingston Slowpoke-2 Operational 20 1985-09-06
NRU Chalk River Heavy water Permanent shutdown 135,000 1957-11-03
MAPLE 1 Chalk River Tank in pool Permanent shutdown 10,000  
MAPLE 2 Chalk River Tank in pool Permanent shutdown 10,000  
NRX Chalk River Heavy water Permanent shutdown 42,000 1947-07-22
SLOWPOKE-2, Montreal Montreal Slowpoke-2 Operational 20 1976-05-01
SRC SLOWPOKE, Saskatchewan Saskatoon Slowpoke-2 Permanent shutdown 20 1981-03-01
SDR SLOWPOKE Demo Reactor Pinawa Heating prot Decommissioned 2,000 1987-07-15
ZED-2 Chalk River Tank Operational 0.20 1960-09-07
MNR McMaster University Hamilton Pool, mtr Operational 3,000 1959-04-04

Chile

Main article: Nuclear energy in Chile
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
RECH-1 Santiago Pool Operational 5,000 1974-10-13 Chilean Nuclear Energy Commission (CChEN)
RECH-2 Santiago Pool Extended shutdown 2,000 1989-09-06 Chilean Nuclear Energy Commission (CChEN) Pool-type reactor, 10 MW MTR – Comisión Chilena de Energía Nuclear, Santiago (criticality 1977, refurbished 1989), currently in extended shutdown[17]

China

Main article: Nuclear power in China
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
MNSR IAE Beijing Mnsr Operational 27 1984-03-10
IHNI-1 Beijing Mnsr Operational 30 2009-12-07
ZPR Fast Beijing Crit fast Extended shutdown 0.05 1970-06-29
MNSR-SH Shanghai Mnsr Decommissioned 30 1991-12-18
MNSR-SD Jinan Mnsr Decommissioned 33 1989-05-01
HWRR-II Beijing Heavy water Under decommissioning 15,000 1958-09-01
VENUS-1 Beijing Subcrit Operational 0.00 2005-07-18
CARR Beijing Tank in pool Operational 60,000 2010-05-13
CEFR Beijing Fast breeder Operational 65,000 2010-07-21 Chinese experimental fast reactor (65 MW, 20 MWe, sodium cooled fast-spectrum neutron reactor). Located at CIAE Beijing, construction started May 2000, first criticality July 2010.
MNSR-SZ Shenzhen Mnsr Operational 30 1988-11-01
SPR IAE Beijing Pool Operational 3,500 1964-12-20
CMRR (China Mianyang Research Reactor) Mianyang Pool Operational 20,000 2013-09-01
HTR-10 Beijing High temp gas Operational 10,000 2000-12-21
MJTR Chengdu Pool Operational 5,000 1991-03-02
ESR-901 Beijing Pool-2 Cores Operational 1,000 1964-10-01
NHR-5 Beijing Heating Prot Operational 5,000 1989-11-03
SPRR-300 Chengdu Pool Operational 3,000 1979-06-28
HFETR Critical Chengdu Crit assembly Operational 0.00 1979-06-20
PPR PULSING Chengdu Pool, uzrh Operational 1,000 1990-08-01
HFETR Chengdu Tank Operational 125,000 1979-12-27
Zero Power Reactor Chengdu Crit assembly Permanent shutdown 0.00 1966-01-01
TMSR-SF1 Shanghai Experimental Planned 10,000  
TMSR-LF1 Shanghai Experimental Planned 2,000  
TFHR Thorium Pebble Bed Shanghai Experimental Planned 2,000  

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Main article: Regional Center for Nuclear Studies
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
TRICO II Kinshasa Triga Mark II Extended shutdown 1,000 1972-03-24 CREN-K University of Kinshasa Extended shutdown since 2004[18]
TRICO I Kinshasa Triga Mark I Permanent shutdown 50 1959-06-06 1970; CREN-K University of Kinshasa

Czech Republic

Main article: Nuclear power in the Czech Republic
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
VR-1 Prague Pool Training reactor Operational 0.50 1990-03-12   Czech Technical University  
VR-2 Prague Subcrit Operational 0.00 2023-07-06
LVR-15 Řež Tank wwr Operational 10,000 1957-09-24 A VVR-SM type reactor
SR-0 Plzeň Pool Decommissioned 1.00 1971-01-01
TR-0 Řež Tank Decommissioned 0.30 1972-01-01
LR-0 Řež Pool - Variable Core Operational 5 1982-12-19

Denmark

Main article: Nuclear energy in Denmark
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
DR-3 Roskilde Heavy water Under decommissioning 10,000 1960-01-16 Risø DIDO class experimental reactor (shut down permanently in 2000)
DR-2 Roskilde Pool Decommissioned 5,000 1958-12-18 1975
DR-1 Roskilde Homog (L) Decommissioned 2 1957-08-15 2001

Egypt

Main article: Nuclear program of Egypt
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
ETRR-1 Cairo Tank wwr Extended shutdown 2,000 1961-02-08 Nuclear Research Center at Inshas
ETRR-2 Cairo Pool Operational 22,000 1997-11-27 Nuclear Research Center at Inshas Built by Argentine INVAP

Estonia

  • Paldiski – 2 PWR naval training reactors (dismantled)

Finland

Main article: Nuclear power in Finland
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
FiR 1 Espoo TRIGA Mark II Under decommissioning 250 1962-03-27 2015 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
SCA Helsinki Subcrit Decommissioned 0.00 1963-07-30

France

Main article: Nuclear power in France

Working:

Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
Jules Horowitz Reactor Saint-Paul-les-Durance Tank in pool Under construction 100,000  
Orphee Saclay Nuclear Research Centre, Gif-sur-Yvette Pool Permanent shutdown 14,000 1980-12-19 Saclay Nuclear Research Centre
Minerve Saint-Paul-lès-Durance Pool Under decommissioning 0.10 1959-09-29
Éole Saint-Paul-lès-Durance Tank in pool Under decommissioning 1.00 1965-12-02
Aquilon Gif-sur-Yvette Crit fast Decommissioned 0.10 1956-08-11
Osiris Gif-sur-Yvette Pool Under decommissioning 70,000 1966-09-08
Ulysse Gif-sur-Yvette Argonaut Under decommissioning 100 1961-07-27
Silene Dijon Homog (L) Permanent shutdown 1.00 1974-01-01
Mirene Dijon Homog (L) Decommissioned 0.00 1975-01-01
Strasbourg-Cronenbourg Strasbourg Argonaut Decommissioned 100 1966-11-22
Pegase Saint-Paul-lès-Durance Tank Permanent shutdown 30,000 1963-04-01
EL-2 Saclay Tank Decommissioned 2,500 1952-01-01
Zoé (EL1) Fontenay-aux-Roses Heavy water Decommissioned 150 1948-12-15 The first French nuclear reactor (1948)
Scarabee Cadarache Pool Decommissioned 100,000 1982-01-01
Phebus Aix-en-Provence Pool Under decommissioning 38,000 1978-08-09
Cabri Saint-Paul-lès-Durance Pool Operational 25,000 1963-01-01
ILL High Flux Reactor Grenoble Heavy water Operational 58,300 1971-07-01 Institut Laue-Langevin Réacteur à Haut Flux (RHF), currently the world's most intense source of neutrons and the source of the most intense neutron flux
Masurca Saint-Paul-lès-Durance Crit fast Temporary shutdown 5 1966-12-14
Isis Saclay Nuclear Research Centre, Gif-sur-Yvette Pool Operational 700 1966-04-28 Saclay Nuclear Research Centre
Harmonie Saint-Paul-lès-Durance Tank Decommissioned 1.00 1965-08-01
Rapsodie Cadarache Fast, power Under decommissioning 40,000 1963-01-01
Siloette Grenoble Pool Decommissioned 100 1964-02-01
Cesar Saint-Paul-les-Durance Crit assembly Decommissioned 10 1964-12-01
EL 4 Carhaix-Plouguer Heavy water Under decommissioning 267,000 1966-12-01
Siloe Grenoble Pool Decommissioned 35,000 1963-03-18
Nereide Fontenay-aux-Roses Pool Decommissioned 500 1960-09-15
Marius Saint-Paul-les-Durance Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.40 1960-01-01
Triton Fontenay-aux-Roses Pool Decommissioned 6,500 1959-06-29
Melusine Grenoble Pool Decommissioned 8,000 1958-07-01
EL 3 Saclay Heavy water Decommissioned 18,000 1957-01-01
Proserpine Gif-sur-Yvette Homog (L) Decommissioned 0.00 1958-03-17
Alecto Gif-sur-Yvette Homog (L) Decommissioned 0.00 1961-01-01
Peggy Saint-Paul-les-Durance Crit assembly Decommissioned 1.00 1961-06-01
Alizee Gif-sur-Yvette Crit assembly Permanent shutdown 0.10 1959-06-18
RNG New Generation Reactor Saint-Paul-les-Durance Bwr-prototype Permanent shutdown 120,000 1975-11-24
PHENIX Marcoule Fast breeder Under decommissioning 563,000 1973-08-31
G-1 Bagnols-sur-Cèze Graphite pile Under decommissioning 46,000 1956-01-07
Rachel Dijon Crit fast Decommissioned 0.10 1961-04-01
Rubeole Gif-sur-Yvette Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.10 1959-07-03

Georgia

Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
IRT-M Tbilisi Tbilisi Pool, irt Decommissioned 8,000 1959-10-01

Germany

Main article: Nuclear power in Germany
  • AKR II – Ausbildungskernreaktor II, Technische Universität Dresden; rating: 2 W, commissioned 2005
  • AVR – Arbeitsgemeinschaft Versuchsreaktor, Forschungszentrum Jülich; rating: 15 MW, commissioned 1969; closed 1988
  • BER II – Berliner-Experimentier-Reaktor II, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie; rating: 10 MW, commissioned 1990, closed 2019
  • FRG-1 (see GKSS Research Center) – Geesthacht; rating: 5 MW, commissioned 1958, closed 2010
  • FRM II – Technische Universität München; rating: 20 MW, commissioned 2004
  • FRMZ – TRIGA of the University of Mainz, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry; continuous rating: 0.10 MW, pulse rating for 30ms: 250 MW; commissioned 1965
  • FR2 - Forschungsreaktor 2; rating: 44 MW; commissioned 1957; closed: 1981
  • SUR-FW "Neutron"; Hochschule Furtwangen University; type Siemens-Unterrichtsreaktor SUR-100; rating: 0.1 W; commissioned 1973
  • SUR-S; University of Stuttgart; type Siemens-Unterrichtsreaktor SUR-100; rating: 0.1 W; commissioned 1964
  • SUR-U; Ulm University of Applied Sciences; type Siemens-Unterrichtsreaktor SUR-100; rating: 0.1 W; commissioned 1965

Planned

  • Wyhl, planned nuclear plant that was never built because of long-time resistance by the local population and environmentalists.
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
FRM II Garching Pool neutron physics Temporary shutdown 20,000 2004-03-02 - Technische Universität München plans to restart in late 2025 after a five-year shutdown due to technical issues, pandemic delays, and legal disputes
FRM Garching Pool neutron physics Under decommissioning 4,000 1957-10-31 2000-07-28 Technische Universität München Germany's first research reactor
RFR Dresden / Rossendorf Tank wwr Material testing and research, neutron irradiation Decommissioned 10,000 1957-12-16 1991 Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
SUR Hannover Hanover Homog (S) Training and education in nuclear technology Decommissioned 0.00 1971-12-09 Hanover University
BER-II Berlin Pool Basic research with neutron beams, isotope production Permanent shutdown 10,000 1973-12-09 2019 Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
FRMZ Mainz Triga Mark Ii Basic nuclear physics research, study of short-lived radionuclides Operational 100 1965-08-03 - Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
ANEX Munich Crit assembly Experimental nuclear physics, subcritical assembly for research Decommissioned 0.10 1964-05-01 Technische Universität München
FRF-1 Frankfurt am Main Homog Basic research, neutron irradiation Decommissioned 50 1958-01-01 1982 University of Frankfurt
SAR Munich Argonaut Training and research, Argonaut-type reactor for education Decommissioned 1.00 1959-06-01 Siemens
BER-I Berlin Homog (L) Basic research, predecessor to BER-II Decommissioned 50 1958-07-24 1971 Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
TRIGA HD I Heidelberg Triga Mark I Research and training, medical isotope production Decommissioned 250 1966-08-01 1977 University of Heidelberg
ZLFR Zittau Tank Training and education, zero-power reactor for teaching Decommissioned 0.01 1979-05-25 2005 Zittau/Görlitz University of Applied Sciences
AKR-2 Dresden Homog (S) Training, teaching, and research in nuclear engineering Operational 0.00 1978-07-28 - Technical University of Dresden
RAKE Dresden/Rossendorf Tank Critical assembly for research on reactor physics Decommissioned 0.01 1969-10-03 1991 Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
RRR Dresden/Rossendorf Argonaut Research on reactor physics and materials Decommissioned 1.00 1962-12-16 1991 Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
STARK Karlsruhe Argonaut Static critical assembly for reactor physics experiments Decommissioned 0.01 1963-01-01 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
FRF-2 Frankfurt am Main Triga conv Basic research, neutron irradiation Decommissioned 1,000 1977-10-01 1982 University of Frankfurt
SUR Furtwangen Furtwangen im Schwarzwald Homog (S) Training and education in radiation measurement and nuclear technology Operational 0.00 1973-03-28 - Furtwangen University
KAHTER Jülich Crit assembly Critical assembly for high-temperature reactor research Decommissioned 0.10 1973-07-02 1988 Forschungszentrum Jülich
KEITER Jülich Crit assembly Critical assembly for reactor physics experiments Decommissioned 0.00 1971-06-15 1988 Forschungszentrum Jülich
FRH Hanover Triga Mark I Research and training Decommissioned 250 1973-01-31 University of Hanover
AEG Nullenergie Reaktor Karlstein am Main Tank Zero-power reactor for training and reactor physics experiments Decommissioned 0.10 1967-06-01 1985 AEG
ADIBKA (L77A) Jülich Homog (L) Adiabatic critical assembly for reactor physics research Decommissioned 0.10 1967-03-18 1988 Forschungszentrum Jülich
SUR Bremen Bremen Homog (S) Training and education in nuclear technology Decommissioned 0.00 1967-10-10 Bremen University
SUR Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Homog (S) Training and education in nuclear technology Decommissioned 0.00 1966-03-07 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
SUR Ulm Ulm Homog (S) Training and education in nuclear technology Operational 0.00 1965-12-01 - Ulm University of Applied Sciences
SUR Kiel Kiel Homog (S) Training and education in nuclear technology Decommissioned 0.00 1966-03-29 Kiel University
SUR Hamburg Hamburg Homog (S) Training and education in nuclear technology Decommissioned 0.00 1965-01-06 Hamburg University of Applied Sciences
SUR Aachen Aachen Homog (S) Training and education in nuclear technology Permanent shutdown 0.00 1965-09-22 RWTH Aachen University
NS Otto Hahn Geesthacht Pwr propulsion Research on nuclear propulsion for ships Decommissioned 38,000 1968-08-26 1979 GKSS Research Center
SNEAK Karlsruhe Homog (S) Critical assemblies for fast reactor tests Decommissioned 0.00 1966-12-01 1995 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology series SNEAK-1 to SNEAK-10
TRIGA HD II Heidelberg Triga Mark I Research and training, medical isotope production Decommissioned 250 1978-02-28 1999 University of Heidelberg
SUR Stuttgart Stuttgart Homog (S) Training and education in nuclear technology Operational 0.00 1964-04-24 - University of Stuttgart
FRG-2 Geesthacht Pool Material test reactor, irradiation tests for nuclear components Under decommissioning 15,000 1963-03-15 1993 Helmholtz Centre Hereon
SUR Munich Munich Homog (S) Training and education in nuclear technology Decommissioned 0.00 1962-02-01 Technical University of Munich
PR-10 AEG Prüfreaktor Karlstein am Main Argonaut Test reactor for nuclear engineering experiments Decommissioned 0.18 1961-01-01 1985 AEG
FRJ-1 (MERLIN) Jülich Pool, heavy water Used for material irradiation Decommissioned 10,000 1962-02-24 1985 Forschungszentrum Jülich
FRJ-2 (DIDO) Jülich Heavy water Prototype for material testing Under decommissioning 23,000 1962-11-14 1983 Forschungszentrum Jülich
FRG-1 Geesthacht Pool Research on nuclear ship propulsion, material research, isotope production Under decommissioning 5,000 1958-10-23 2010 Helmholtz Centre Hereon
SUR Berlin Berlin Homog (S) Training and education in nuclear technology Decommissioned 0.00 1963-07-01 Technical University of Berlin
SUAK Karlsruhe Subcrit Subcritical assembly for reactor physics research Decommissioned 0.00 1964-11-20 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
SUR Darmstadt Darmstadt Homog (S) Training and education in nuclear technology Decommissioned 0.00 1963-09-01 Technical University of Darmstadt
SUA Munich Subcrit Decommissioned 0.00 1959-06-01 Technical University of Munich
FR-2 Karlsruhe Tank Prototype boiling reactor Under decommissioning 44,000 1961-03-07 1981 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
FRN Munich Triga Mark Iii Isotope generation, beamline experiments in medical/biological research Under decommissioning 1,000 1972-08-23 1982 Helmholtz Zentrum München
FMRB Braunschweig Pool Research and measurement reactor for neutron experiments Under decommissioning 1,000 1967-10-03 1995 Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt

Ghana

Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
GHARR-1 Accra Mnsr Operational 30 1994-12-17

Greece

Main article: Nuclear energy in Greece
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
Demokritos (GRR-1) Athens Pool Extended shutdown 5,000 1961-07-27 Demokritos National Centre for Scientific Research ;[19][20]
NTU Athens Subcrit Permanent shutdown 0.10 1970-10-10
GR-B Subcritical Assembly Thessaloniki Subcrit Operational 0.00 1971-08-04

Hungary

Main article: Nuclear energy in Hungary
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
Budapest Research Reactor Budapest Tank wwr Operational 10,000 1959-03-25 KFKI Atomic Energy Research Institute (see KFKI Archived 25 June 2014 at the Wayback Machine) – (10 MW VVR-SM Budapest Research Reactor)
Nuclear Training Reactor Budapest Pool Operational 100 1971-05-22 Technical University of Budapest (BME) Institute of Nuclear Techniques – University Research Reactor
ZR-6M NA Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.00 1972-11-28

India

Main article: Nuclear power in India
  • Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC) – Trombay
    • Apsara reactor – Asia's first nuclear reactor. 1 MW, pool type, light water moderated, enriched uranium fuel supplied by France
    • CIRUS reactor – 40 MW, supplied by Canada, heavy water moderated, uses natural uranium fuel
    • Dhruva reactor – 100 MW, heavy water moderated, uses natural uranium fuel
    • Purnima series
  • Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research (IGCAR) – Kalpakkam
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
PURNIMA-III Mumbai Tank Decommissioned 0.00 1990-09-11
Apsara Mumbai Pool Decommissioned 1,000 1956-08-04
Apsara-U Mumbai Pool Operational 2,000 2018-09-10
High Flux RR Visakhapatnam Pool Planned 40,000  
Critical Facility for AHWR and PHWR Mumbai Tank Operational 0.10 2008-04-07
Dhruva Mumbai Heavy water Operational 100,000 1985-08-08
CIRUS Mumbai Heavy water Permanent shutdown 40,000 1960-07-10
KAMINI Kalpakkam U-233 fuelled Operational 30 1996-10-29
FBTR Kalpakkam Fast breeder Operational 40,000 1985-10-18
PURNIMA-II Mumbai Homog (L) Decommissioned 0.01 1984-05-10
PURNIMA Mumbai Fast Decommissioned 0.00 1972-05-01
ZERLINA Kalpakkam Tank Decommissioned 0.10 1961-01-01
Thermal RR Visakhapatnam Pool Planned 125,000  

Indonesia

Main article: Nuclear power in Indonesia
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
RSG-GAS South Tangerang Pool, mtr Operational 30,000 1987-07-29 SIWABESSY 30MWh Multi-Purpose Reactor (installed 1987)
KARTINI-PSTA Sleman TRIGA Mark II Operational 100 1979-01-25
TRIGA Mark II, Bandung Bandung TRIGA Mark II Operational 2,000 1964-10-19 2MW installed 1997

Iran

Main article: Nuclear program of Iran
  • Tehran – AMF reactor at Tehran Nuclear Research Center (supplied by USA, 1967)
  • Isfahan, Nuclear Technology Center (mainly supplied by China[21])
    • MNSR – 27 kW miniature neutron source reactor
    • light water subcritical reactor (LWSCR)
    • heavy water zero power reactor (HWZPR)
    • graphite subcritical reactor (GSCR)
  • Arak – IR-40 heavy water-moderated reactor (under construction, planned commissioning 2014)
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
ENTC LWSCR Isfahan Subcrit Operational 0.00 1992-01-01
Tehran Research Reactor (TRR) Tehran Pool Operational 5,000 1967-11-01
ENTC HWZPR Isfahan Crit assembly Operational 0.10 1995-06-01
ENTC MNSR Isfahan Mnsr Operational 30 1994-03-01
ENTC GSCR Isfahan Subcrit Decommissioned 0.00 1992-01-01

Iraq

Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
TAMMUZ-1 Baghdad Pool Permanent shutdown 40,000 1987-03-01 40 MW thermal tank-pool research reactor(OSIRIS reactor). Destroyed in Operation Scorch Sword and Operation Opera (Supplied, fueled and serviced by France.[22])
TAMMUZ-2 Baghdad Pool Permanent shutdown 500 1987-03-01 500 KW ISIS neutron modelling module. Destroyed in Operation Desert Storm and Operation Iraqi Liberation (Supplied, fueled and serviced by France.[22])
IRT-5000 Baghdad Pool, irt Permanent shutdown 5,000 1967-01-01 Destroyed in Operation Desert Storm and Operation Iraqi Liberation (supplied by The Soviet Union[22])

Note: Tamuz-1 and Tamuz-2 are parts of the same French nuclear research complex design, the OSIRIS research complex. All three reactors were located at the same site.[23] [24]

Israel

Main article: Nuclear energy in Israel
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
IRR-1 Yavne Pool Operational 5,000 1960-06-16 Soreq Nuclear Research Center 5 MW light water research reactor (supplied by USA, operational 1960)
IRR-2 Yavne Heavy water Operational 26,000 1963-12-01 Negev Nuclear Research Center EL-102 uranium/heavy water research reactor, 50-75 MWt (supplied by France, operational 1964, not under IAEA safeguards)

Italy

See also: Nuclear power in Italy
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
RSV TAPIRO Rome Fast source Operational 5 1971-04-04
RANA Rome Pool Decommissioned 10 1965-02-15
RB-3 Bologna Zero power D2O Decommissioned 0.10 1971-08-09
TRIGA RC-1 Rome Triga Mark Ii Operational 1,000 1960-06-11
LENA, TRIGA II PAVIA Pavia Triga Mark Ii Operational 250 1965-11-15
ISPRA-1 Ispra Heavy water Permanent shutdown 5,000 1959-03-24
SM-1 Subcritical Assembly Pavia Subcrit Operational 0.00 1961-01-01
ROSPO 2 Rome Pool Decommissioned 0.20 1963-01-01
Struttura Sottocritica Padua Subcrit Decommissioned 0.00 1962-01-01
L-54M Milan Homog (L) Under decommissioning 50 1959-11-20
RB-2 Bologna Argonaut Decommissioned 10 1963-05-28
AGN-201 Costanza Palermo Homog (S) Operational 0.02 1960-02-12
RITMO Reactor (RC-4) Rome Pool Decommissioned 0.01 1965-07-08
Galileo Galilei RTS-1 Pisa Pool Decommissioned 5,000 1963-04-04
RB-1 Bologna Crit graphite Decommissioned 20 1962-07-01
Avogadro RS-1 Saluggia Pool, mtr Decommissioned 5,000 1959-09-10
ECO (Orgel Critical Experiment) Ispra Crit fast Under decommissioning 2 1965-11-01
ESSOR Nuclear Plant Ispra Heavy water Under decommissioning 43,000 1967-03-19

Jamaica

Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
UWI CNS SLOWPOKE Mona SLOWPOKE-2 reactor Operational 20 1984-03-13

Japan

See also: Nuclear power in Japan
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
TCA Tank Critical Assembly Tōkai, Ibaraki Crit assembly Under decommissioning 0.20 1962-08-23 Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
FCA Tōkai, Ibaraki Crit fast Under decommissioning 2 1967-04-29 Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
TRACY Tōkai, Ibaraki Pulsing Under decommissioning 10 1995-12-20 Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
STACY Tōkai, Ibaraki Crit assembly Temporary shutdown 0.20 1995-02-23 Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
JMTR Oarai Tank Permanent shutdown 50,000 1968-03-30 Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
Toshiba NCA Kawasaki Crit assembly Temporary shutdown 0.20 1963-12-11
JRR-4 Tokai Mura Pool Under decommissioning 3,500 1965-01-28 Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
JOYO Oarai Fast, Na cooled Temporary shutdown 140,000 1977-04-24 Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
KUR Osaka Tank Operational 5,000 1964-06-25
KUCA Osaka Crit assembly Operational 0.10 1974-08-06
HTTR Oarai High temp gas Operational 30,000 1998-10-11 Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
JRR-3 Tōkai, Ibaraki Heavy water Decommissioned 10,000 1962-01-01 Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
NSRR Tōkai, Ibaraki Triga Acpr Operational 300 1975-06-30
YAYOI Tokyo Fast source Under decommissioning 2 1971-04-10
DCA Tokyo Crit assembly Under decommissioning 1.00 1969-12-28
JMTRC NA Pool Decommissioned 0.10 1965-10-01
Musashi Reactor Tokyo Triga Mark Ii Under decommissioning 100 1963-01-30
JRR-3M Tokai Pool Operational 20,000 1990-03-22
TTR Tokyo Pool Under decommissioning 100 1962-03-13
HTR Tokyo Pool Under decommissioning 100 1961-12-25
TRIGA-II Rikkyo Yokosuka TRIGA Mark II Under decommissioning 100 1961-12-08
UTR KINKI Osaka Argonaut Operational 0.00 1961-11-11
JRR-2 Tōkai, Ibaraki Tank Under decommissioning 10,000 1960-10-01 Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
VHTRC Tōkai, Ibaraki Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.01 1985-05-13 Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
OCF Ozenji Critical Facility Kawasaki Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.10 1962-10-01
MCF Saitama Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.20 1969-08-01
JRR-1 Tōkai, Ibaraki Homog (L) Decommissioned 60 1957-08-27 Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) Japan Research Unit No. 1, shut down
SCA Tōkai, Ibaraki Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.20 1966-08-01 Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
AHCF Tōkai, Ibaraki Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.01 1961-01-01 Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)

Jordan

Main article: Nuclear energy in Jordan
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
JRTR Amman Tank in pool Operational 5,000 2016-04-25 Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST) – Ar Ramtha Jordan's first nuclear reactor, 5 MW research reactor, supplied by South Korea, first critical 2015, operational 2016.[44]
JSA - Jordan Subcritical Assembly Amman Subcrit Operational 0.00 2013-06-07 Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST) – Ar Ramtha  

Kazakhstan

Main article: Nuclear energy in Kazakhstan
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
IGR Kurchatov Graphite, pulse Operational 0.00 1960-06-01 National Nuclear Center, Semipalatinsk Test Site (Impulse Graphite Reactor)
WWR-K Almaty Almaty Pool Operational 6,000 1967-10-22 Institute of Nuclear Physics of the National Nuclear Center VVR-K – 10 MWe reactor[citation needed]
RA Kurchatov Tank Permanent shutdown 500 1987-01-01 National Nuclear Center, Semipalatinsk Test Site zirconium hydride moderated reactor (dismantled)
IVG.1M Kurchatov Pwr Operational 35,000 1972-09-19 National Nuclear Center, Semipalatinsk Test Site
WWR-K CF Almaty Crit assembly Operational 0.10 1972-12-01 Institute of Nuclear Physics of the National Nuclear Center

Latvia

Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
SRR Salaspils Research Reactor Salaspils Pool Under decommissioning 5,000 1961-09-26 Salaspils, Nuclear Research Center
RKS-25 Salaspils Pool Permanent shutdown 0.03 1966-09-15 Salaspils, Nuclear Research Center

Libya

Main article: Nuclear energy in Libya
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
IRT-1 Tajoura Pool, irt Temporary shutdown 10,000 1981-08-28 Tajura Nuclear Research Center, REWDRC (see [1]) – 10 MW research reactor (supplied by the USSR)
TNRC Critical Facility Tajoura Crit assembly Operational 0.10  

Malaysia

Main article: Nuclear energy in Malaysia
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
TRIGA Puspati (RTP) Kajang, Kuala Lumpur TRIGA Mark II Operational 1,000 1982-06-28 Malaysian Institute of Nuclear Technology Research

Mexico

Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
Nuclear Chicago Mod 9000 Mexico City Subcrit Operational 0.00 1969-01-01 National Polytechnic Institute "Nuclear-Chicago Modelo 9000" subcritical research reactor[45][46]
Chicago Modelo 9000 Zacatecas Subcrit Extended shutdown 0.00 1969-05-14 Autonomous University of Zacatecas
TRIGA Mark III La Marquesa Ocoyoacac TRIGA Mark III Operational 1,000 1968-11-08 National Institute for Nuclear Research
SUR-100 UNAM Mexico City Homog (S) Decommissioned 0.00 1972-09-22

Morocco

Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
MA-R1 Rabat TRIGA Mark II Operational 2,000 2007-05-02

Netherlands

Main article: Nuclear energy in the Netherlands
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
HOR Delft Pool Operational 2,300 1963-04-25 Reactor Institute Delft, part of Delft University of Technology
HFR Petten Tank in pool Operational 45,000 1961-11-09 Owned: JRC Petten
Operated: NRG 		[47]
PALLAS Petten Na Planned 0.00   Owned: JRC Petten
Operated: NRG
LFR Schagen Argonaut Under decommissioning 30 1960-09-28 2010 Owned: JRC Petten
Operated: NRG
KRITO Petten Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.10 1963-03-29 Owned: JRC Petten
Operated: NRG
BARN Wageningen Pool Decommissioned 100 1963-04-01 1980 Wageningen University
ATHENE Eindhoven Argonaut Decommissioned 10 1969-02-03 1973 Eindhoven University of Technology
KSTR Arnhem Aqueous breeder Decommissioned 1,000 1974-05-22 2003 KEMA
Delphi Delft Subcrit Operational 0.00   Reactor Institute Delft, part of Delft University of Technology

Nigeria

Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
NIRR-1 Zaria Mnsr Operational 30 2004-02-03
Multipurpose Research Reactor Abuja Pool Operational 10,000 2010-06-15

North Korea

Further information: Nuclear power in North Korea
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal Power [kW] Operation Date Closure Date Owner and Operator Notes
IRT-2000 Yongbyon Heavy-water moderated research reactor Operating 8,000 1965 (supplied by USSR, 1965), 8 MW (2 MW 1965–1974, 4 MW 1974–1986), Not under IAEA safeguards
Yongbyon 1 Yongbyon Magnox Shut down 5,000 1987 2007 5 MWe Magnox reactor, provides power and district heating (active 1987–1994, reactivated 2003, and shut-down in July 2007), Not under IAEA safeguards

Norway

Main article: Nuclear energy in Norway
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
JEEP II Kjeller Tank Permanent shutdown 2,000 1966-12-01 2018 Institute for Energy Technology (IFE)
HBWR (Halden boiling water reactor) Halden Heavy water Permanent shutdown 20,000 1959-06-29 2018 Institute for Energy Technology (IFE)
NORA Kjeller Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.05 1961-01-01 1967 Institute for Energy Technology (IFE)
JEEP I Kjeller Heavy water Decommissioned 450 1951-06-01 1967 Institute for Energy Technology (IFE)

Pakistan

Main article: Nuclear power in Pakistan

Under IAEA safeguards

Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
PARR-2 Islamabad Mnsr Operational 30 1989-11-02 PINSTECH
PARR I Islamabad Pool Operational 10,000 1965-12-21 PINSTECH

Not under IAEA safeguards

Reactor Type MW Location Status
Khushab-I HWR Classified. Estimated: 50-70. Khushab Operational since 1998
Khushab-II HWR Classified Khushab Operational since 2010
Khushab-III HWR Classified Khushab Under construction
Khushab-IV HWR Classified Khushab Under construction[48]

Panama

Peru

Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
RP-10 Lima Pool Operational 10,000 1988-11-30 10 MW pool-type material test reactor, located in Huarangal built by Argentine INVAP. First criticality in 1989.[49]
RP-0 Lima Crit assembly Operational 0.00 1978-07-20 1 W critical assembly, located in Lima, built by Argentine INVAP. First criticality in 1978.[46]

Philippines

Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
PRR-1 Quezon City Subcrit Operational 0.00   3 MW TRIGA-converted reactor, Quezon City. Managed by the Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (formerly Philippine Atomic Energy Commission). 1st criticality in August 1963, reactor conversion in March 1984, criticality after conversion in April 1988, shut down since 1988 for pool repairs, on extended shutdown at present.

Poland

Main article: Nuclear energy in Poland
  • Ewa reactor - 10 MW VVR-SM research reactor (dismantled in 1995)
  • Maria reactor - 30 MW research reactor
  • Anna reactor - 10 kW research reactor (dismantled)
  • Agata reactor - 10 W zero-power research reactor (dismantled)
  • Maryla reactor - 100 W zero-power research reactor (dismantled)
  • UR-100 reactor - 100 kW training reactor (dismantled)
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
MARIA Otwock Pool Operational 30,000 1974-12-18 National Center for Nuclear Research
HELENA Otwock Subcrit Decommissioned 0.00 1963-09-02
AGATA Otwock Pool Decommissioned 0.10 1973-05-05
PANNA Otwock Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.10 1963-01-01
MARYLA Otwock Pool Decommissioned 100 1963-12-29
EWA Otwock Tank wwr Under decommissioning 10,000 1958-06-14

Portugal

Main article: Nuclear energy in Portugal
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
RPI Lisbon Pool Permanent shutdown 1,000 1961-04-25 Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear

Puerto Rico

Romania

Main article: Nuclear energy in Romania
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
TRIGA II Pitești - SS Core Pitești Triga Ddal core Operational 14,000 1980-02-02
TRIGA II Pitești - Pulsed Pitești Triga dual core Operational 500 1980-02-02
HELEN Bucharest Subcrit Decommissioned 0.00 1969-01-01
VVR-S Bucharest Bucharest Tank wwr Under decommissioning 2,000 1957-07-01
RP-01 Bucharest Tank Decommissioned 0.00 1976-02-01

Russia

Main article: Nuclear power in Russia
See also: List of power stations in Russia

A total of 98 nuclear research facilities, including:[50]

Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
Stend-7 Electrostal Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.70 1979-01-01
FS-2 Moscow Subcrit Permanent shutdown 0.20 1972-10-17
WWR-M Gatchina Tank wwr Extended shutdown 18,000 1959-12-29
PIK Physical Model Gatchina Crit assembly Operational 0.10 1983-12-26
PIK Saint Petersburg Tank Under construction 100,000  
BFS-1 Obninsk Crit assembly Operational 0.20 1962-02-20
659-L Nizhny Novgorod Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.00 1979-01-01
Stend-6 Electrostal Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.05 1968-01-01
Stend-3 Electrostal Crit assembly Decommissioned 2 1967-01-01
Stend-2 Electrostal Crit assembly Decommissioned 2 1969-01-01
Stend-1 Electrostal Crit assembly Decommissioned 2 1966-01-01
SGO Obninsk Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.10 1969-01-01
RF-GS Obninsk Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.01 1962-01-01
COBRA Obninsk Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.30 1970-01-01
BR-1 Obninsk Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.05 1965-01-01
AMBF-2 Obninsk Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.10 1984-11-22
STRELA Obninsk Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.02 1968-08-14
BFS-2 Obninsk Crit assembly Operational 1.00 1969-09-30
BARS-6 Obninsk Prompt burst Operational 10 1994-12-30
FG-5 Obninsk Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.10 1967-01-01
27/VT Obninsk Fast, power Under decommissioning 70,000 1959-01-01
TOPAZ Obninsk Space test Decommissioned 150 1966-01-01
BR-10 Obninsk Loop type Permanent shutdown 8,000 1958-06-01
Stend-5 Electrostal Crit assembly Operational 0.30 1967-04-20
IIN-3M Moscow Prompt burst Decommissioned 0.00 1972-01-01
TOPAZ-II (YENISEY) Moscow Space test Decommissioned 135 1967-01-01
Stend-4 Electrostal Crit assembly Operational 0.03 1967-04-20
AM-1 Obninsk Graphite Under decommissioning 10,000 1954-06-15
BARS-3M Moscow Prompt burst Decommissioned 0.00 1988-01-01
27/VM Obninsk Pwr power Under decommissioning 70,000 1956-03-01
659 Nizhny Novgorod Crit assembly Operational 0.10 1963-06-15
1125 Nizhny Novgorod Crit assembly Operational 0.60 1975-11-17
TIBR-1M Moscow Prompt burst Decommissioned 0.00 1976-01-01
IFR (IBR-1) Moscow Fast Decommissioned 6 1960-06-01
IBR-30 Dubna Fast, pulsed Decommissioned 25 1969-01-01
BARS-2 Moscow Prompt burst Decommissioned 0.00 1971-01-01
IR-50 Moscow Pool Permanent shutdown 50 1961-02-20
WWR-TS Obninsk Tank wwr Operational 15,000 1964-11-04
IBR-2M Dubna Fast, pulsed Operational 2,000 1978-12-15
BARS-4 Moscow Prompt burst Temporary shutdown 10 1980-06-03
IRV-2M Moscow Pool Under construction 4,000 1974-12-28
SM-3 Dimitrovgrad Pressure vessel Operational 100,000 1961-01-10
Gidra (Hydra) Moscow Homog (L) Operational 10 1971-11-24
Argus Moscow Homog (L) Operational 20 1981-11-02
IKAR-S Sarov Crit graphite Operational 0.10 2008-12-01
BIGR Sarov Fast, pulsed Operational 500 1977-03-31
GIR-2 Sarov Fast, pulsed Operational 1.00 1993-04-12
FKBN-2 Snezhinsk Crit fast Operational 0.10 2000-01-01
FKBN-2M Sarov Crit fast Operational 0.00 2001-03-02
IRT-2000 Moscow Tank Decommissioned 2,000 1957-11-23
BR-1M Sarov Fast, pulsed Operational 5 1979-01-01
IRT-MEPhI Moscow Pool, irt Extended shutdown 2,500 1967-05-26
BR-K1 Sarov Fast, pulsed Operational 10 1995-11-30
IVV-2M Zarechniy Pool Operational 15,000 1966-04-23
MBIR Dimitrovgrad Fast, power Under construction 150,000  
Stend T-2 Obninsk Space test Decommissioned 0.00 1970-01-01
VRL-03 Moscow Pool Decommissioned 100 1961-01-01
VRL-02 Moscow Pool Decommissioned 100 1959-01-01
S111 Moscow Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.00  
1120 Nizhny Novgorod Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.00 1975-01-01
MER Saint Petersburg Crit assembly Permanent shutdown 0.20 1970-01-01
G-1 Saint Petersburg Crit assembly Permanent shutdown 0.20 1964-01-01
FM SM-3 Dimitrovgrad Crit assembly Operational 0.02 1970-01-01
FM MIR.M1 Dimitrovgrad Crit assembly Operational 0.01 1966-10-30
Narciss-M2 Moscow Crit assembly Operational 0.01 1983-08-23
SK Physical Moscow Crit assembly Operational 0.60 2000-04-18
Efir-2M Moscow Crit assembly Operational 0.10 1973-01-01
Delta Moscow Crit assembly Operational 0.10 1985-04-24
P Moscow Crit assembly Operational 0.20 1987-07-17
FM MR Moscow Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.10 1971-01-01
Grog Moscow Crit assembly Permanent shutdown 0.10 1981-01-01
B-1000 Moscow Crit assembly Operational 0.20 1986-09-03
Kvant Moscow Crit assembly Operational 1.00 1990-01-01
Astra Moscow Crit assembly Operational 0.10 1981-08-05
SF-7 Moscow Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.10 1975-03-12
SF-3 Moscow Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.10 1979-01-01
SF-5 Moscow Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.10 1972-01-01
SF-1 Moscow Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.10 1972-05-19
Mayak Moscow Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.01 1967-01-01
RBMK Moscow Crit assembly Operational 0.03 1982-01-06
UG Moscow Crit assembly Permanent shutdown 0.10 1965-12-18
MATR-2 Obninsk Crit assembly Under decommissioning 0.40 1963-08-02
FS-1M Obninsk Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.20 1970-03-03
MAKET Moscow Crit assembly Operational 0.10 1976-12-30
Argus-2 Moscow Homog (L) Decommissioned 50  
U-3 Saint Petersburg Pool Operational 50 1964-12-13
Arbus (AST-1) Dimitrovgrad Tank Decommissioned 12,000 1963-01-01
VK-50 Dimitrovgrad Bwr-prototype Operational 200,000 1964-12-15
Gamma Moscow Tank Under decommissioning 150 1981-12-30
FBR-L fast burst-laser Chelyabinsk Fast burst Operational 5 1981-03-31
YAGUAR (NHUAR) Chelyabinsk Homog pul Operational 4 1988-12-31
IGRIK, pulsed homog Chelyabinsk Homog Operational 30 1975-03-15
BARS-5 (FNRS) Snezhinsk Fast burst Operational 10 1986-01-01
RG-1M Norilsk Pool Decommissioned 100 1970-04-15
BOR-60 Dimitrovgrad Fast breeder Operational 60,000 1968-12-30
F-1 Moscow Graphite pile Permanent shutdown 24 1946-12-25
RBT-6 Dimitrovgrad Pool Operational 6,000 1975-09-24
RBT-10/2 Dimitrovgrad Pool Operational 7,000 1983-11-24
IRT-T Tomsk Pool, irt Operational 6,000 1967-07-22
Romashka Moscow Space test Decommissioned 40 1964-08-01
MR Moscow Tank Under decommissioning 50,000 1963-12-01
SBR-2 Obninsk Fast, Hg cooled Decommissioned 150 1957-03-01
RPT Moscow Graphite Decommissioned 20,000 1952-04-01
OR-M Moscow Tank wwr Operational 300 1988-05-20
TVR Moscow Tank Under decommissioning 2,500 1949-01-01
VVR-2 Moscow Tank Decommissioned 3,000 1954-01-01
VIR-2M Sarov Homog pul Operational 25 1980-04-24
VIR-2 Sarov Homog pul Decommissioned 25 1965-01-01
BR-5 Obninsk Fast, Na cooled Decommissioned 5,000 1958-01-01
BR-2 Obninsk Fast Decommissioned 100 1956-01-01
MIR.M1 Dimitrovgrad Pool/channels Operational 100,000 1966-12-24
IR-8 Moscow Pool, irt Operational 8,000 1981-08-12
UVPSh Moscow Subcrit Operational 0.00 1964-03-18
UG Subcritical Moscow Subcrit Operational 0.00 1955-04-20
UV Moscow Subcrit Operational 0.00 1980-12-04
RBT-10/1 Dimitrovgrad Pool Decommissioned 10,000 1983-12-01
UG Rig Elektrostal Crit graphite Decommissioned 0.03 1967-04-20
VVER Moscow Subcrit Extended shutdown 0.00 1974-04-06
UV-1 Moscow Subcrit Extended shutdown 0.00 1983-10-25
UV-2 Moscow Subcrit Extended shutdown 0.00 1972-11-04
Aksamit Moscow Crit assembly Operational 0.00 2002-02-25
R-1 Saint Petersburg Subcrit Permanent shutdown 0.00 1991-08-19
SO-2M Moscow Subcrit Permanent shutdown 0.00 1975-01-01
7KVD Podolsk Subcrit Permanent shutdown 0.00 1979-12-07

Saudi Arabia

Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
LPRR Riyadh Pool Under construction 30  

Serbia

Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
RB Belgrade Heavy water Temporary shutdown 0.00 1958-04-29 Vinča Nuclear Institute, Vinča At the beginning, the RB reactor was designed and constructed as an unreflected zero power heavy water - natural uranium critical assembly. First criticality was reached in April 1958. Later, the 2% enriched metal uranium fuel and 80% enriched UO2 fuel were obtained and used in the reactor core. Modifications of the reactor control, safety and dosimetry systems (1960, 1976, 1988) converted the RB critical assembly to a flexible heavy water reflected experimental reactor with 1 W nominal power, operable up to 50 W. Several coupled fast-thermal systems were designed and constructed at RB reactor in the early 1990s, for research in fast reactors physics.
RA Vinča Heavy water Decommissioned 6,500 1959-12-28 2002 Vinča Nuclear Institute, Vinča 6.5 MW heavy water moderated and cooled research reactor

Slovenia

Main article: Nuclear energy in Slovenia
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
TRIGA- MARK II LJUBLJANA Ljubljana TRIGA Mark II Operational 250 1966-05-31 Jožef Stefan Institute (web page link)[51]

South Africa

Main article: Nuclear energy in South Africa
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
SAFARI-1 Pretoria Tank in pool Operational 20,000 1965-03-18 South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (NECSA) Pelindaba Nuclear Research Center near Pretoria 25°48′03″S 27°56′54″E / 25.80083°S 27.94833°E / -25.80083; 27.94833 (Pelindaba Nuclear Research Center)
Pelinduna-0 Pretoria Crit fast Decommissioned 0.00 1967-01-01   Pelindaba Nuclear Research Center near Pretoria 25°48′03″S 27°56′54″E / 25.80083°S 27.94833°E / -25.80083; 27.94833 (Pelindaba Nuclear Research Center)

South Korea

Main article: Nuclear power in South Korea
Nuclear research reactors in South Korea
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
KRR-1 Seoul TRIGA Mark II Decommissioned 250 1962-03-19   KAERI Research Reactor,100 kW, built 1962 (decommissioned)[52]
KRR-2 Seoul TRIGA Mark III Decommissioned 2,000 1972-04-10 KAERI Research reactor, 2MW, built 1972 (decommissioned)[52]
AGN-201K Yongin Homog (S) Operational 0.01 1982-12-04   Kyung Hee University Aerojet General Nucleonics Model 201 research reactor, 0.01 kW commissioned 1982[53]
HANARO Daejeon Pool Operational 30,000 1995-02-08   KAERI MAPLE class reactor
KJRR Busan Pool Planned 15,000   KAERI

Spain

Main article: Nuclear power in Spain
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
CORAL-I Madrid Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.05 1968-03-28
ARBI Reactor Bilbao Argonaut Decommissioned 10 1962-06-26
Argos Research Reactor Barcelona Argonaut Decommissioned 1.00 1961-06-01 1992 Polytechnic University of Catalonia Argos
JEN-1 Mod Madrid Pool Decommissioned 3,000 1958-10-09

Sweden

Main article: Nuclear power in Sweden
Nuclear research reactors in Sweden
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
R1 Stockholm Pool Research Decommissioned 600 1954-07-13 1970 KTH
R-2 Nyköping Tank Research, production of isotopes for industry Under decommissioning 50,000 1960-05-04 2005 Studsvik
R2-0 Nyköping Pool Research, production of isotopes for industry Under decommissioning 1,000 1960-06-20 Never completed Studsvik
Ågestaverket (R-3) Farsta, Stockholm Pool District heating Under decommissioning 80,000 1963 1973 Vattenfall AB,
Barsebäck Kraft AB 		 
R-4 Marviken, Norrköping Research, plutonium production Never completed, abandoned in 1970
FR-0 Nyköping Crit fast Research Decommissioned 0.01 1964-02-01 1971 Studsvik Zero-power fast reactor
KRITZ Nyköping Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.10 1969-10-01 Studsvik  

Switzerland

Main article: Nuclear power in Switzerland
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
AGN 211 P Basel Homog (S) Decommissioned 2 1959-08-01
CROCUS Lausanne Crit assembly Operational 0.10 1983-07-13 École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne Null-power light water reactor. In operation.
PROTEUS Villigen Crit assembly Under decommissioning 1.00 1968-01-01 2012 Paul Scherrer Institut Null-power reconfigurable reactor (graphite moderator/reflector).
DIORIT Zürich Heavy water Under decommissioning 30,000 1960-10-10 1977 Paul Scherrer Institut
AGN-201P Geneva Homog (S) Decommissioned 0.00 1958-06-01 2020 University of Basel Research reactor, in operation since 1958 (demonstrated at the Expo 58 in Brussels), since 1959 at the University of Basel. Decommissioned in 2020.[54]
SAPHIR Würenlingen Pool Decommissioned 10,000 1957-04-30 1993 Paul Scherrer Institut
Lucens Lucens, Vaud Heavy-water moderated, carbon dioxide gas-cooled. Pilot nuclear power plant Decommissioned 30,000 10 May 1968 3 March 1969 Nationale Gesellschaft zur Förderung der industriellen Atomtechnik
Energie Ouest Suisse 		Prototype power reactor (GCHWR) 30 MWh/6 MWe. Shut down in 1969 after accident. Site decommissioned.

Syria

Main article: Nuclear energy in Syria
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
SRR-1 Damascus MNSR Operational 30 1996-03-04

Taiwan

Main article: Nuclear power in Taiwan
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
THAR Hsinchu Argonaut Decommissioned 10 1974-04-20
THOR Hsinchu Triga conv Operational 2,000 1961-04-13 [55]
THMER Hsinchu Mobile Edu. Decommissioned 0.00 1975-11-19
TRR Taoyuan Heavy water Decommissioned 40,000 1973-01-03
WBRL Taoyuan Homog (L) Decommissioned 100 1983-02-23
ZPRL Taoyuan City Pool Permanent shutdown 30 1971-02-02

Tajikistan

Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
Argus-FTI Dushanbe Homog (L) Under construction 50  

Thailand

Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
TRR-1/M1 Bangkok TRIGA Mark III Operational 1,300 1977-11-07 Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (TINT) Thai Research Reactor 1/Modification 1, Installed 1962, modified 1975–77.
SUT MNSR Nakorn Ratchasima MNSR Planned 45   Ongkharak Nuclear Research Center (under construction)

Turkey

Main article: Nuclear energy in Turkey
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
TR-1 Istanbul Pool Decommissioned 1,000 1962-01-01 Turkish Atomic Energy Authority ÇNAEM
TR-2, Turkish Reactor 2 Istanbul Pool Extended shutdown 5,000 1981-12-10 Turkish Atomic Energy Authority ÇNAEM
ITU-TRR Istanbul TRIGA Mark II Operational 250 1979-03-11 Istanbul Technical University Institute of Energy

Fuel pilot plants

  • TRD Fuel Pilot Plant (Turkish Atomic Energy Authority)

Ukraine

Main article: Nuclear power in Ukraine
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
KIPT Experimental Neutron Source Kharkiv Subcrit Under construction 0.19  
WWR-M Kyiv Kyiv Tank wwr Operational 10,000 1960-12-02 Kyiv Institute for Nuclear Research
Multipurpose RR Kyiv Pool Planned 20,000   Kyiv Institute for Nuclear Research
SNI, IR-100 Sevastopol Pool, irt Operational 200 1967-04-18 Sevastopol Institute of Nuclear Energy and Industry
SPh IR-100 Sevastopol Crit assembly Operational 0.00 1974-07-17 Sevastopol Institute of Nuclear Energy and Industry

United Kingdom

Main article: Nuclear power in the United Kingdom
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
ZEUS Didcot Crit fast Decommissioned 0.10 1955-12-22
ZEPHYR Didcot Crit fast Decommissioned 0.00 1954-02-01
Dounreay Zero Energy ZETR Thurso Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.00 1957-08-13
ERIC Aldermaston Crit fast Decommissioned 0.00 1952-01-01
Waterfall Aldermaston Crit fast Decommissioned 0.00 1954-01-01
Atlas Aldermaston Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.00 1952-01-01
VIPER Aldermaston Fast burst Permanent shutdown 0.50 1967-05-26 Atomic Weapons Establishment
BERKELEY Zero Energy Berkeley Graphite Decommissioned 1.00 1966-04-14
BEPO Didcot Graphite, air Under decommissioning 6,500 1962-01-01 1968
LIDO Didcot Pool Decommissioned 300 1956-09-01 1974
HAZEL Didcot Homog (L) Decommissioned 0.00 1957-01-01
DAPHNE Didcot Heavy water Decommissioned 0.10 1962-01-01
ZENITH II Winfrith, Dorchester Graphite Decommissioned 1.00 1972-03-01
ZENITH I Winfrith, Dorchester Graphite CO2 Decommissioned 0.50 1959-12-01
JUNO Winfrith, Dorchester Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.10 1964-03-01
HERO Seascale Graphite AGR Decommissioned 3 1962-06-01
Windscale AGR (WAGR) Seascale Graphite AGR Decommissioned 120,000 1962-08-09 1982
Dragon Winfrith, Dorchester He cooled Under decommissioning 20,000 1964-01-01
Dounreay MTR Thurso Heavy water Decommissioned 22,500 1958-05-01 1969
MERLIN Aldermaston Pool Decommissioned 5,000 1959-07-01
HORACE Aldermaston Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.01 1958-05-01
DIMPLE Winfrith, Dorchester Pool Decommissioned 0.10 1962-01-01
ICI TRIGA Reactor Billingham TRIGA Mark I Decommissioned 250 1971-08-01 1988 ICI Physics and Radioisotopes Dept of ICI R&D (later to become Tracerco)
Universities Research Reactor Risley, Warrington Argonaut Decommissioned 300 1964-07-07 1991 Shut down 1991, decommissioned, land released 1996
CONSORT reactor Imperial College London Pool Decommissioned 100 1965-09-04 2012 Imperial College, Silwood Park campus Began operation in 1965, shut down in 2012, fuel removed in 2014. Fully decommissioned by 2022.[56]
UTR-300 East Kilbride, Glasgow Argonaut Decommissioned 300 1963-06-01 1995 Scottish Universities Research and Reactor Centre (100 kW Argonaut class reactor deactivated 1995, fully dismantled 2003)
VERA Nuclear Assembly Aldermaston Crit fast Decommissioned 0.10 1961-01-01
VULCAN Thurso Pwr Permanent shutdown 0.00 1961-01-01
Neptune Raynesway, Derby Pool Operational 0.30 1963-01-03 Rolls-Royce Marine Power Operations Ltd
HECTOR Winfrith, Dorchester Zero power htd Decommissioned 0.10 1963-03-01
HERALD Aldermaston Pool Decommissioned 5,000 1960-10-10
NESTOR Didcot Argonaut Decommissioned 30 1961-01-01
ZEBRA Winfrith, Dorchester Crit fast Decommissioned 1.00 1962-12-01
JASON Greenwich, London Argonaut Decommissioned 10 1959-09-30 1999
Dounreay Fast Reactor Thurso Fast breeder reactor Under decommissioning 65,000 1959-11-01 1977
PLUTO Harwell Heavy water Under decommissioning 26,000 1957-10-25 1990 Harwell AERE
DIDO Harwell Heavy water Under decommissioning 26,000 1956-11-07 1990 Harwell AERE
GLEEP Harwell Graphite Decommissioned 50 1947-08-18 1990 Harwell AERE
Toad Thurso Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.01 1960-07-01
Panther Thurso Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.01 1961-01-01
Puma Thurso Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.00 1960-11-01
Phoenix Thurso Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.10 1960-07-01
Sirius Thurso Crit assembly Decommissioned 0.10 1961-05-01
Tessie Thurso Crit assembly Decommissioned 5 1959-11-01
QMC Subcritical Assembly Stratford Marsh, London Subcrit Decommissioned 0.00 1959-03-01 Queen Mary College
QMC UTR-B Stratford Marsh, London Argonaut Decommissioned 100 1968-06-10 1982 Queen Mary College
HECTOR NA Graphite CO2 Decommissioned 0.10 1963-03-10
PILE 1 Sellafield 1957 Sellafield was previously named Windscale until 1971. Shut down 1957 after Windscale fire.
PILE 2 Sellafield 1957 Sellafield was previously named Windscale until 1971.

United States

Main article: Nuclear power in the United States
See also: List of cancelled nuclear reactors in the United States
Plutonium production reactors
Name Location Reactor type Purpose Status Capacity (MWth) Construction start date Operation date Closure Operator and owner
B-Reactor Hanford Site Graphite pile Production of plutonium-239 for weapons Preserved as a museum Manhattan Project
F-Reactor[57] Hanford Site Graphite pile Production of plutonium-239 for weapons Shut down and cocooned Manhattan Project
D-Reactor[58] Hanford Site Graphite pile Production of plutonium-239 for weapons Shut down and cocooned Manhattan Project
H-Reactor[59] Hanford Site Graphite pile Production of plutonium-239 for weapons Shut down and cocooned United States Atomic Energy Commission
DR-Reactor[58] Hanford Site Graphite pile Production of plutonium-239 for weapons Shut down and cocooned United States Atomic Energy Commission
C-Reactor[60] Hanford Site Graphite pile Production of plutonium-239 for weapons Shut down and cocooned United States Atomic Energy Commission
KE-Reactor (K-East)[61] Hanford Site Graphite pile Production of plutonium-239 for weapons Shut down and being cocooned United States Atomic Energy Commission
KW-Reactor (K-West)[61] Hanford Site Graphite pile Production of plutonium-239 for weapons Shut down and being cocooned United States Atomic Energy Commission
N-Reactor[62] Hanford Site Graphite pile Production of plutonium-239 for weapons and electricity for regional grid Shut down and cocooned United States Atomic Energy Commission
R-Reactor[63] Savannah River Site Heavy water Production of plutonium-239 and tritium for weapons Surveillance and maintenance mode 2260[64] 1964 United States Atomic Energy Commission
P-Reactor[63] Savannah River Site Heavy water Production of plutonium-239 and tritium for weapons Surveillance and maintenance mode 2680[64] 1988 United States Atomic Energy Commission
L-Reactor[63] Savannah River Site Heavy water Production of plutonium-239 and tritium for weapons Surveillance and maintenance mode 2700[64] 1988 United States Atomic Energy Commission
K-Reactor[63] Savannah River Site Heavy water Production of plutonium-239 and tritium for weapons Surveillance and maintenance mode 2710[64] 1988[65] United States Atomic Energy Commission
C-Reactor[63] Savannah River Site Heavy water Production of plutonium-239 and tritium for weapons Surveillance and maintenance mode 2915[64] 1985 United States Atomic Energy Commission

Army Nuclear Power Program

Main article: Army Nuclear Power Program
Army Nuclear Power Program reactors
Name Location Reactor type Purpose Status Capacity (kW) Construction start date Operation date Closure Operator and owner
SM-1 Fort Belvoir PWR Training and testing Decommissioned 2000 8 April 1957 to 16 March 1973 United States Army
SM-1A Fort Greely Electricity and heat supply Decommissioned 2000 13 March 1962 to 1972 United States Army
PM-2A Camp Century, Greenland Electricity and steam supply Decommissioned 2000 3 October 1960 United States Army
PM-1 Sundance Air Force Station PWR Electricity and steam supply Decommissioned 1250 25 February 1962 to 1968 United States Air Force
PM-3A McMurdo Station, Antarctica Electricity, seawater desalinization, and heat supply Decommissioned 1750 3 March 1962 to September 1972 United States Navy
MH-1A Panama Canal Zone Electricity and fresh water supply Decommissioned 10000 24 January 1967 United States Army
SL-1 Idaho National Laboratory BWR Stationary power supply demonstration Decommissioned. Destroyed by explosion January 3, 1961. 400 thermal, 200 electric 11 August 1958 to 3 January 1961 United States Army
ML-1 Idaho National Laboratory Gas turbine Mobile power supply demonstration Decommissioned 140 30 March 1961 United States Army

United States Naval reactors

Main articles: List of United States Naval reactors and Nuclear Power School
Naval Nuclear Power Program reactors
Name Location Reactor type Purpose Status Capacity (kW) Construction start date Operation date Closure Operator and owner
S8G Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory Training Yes United States Navy
MARF/S7G Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory Training Yes United States Navy
D1G Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory Prototype Decommissioned United States Navy
S3G Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory Prototype Decommissioned United States Navy
ex-USS Daniel Webster (SSBN-626) Joint Base Charleston S5W reactor moored training ship (MTS-626) Yes United States Navy
ex-USS Sam Rayburn (SSBN-635) Joint Base Charleston S5W reactor moored training ship (MTS-635) Yes United States Navy
ex-USS La Jolla (SSN-701) Joint Base Charleston S6G reactor moored training ship (MTS-701) Yes United States Navy
S1C Windsor, Connecticut Training Decommissioned United States Navy

Research reactors

United States Federal Government non-plutonium production research reactors
Name Location Reactor type Purpose Status Capacity (kW) Construction start date Operation date Closure Operator and owner
SEFOR (Southwest Experimental Fast Oxide Reactor), Arkansas Arkansas Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned
SL-1 INL Stationary power supply demonstration Decommissioned; destroyed by explosion January 3, 1961 United States Army
AFSR[66] INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned
ARMF-I INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned
ARMF-II INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned
Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) INL Research, development, and experiments Yes
Advanced Test Reactor Critical (ATRC) INL Research, development, and experiments Yes
A1W-A INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned
A1W-B INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned
BORAX-I INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned; intentionally exploded[67]
BORAX-II INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned[68]
BORAX-III INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned[69]
BORAX-IV INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned[70]
BORAX-V INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned[71]
CET INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned
CFRMF INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned
CP-1 (moved and renamed CP-2) University of Chicago Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned[72][73]
CP-3 INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned[74]
CP-5 INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned[75] 1979
CRCE INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned
Experimental Breeder Reactor I (originally CP-4) INL Research, development, and experiments Museum[76]
Experimental Breeder Reactor II INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned[77]
Experimental Boiling Water Reactor INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned[78]
Experimental Test Reactor INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned
EBOR INL Research, development, and experiments Never operated
ECOR INL Research, development, and experiments Never operated
ETRC INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned
FRAN INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned
Gas Cooled Reactor Experiment INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned
Heat Transfer Reactor Experiment 1 INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned
Heat Transfer Reactor Experiment 2 INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned
Heat Transfer Reactor Experiment 3 INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned
HOTCE INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned
Integral Fast Reactor (IFR) INL Research, development, and experiments Never operated[79][80]
JANUS reactor INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned[81] 1992
JUGGERNAUT INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned[82]
Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor (LMFBR) INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned
LOFT INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned
ML-1 INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned United States Army
MTR[83] INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned[84]
NRAD INL Research, development, and experiments Yes
OMRE INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned
PBF INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned
RMF INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned
SCRCE INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned
SNAPTRAN-1 INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned
SNAPTRAN-2 INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned
SNAPTRAN-3 INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned
SPERT-I INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned
SPERT-II INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned
SPERT-III INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned
SPERT-IV INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned
SUSIE INL Research, development, and experiments Yes
S1W/STR INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned[85]
S5G INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned
ZPR-7 INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned[86]
THRITS INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned
Transient Reactor Test Facility (TREAT) INL Research, development, and experiments Yes
Zero Power Physics Reactor (ZPPR)(formerly Zero Power Plutonium Reactor) INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned[87][88]
ZPR-III INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned[89]
ZPR-6 INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned[90] 1982
ZPR-9 INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned[91] 1981
603-A INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned
710 INL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned
High Flux Beam Reactor BNL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned 1999
Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor BNL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned 2000
Brookhaven Graphite Research Reactor BNL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned 1968
Fast Flux Test Facility Hanford Site Research, development, and experiments Core Drilled
UHTREX LANL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned
Omega West LANL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned
Clementine LANL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned
BREN Tower Nevada Test Site Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned
Demonstration Using Flattop Fission (DUFF) Nevada Test Site Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned 2012 2012
X-10 Graphite Reactor ORNL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned 1943 1963
Homogeneous Reactor Experiment (HRE) ORNL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned 1952 1954
Homogeneous Reactor Test (HRT) ORNL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned 1957 1961
Aircraft Reactor Experiment (ARE) ORNL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned 1954 1955
Molten Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE) ORNL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned 1965 1969
Health Physics Research Reactor (HPRR) ORNL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned 1963 1987
Low-Intensity Test Reactor (LITR) ORNL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned 1950 1968
Bulk Shielding Reactor (BSR) ORNL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned 1950 1987
Geneva Conference Reactor ORNL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned 1955 1955
Tower Shielding Reactor-I (TSR-I) ORNL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned 1954 1958
Tower Shielding Reactor-II (TSR-II) ORNL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned 1958 1982
Oak Ridge Research Reactor (ORR) ORNL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned 1958 1987
High Flux Isotope Reactor ORNL Research, development, and experiments Yes 1965
Pool Critical Assembly ORNL Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned 1958 1987
Experimental Gas Cooled Reactor (EGCR) ORNL Research, development, and experiments Constructed but never operated; project cancelled in 1966
HWCTR - Heavy Water Components Test Reactor SRS Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned
Sodium Reactor Experiment Santa Susana Field Laboratory Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned 1964
SNAP-10A Santa Susana Field Laboratory Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned; in low Earth orbit
Annular Core Research Reactor Sandia National Laboratories Research, development, and experiments Yes[92]
TRIGA Mark F Bethesda, Maryland Pool Research, development, and experiments Yes 1000 1962 Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute
NIST reactor Gaithersburg, Maryland Tank type, heavy water moderated Research, development, and experiments Yes 20000 1967 National Institute of Standards and Technology
TRIGA Mark I Denver, Colorado Pool Research, development, and experiments Yes 1000 1969 U.S. Geological Survey
TRIGA Mark I Omaha, Nebraska Pool Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned; possession-only license 1959 2001 U.S. Veterans Administration
NASA reactors (2 reactors at site) Sandusky, Ohio Research, development, and experiments Decommissioned; under decommission orders or license amendments National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NS Savannah James River Reserve Fleet, Virginia Marine propulsion demonstration and goodwill visits Decommissioned; possession-only license Atomic Energy Commission, Maritime Administration (MARAD), and Department of Commerce

Civilian (private and university) research and test reactors licensed to operate

Operator Location Reactor Power (MW) Years operational
Aerotest Operations Inc. San Ramon, California TRIGA Mark I 0.25 1965 -
Brigham Young University Provo, Utah Atomics International L77 0.00001 1967-1992[93]
Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO AGN-201 #109 0.0000001 1957[94] - 1976[95]
Dow Chemical Company Midland, Michigan TRIGA Mark I 0.3 1967 -
General Electric Company Sunol, California Nuclear Test 0.1 1957 -
Idaho State University Pocatello, Idaho AGN-201 #103 0.000005 1967 -
Iowa State University Ames, Iowa Experimental, instructional 0.003 1959-1998[96]
Kansas State University Manhattan, Kansas TRIGA Mark II 1.25 1962 -
Kodak Rochester, New York Californium Neutron Flux Multiplier 5.8 1975 - 2006
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts Tank Type HWR Reflected (MITR-II) 6 1958 -
Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla, Missouri Pool (MSTR) 0.2 1961 -
North Carolina State University Raleigh, North Carolina Pulstar 1 (earlier reactors dating to 1953) 1973 -
Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio Pool (modified Lockheed)[97] 0.5 1961 -
Oregon State University Corvallis, Oregon TRIGA Mark II (OSTR) 1.1 1967 -
Penn State University University Park, Pennsylvania TRIGA BNR reactor 1.1 1955 -
Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana Lockheed (PUR-1) 0.001 1962 -
Reed College Portland, Oregon TRIGA Mark I (RRR) 0.25 1968 -
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Schenectady, New York Reactor critical facility[98][99] 0.000015 1965-
Rhode Island Atomic Energy Commission/ University of Rhode Island Narragansett, Rhode Island GE pool 2 1964 -
Texas A&M University College Station, TX AGN-201M #106 - TRIGA Mark I (two reactors) 1.000005 (2 reactors) 1957 - , 1962 -
University of Arizona Tucson, AZ TRIGA Mark I 0.11 1958–2010
University of California-Davis Sacramento, California TRIGA Mark II, McClellan Nuclear Radiation Center 2.3 1998 -
University of California, Irvine Irvine, California TRIGA Mark I 0.25 1969 -
University of Florida Gainesville, Florida Argonaut (UFTR) 0.1 1959 -
University of Maryland, College Park College Park, Maryland TRIGA Mark I 0.25 1960 -
University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell, Massachusetts Pool (UMLRR) 1 1975 -
University of Missouri Columbia, Missouri General Electric tank type MURR 10 (expanding to 30 with NextGen MURR[100]) 1966 -
University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico AGN-201M #112 0.000005 1966 -
University of Texas at Austin Austin, Texas TRIGA Mark II 1.1 1992 -
University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah TRIGA Mark I 0.1 1975 -
University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison, Wisconsin TRIGA Mark I 1 1961 -
Washington State University Pullman, Washington TRIGA conversion (WSUR) 1 1961 -

Civilian (private and university) research and test reactors formerly licensed to operate

Research and test reactors under decommission orders or license amendments are authorized to decontaminate and dismantle their facility to prepare for final survey and license termination. Research and test reactors with possession-only licenses are not authorized to operate the reactor, only to possess the nuclear material on-hand. They are permanently shut down.

Operator Location Reactor Power Status
General Atomics (2 reactors at site) San Diego, California Under decommission order(s) or license amendment(s)
Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA Georgia Tech Research Reactor: heavy water moderated and cooled[101] 5 MW Shut down and defueled due to safety concerns related to nearby 1996 Summer Olympics events.[102] Decommissioning announcement July 1, 1997,[103] reactor building remnants removed as of 2015.[104]
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign Urbana, Illinois Under decommission order(s) or license amendment(s)
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan Under decommission order(s) or license amendment(s)
General Electric Company (3 reactors at site; two research and test reactors and one power reactor) Sunol, California Possession-only license(s)
University at Buffalo Buffalo, New York Retired in 1994. Possession-only license(s).
Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester, Massachusetts Possession-only license(s)
Westinghouse Waltz Mill Site; Madison, PA TR-2; also known as the Westinghouse Test Reactor or Westinghouse Testing Reactor (WTR) Decommissioned

Uruguay

Main article: Nuclear energy in Uruguay
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
RU-1 Montevideo Pool Decommissioned 10 1978-04-20 URR reactor - A small pool-type research reactor placed in Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares (CIN). In operation since the early 1970s up until 1997 when it was dismantled and returned to United States[105][106] due to a 1997 law against use of nuclear energy in Uruguay.[107]

Uzbekistan

Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
IIN-3M Tashkent Homog pul Decommissioned 20 1975-12-01
WWR-SM Tashkent Tashkent Tank wwr Operational 10,000 1959-09-10 [108]

Venezuela

Main article: Nuclear energy in Venezuela
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
RV-1 San Antonio de los Altos Pool Permanent shutdown 3,000 1960-07-12 1994 Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC)

Vietnam

Main article: Nuclear energy in Vietnam
Name Location Type Purpose Status Thermal power [kW] Operation date Closure date Owner and operator Notes
Dalat Research Reactor Da Lat Pool TRIGA Mark II Operational 500 1963-02-26 (supplied by USA 1963, shut down 1975, reactivated by USSR 1984)
Multipurpose Research Reactor Da Lat Pool, irt Planned 15,000  

See also

Notes and references

  1. ^ Fox, C.H. (7 December 1961). "Packaged Nuclear Reactors". New Scientist: 611–615. ISSN 0262-4079. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
  2. ^ "Contenido/pdf/020513_rad_tn.pdf" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 December 2014. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
  3. ^ SCK•CEN. "VENUS reactor: GUINEVERE project". Retrieved 25 March 2018.
  4. ^ SCK•CEN. "VENUS - zero-power critical facility". Archived from the original on 21 April 2012. Retrieved 24 May 2012.
  5. ^ SCK•CEN. "Belgian Reactor 1 - BR1". Retrieved 25 March 2018.
  6. ^ SCK•CEN. "Belgian Reactor 2 - BR2". Retrieved 25 March 2018.
  7. ^ SCK•CEN. "Belgian Reactor 3 - BR3". Retrieved 25 March 2018.
  8. ^ Global Research Nuclear Reactors Handbook. International Business Publications, USA. 1 September 2013. ISBN 978-0-7397-0048-8. Retrieved 26 April 2012.
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Index: pl ar de en es fr it arz nl ja pt ceb sv uk vi war zh ru af ast az bg zh-min-nan bn be ca cs cy da et el eo eu fa gl ko hi hr id he ka la lv lt hu mk ms min no nn ce uz kk ro simple sk sl sr sh fi ta tt th tg azb tr ur zh-yue hy my ace als am an hyw ban bjn map-bms ba be-tarask bcl bpy bar bs br cv nv eml hif fo fy ga gd gu hak ha hsb io ig ilo ia ie os is jv kn ht ku ckb ky mrj lb lij li lmo mai mg ml zh-classical mr xmf mzn cdo mn nap new ne frr oc mhr or as pa pnb ps pms nds crh qu sa sah sco sq scn si sd szl su sw tl shn te bug vec vo wa wuu yi yo diq bat-smg zu lad kbd ang smn ab roa-rup frp arc gn av ay bh bi bo bxr cbk-zam co za dag ary se pdc dv dsb myv ext fur gv gag inh ki glk gan guw xal haw rw kbp pam csb kw km kv koi kg gom ks gcr lo lbe ltg lez nia ln jbo lg mt mi tw mwl mdf mnw nqo fj nah na nds-nl nrm nov om pi pag pap pfl pcd krc kaa ksh rm rue sm sat sc trv stq nso sn cu so srn kab roa-tara tet tpi to chr tum tk tyv udm ug vep fiu-vro vls wo xh zea ty ak bm ch ny ee ff got iu ik kl mad cr pih ami pwn pnt dz rmy rn sg st tn ss ti din chy ts kcg ve
Prefix: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

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