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Nuclear power plants operate in 32 countries and generate about a tenth of the world's electricity.^[2] Most are in Europe, North America and East Asia. The United States is the largest producer of nuclear power, while France has the largest share of electricity generated by nuclear power, at about 70%.^[3]

Some countries operated nuclear reactors in the past but have no operating nuclear power plants at present. Among them, Italy closed all of its nuclear stations by 1990 and nuclear power has since been discontinued because of the 1987 referendums. Kazakhstan phased out nuclear power in 1999 but is planning to reintroduce it possibly by 2035 under referendum.^[4] Germany operated nuclear plants since 1960 until the completion of its phaseout policy in 2023. Austria (Zwentendorf Nuclear Power Plant) and the Philippines (Bataan Nuclear Power Plant) never started to use their first nuclear plants that were completely built.

Sweden and Belgium originally had phase-out policies however they have now moved away from their original plans. The Philippines relaunched their nuclear programme on February 28, 2022 and may try to operate the 1984 mothballed Bataan Plant.^[5]^[6]

As of 2020, Poland was in advanced planning phase for 1.5 GW and planned to have up to 9 GW by 2040.^[7] Hong Kong has no nuclear power plants within its boundary, but imports 80% of the electricity generated from Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station located across the border, in which the power company of the territory holds stake.^[8]^[9] In 2021, Iraq declared it was planning to build 8 nuclear reactors by 2030 to supply up to 25% electric power in a grid that was suffering from shortages.^[10]

Overview

Of the 32 countries in which nuclear power plants operate, only France, Slovakia, Ukraine and Belgium use them as the source for a majority of the country's electricity supply as of 2021. Other countries have significant amounts of nuclear power generation capacity. By far the largest nuclear electricity producers are the United States with 779,186 GWh of nuclear electricity in 2023, followed by China with 406,484 GWh.^[2] As of the end of 2023, 418 reactors with a net capacity of 371,540 MWe were operational, and 59 reactors with net capacity of 61,637 MWe were under construction.^[11] Of the reactors under construction, 25 reactors with 26,301 MWe were in China and 7 reactors with a capacity of 5,398 MWe were in India.^[12]^{[failed verification]}

Nuclear power by country in 2023^[2]
Country	Reactors		Capacity (MW)	Generation (GWh)	% total	Capacity factor
Country	In use	Being built	Capacity (MW)	Generation (GWh)	% total	Capacity factor
World	403	59	364,480	2,552,067	9.11%	83.9%
Argentina	3	1	1,641	8,963	6.3%	63.1%
Armenia	1	0	416	2,512	31.1%	70.2%
Bangladesh	0	2	2,160	—	—	—
Belarus	2	0	2,220	10,997	28.6%	81%
Belgium	6	0	4,916	31,289	41.2%	90.1%	^[a]
Brazil	2	1	1,884	13,695	2.2%	82.7%
Bulgaria	2	0	2,006	15,488	40.4%	87.7%
Canada	19	0	13,699	83,465	13.7%	69.7%
China	55	25	53,152	406,484	4.9%	89.8%
Czech Republic	6	0	3,934	28,728	40.0%	83.9%
Egypt	0	4	4,400	—	—	—
Finland	5	0	4,394	32,759	42.0%	93.9%
France	56	1	61,370	323,773	64.8%	67.3%
Hungary	4	0	1,916	15,092	48.8%	90%
India	23	11	8,180	47,971	3.1%	84.6%
Iran	1	2	915	6,071	1.7%	75.3%
Japan	33	2	31,679	77,539	5.6%	29.5%	^[b]
Mexico	2	0	1,552	12,044	4.9%	90.2%
Netherlands	1	0	482	3,771	3.4%	90.1%
Pakistan	6	1	3,262	22,383	17.4%	84.5%
Romania	2	0	1,300	10,312	18.9%	92.5%
Russia	37	4	27,727	203,957	18.4%	83.1%
Slovakia	5	1	2,308	17,005	61.3%	94%
Slovenia	1	0	688	5,332	36.8%	87.8%	^[c]
South Africa	2	0	1,854	8,154	4.4%	62%
South Korea	26	2	25,825	171,640	31.5%	80.2%
Spain	7	0	7,123	54,371	20.3%	89.8%	^[d]
Sweden	6	0	6,944	46,648	28.6%	79.8%
Switzerland	4	0	2,973	23,404	32.4%	91.1%	^[e]
Taiwan	3	0	2,859	17,154	6.9%	94.1%
Turkey	0	4	4,456	—	—	—
Ukraine	15	2	13,107	81,126	55.0%	71%	^[f]
United Arab Emirates	4	0	5,380	31,206	19.7%	91.2%
United Kingdom	9	2	5,883	37,278	12.5%	73%
United States	93	1	95,835	779,186	18.6%	94.1%

Notes

^ Phase-out postponed
^ Many reactors stopped
^ One reactor (Krško Nuclear Power Plant) located within Slovenia is co-owned by and shared between Croatia and Slovenia.
^ Phase-out planned
^ Gradual phase-out planned
^ From 2021 before the Russian invasion