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Lake Wayne
Lake Wayne
	Lake Wayne
Location	North America
Group	Great Lakes
Coordinates	42°14′23″N 83°17′27″W / 42.2396°N 83.2909°W
Lake type	former lake
Etymology	Wayne County, Michigan
Primary inflows	Laurentide Ice Sheet
Primary outflows	Mohawk River
Basin countries	Canada; United States
First flooded	12,500 years before present
Max. length	241 mi (388 km)
Max. width	57 mi (92 km)
Residence time	500 years in existence
Surface elevation	476 ft (145 m)
References	Lewis CFM, Cameron GDM, Anderson TW, Heil CW Jr, Gareau PL. 2012. Lake levels in the Erie Basin of the Laurentian Great Lakes. Journal of Paleolimnology 47:493-511.

Lake Wayne formed in the Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair basins around 12,500 years before present (YBP) when Lake Arkona dropped in elevation. About 20 feet (6.1 m) below the Lake Warren beaches it was early described as a lower Lake Warren level. Based on work in Wayne County, near the village of Wayne evidence was found that Lake Wayne succeeded Lake Whittlesey and preceded Lake Warren.^[2] From the Saginaw Basin the lake did not discharge water through Grand River but eastward along the edge of the ice sheet to Syracuse, New York, thence into the Mohawk valley. This shift in outlets warranted a separate from Lake Warren.^[2] The Wayne beach lies but a short distance inside the limits of the Warren beach. Its character is not greatly different when taken throughout its length in Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania and New York. At the type locality in Wayne County, Michigan, it is a sandy ridge, but farther north, and to the east through Ohio it is gravel.^[2] The results of the isostatic rebound area similar to the Lake Warren beaches.^[2]

History

The Wayne beach is below the level of the Lake Warren beach. It appears to be the older, for it shows evidence of submergence and modification. The Wayne beach was submerged and modified during Lake Warren. The lowest stage of Lake Wayne may have coincided with the earliest stages of Lake Algonquin^[3]

Outlet

Lake Wayne was correlated with the Two Creeks Interstade and with eastward drainage into the Hudson River.^[4] Field studies in western New York are inconclusive.^[5] Based on studies of the Buffalo Moraine, the Alden Moraine, and the Niagara Falls Moraine it is believed that a local series of rapid glacial melting led to sand and gravel deposition, followed by an advance of the ice sheet. Because subdued pebble beach ridges, the Wayne Lake may have persisted until the ice margin had retreated north to near the Niagara Falls Moraine. This would raise the lake level to form the Warren III lake.^[5]

Beach

From the Ohio-Michigan line on the Black River to Port Huron the beach is very identifiable. It is composed of fine, partly wind-blown sand or is buried.^[3] The beach enters Michigan 2 or 3 miles (3.2 or 4.8 km) northeast of Sylvania, Ohio. Here, it is a broad, sandy belt, about 6 miles (9.7 km) wide.^[3] The beach slightly above the 660 feet (200 m). The belt is mostly areas of dunes with swampy hollows.^[3] It includes a delta at the Huron River near Romulus.^[3] near Wayne it is composed of sandy gravel 15 to 20 rods (75 to 101 m)wide and standing 10 to 12 feet (3.0 to 3.7 m) above the plain to the east of 5 to 6 feet (1.5 to 1.8 m) above the western plain.^[3]

References

^ Holcombe TL, Taylor LA, Reid DF, Warren JS, Vincent PA, Herdendorf CE. 2003. Revised Lake Erie postglacial lake level history based on new detailed bathymetry. Journal of Great Lakes Research *29:681-704.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Publication 9. Geological Series 7; Surface Geology and Agricultural Conditions of the Southern Peninsula of Michigan; Frank Leverett with a Chapter on Climate by C. F. Schneider; Michigan Geological and Biological Survey Lansing Michigan; 1911
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Chapter XVIII, Glacial Lake Wayne; Frank B. Taylor; The Pleistocene of Indiana and Michigan, History of the Great Lakes; Monographs of the United States Geological Survey, Vol. LIII; Frank Leverett and Frank B. Taylor; Washington, D.C,; Government Printing Office; 1915
^ Leverett and Taylor (1915), Hough (1958), and Bretz (1966),
^ ^a ^b Strand Lines and Chronology of the Glacial Great Lakes in Northwestern New York; Parker E. Calkin; Department of Geological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo; The Ohio Journal of Science 70(2): 78, March, 1970