John Murphy Farley, Archbishop of New York, met with Pope Pius X. Concerns were made about the Pontiff's health, but Farley declared, "The Pope will undoubtedly live ten more years, with the same vigor, brightness, and profound intelligence." Pius would die less than three months later.[1]
A major fire swept through Creagerstown, Maryland destroying about 30 buildings including the town hall, and causing somewhere between $60,000 and $70,000 worth of damages. A spark accidentally set off in the town's local creamery ignited the roof, and strong winds fanned the flames across the street and from roof to roof. The town had no fire department at the time to put out the fire. Despite rebuilding many homes in the following decade, the town never fully recovered from the disaster.[8][9]
Thousands of Quebec City residents lined the streets for the funeral of 12 of the victims in the sinking of the RMS Empress of Ireland on May 29. A private funeral for Henry Seton-Karr was also held in the city, based on wishes that should he perish abroad, his remains should be interred where he died.[15]
Barely a year after it was launched, the Russian Yiddish weekly newspaper Di Tsayt (The Times) was shut down by the Russian government, with the last paper distributed on June 5. However, journalists revived the paper again two weeks later under a different name Undzer Tsayt (Our Time) and lasted for another four weeks before it was shut down again.[21]
Italian rider Alfonso Calzolari won the 6th Giro d'Italia cycling race in Milan, with fellow Italian riders Pierino Albini and Luigi Lucotti coming in second and third place respectively. It was one of the hardest races in the event's history, with only eight out of the original 81 contenders completing the race.[22]
American aviator Walter L. Brock won the LondonAerial Derby by flying a Morane-Saulnier G. The Derby was originally scheduled on May 23 but delayed due to poor weather. British aviator Gustav Hamel was supposed to have competed in the aerial competition when he disappeared May 23 over the English Channel while practicing for the aerial competition.[23]
An estimated 60,000 schoolchildren and their parents attended Fenway Park in Boston to greet the circus elephants Mollie, Waddy and Tony that the children purchased for the Franklin Park Zoo by donating their savings of pennies, nickels and dimes. Along with the elephants, the event included clowns, acrobats, a marching band and a Theodore Roosevelt impersonator clad in a safari outfit.[24]
A group of Milwaukee entrepreneurs formed the American Metal Products Company (now Ampco Metal).[25]
Red Week – Massive demonstrations of workers and peasants protesting militarism in Ancona and Marcas, Italy led to clashes with soldiers sent by the government to suppress them, resulting in the deaths of three protesters and more violence for seven days.[26]
Buckingham Palace in London was breached again, just weeks after British suffragists broke some of its windows. Henry Pike, a motor engineer, in the early morning hours managed to scale over the iron fence and slip past the palace guard before entering the palace through a basement window. Pike wandered through several chambers where he changed into the suit of one of palace's servants and stole a silver cigarette case and walking stick. He was apprehended by staff after wandering into one of the page's quarters and turned over to police. Pike said he had been drunk at the time he trespassed. The palace guard immediately ordered a review of its security procedures.[27]
The film drama The Wrath of the Gods, directed by Reginald Barker, was the first major American film to feature a cross-cultural love story — between an American sailor (Frank Borzage) and the daughter of a Japanese noble (Tsuru Aoki). The film's criticism of traditional Japanese culture resulted in the film being banned after its premier in Japan in 1918.[29]
The American racing yacht Resolute beat competitors Vanitie and Defiance in selection trials for the America's Cup with a course record of 30 miles in 3:16:41. However, the outbreak of World War I caused the races to be postponed, and the America Cup competition did not resume until 1920.[40]
Gerald Mohr, American radio and film actor, made more than 500 appearances in radio roles throughout the 1930s, 1940s and early 1950s; in New York City (d. 1968)
The cabinet under French Prime Minister Alexandre Ribot dissolved almost on the same day it was formed, after the Chamber of Deputies refused to pass a vote of confidence.[46]
The oldest message in a bottle, according to Guinness World Records, was a scientific message in a drift bottle released by a sea captain for the Fishery Board for Scotland at 60 14.00'N 002 22.00'W. It was recovered by a fishing vessel at 59 33.60'N 002 04.20'W on July 25, 2013, 99 years and 43 days after its release.[48]
Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany concluded his visit with Archduke Franz Ferdinand after they discussed the tenuous balance of power in the Balkans, as the Archduke was scheduled later that month to visit military expansion efforts in the region.[52]
Red Week – Order was mostly restored in Ancona and other Italian cities after a week of civil unrest following protests against alleged militarism in Italy's government.[57]
Austro-Hungarian foreign minister Leopold Berchtold released a memo suggesting the end of Serbia as a nation was necessary to preserve the balance of power in the Balkans.[58]
Fourteen people died in Paris, most of them public workers, when a massive thunderstorm overwhelmed the city's storm sewer system and caused major flooding in the streets.[64]
Fourth Battle of Topolobampo — Mexican federal gunboat Guerrero clashed with the mutinous Tampico gunboat, now with the Constitutionalists, in the Gulf of California off the shore of Topolobampo, Mexico. The Guerrero was able to hit the deck of Tampico and cause it to catch fire, forcing Captain Hilario Malpica of the Tampico to order the ship to be abandoned while under the cover fire of the gunboat's last operating deck gun. Nearby U.S. naval ships observing the battle — USS New Orleans and USS Preble — picked up six of the surviving crew while Guerrero captured the rest as they fled in lifeboats. Rather than surrender, Malpica shot himself. In total, five Tampico men including Malpica died in the battle, and another 30 crew were wounded. The ship itself completely sank by midnight.[70]
Bai Lang Rebellion — Rebel bandit leader Bai Lang, nicknamed by foreign press as the "White Wolf", broke through a blockade of 5,000 Chinese Army regulars with 1,000 of his men in the mountains south of Lanzhou, Gansu, China.[75]
The British hospital ship RFA Maine ran aground in thick fog off the coast of Isle of Mull, Scotland. All crew were rescued but the damage was too great for repair, and the ship was sold as scrap in July.[76]
Bai Lang Rebellion — Rebel bandit leader Bai Lang, the "White Wolf" of China, was reported to have massacred over 10,000 inhabitants in the town of Taochau south of Lanzhou one day after escaping federal soldiers, according to a telegraph report from local missionaries to the Chinese government.[78]
The eighth Land of Oz book written by L. Frank Baum, Tik-Tok of Oz, was published. The book actually has little to do with Tik-Tok and was primarily the quest of the Shaggy Man (introduced in The Road to Oz) to rescue his brother, and his resulting conflict with the Nome King. The first edition was famous for showing the first maps of Oz in the endpapers.[84]
While the Austro-HungarianairshipMilitärluftschiff III (or M.III) hovered over Fischamend testing new camera equipment, an Austro-Hungarian Army pilot tried to loop M.III in a Farmanbiplane. The airplane struck the top of the airship, tearing a hole and igniting the escaping hydrogen gas. Both aircraft were destroyed, and both men in the airplane and all seven men aboard M.III were killed. It was the end of the Austro-Hungarian airship program.[88]
Serbian diplomat Jovan Jovanović Pižon warned Austrian finance minister Leon Biliński of intelligence reports suggesting there may be an assassination plot against Archduke Franz Ferdinand when he visited Sarajevo next week, but his warnings were ignored.[91]
Twelve people drowned, including seven children, in a boating accident near Syracuse, New York when a motor boat using one the New York state canals hit a snag and capsized.[93]
Battle of Zacatecas – Pancho Villa and his División del Norte (Division of the North) decisively defeated the troops of General Luís Medina Barrón defending the town of Zacatecas City. After bombarding the town, Villa's troop surrounded and stormed the town from all sides. After losing key areas, Barrón ordered his men to retreat to neighboring Guadalupe and meet up with reinforcements. However, 7,000 rebel militia blocked their way and slaughtered the federal troops. An estimated 6,000 to 7,000 defenders were killed or wounded, with only Barrón and a few hundred men escaping. About 1,500 of Villa's men were wounded and another 700 were killed. Nonetheless, the great victory demoralized Huerta's supporters and lead to his resignation on July 15.[96]
A tornado ripped through Watertown, South Dakota, killing nine people and injuring 40 more, and destroying over 300 buildings.[98]
A mob surrounded the Western Federation of Miners office in Butte, Montana where national president Charles Moyer was present to negotiate and end of labor unrest. The resulting violence ended in two deaths and the office building being dynamited, although Moyer and his staff managed to escape.[99]
Austria-Hungary prepared a letter for its ally Germany stating Romania could no longer be considered a reliable ally in addressing political issues in the Balkans, following the June 14 summit in Constanța, Romania. At the summit, Russia had begun working on forming an alliance with Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece and Montenegro against Austria-Hungary. To counter this, Austria-Hungary recommended the empire, Germany, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria should form an alliance against Russia. Unfortunately, the letter was delayed with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.[102]
German aviator Gustav Basser set a new flight endurance record, flying nonstop for 18 hours 10 minutes at Johannistal, Germany.[103]
Edward Thomas made the English railway journey which inspired his poem "Adlestrop" en route to meet Robert Frost. His journey and visit with Frost convinced Thomas to begin writing poetry for the first time after that summer.[104]
A magnitude 7.6 earthquake struck off the southwestern coast of Sumatra, Indonesia, creating a tsunami that killed 20 people and injured another 20. A few homes were destroyed in the area.[105]
A series of chemical explosions in a leather factory started a massive fire that swept downtown Salem, Massachusetts, destroying 1,376 buildings at an estimated cost of US$15 million, and left some 20,000 people homeless.[106]
Canadian Arctic Expedition – George Breddy, a fireman for the sunken HMCS Karluk and one of the remaining survivors on Wrangel Island in the Bering Sea was found dead in his tent by a gunshot wound. The expedition group were uncertain whether the death was suicide or murder, but Breddy had been accused of stealing possessions and hoarding food rations from others in the group, and some missing items were found on him. While some members had accused Karluk's second engineer of murdering Breddy, there was no conclusive proof. Of the 25 expedition members accounted for when the Karluk sank in January, there were now only 14 left on Wrangel Island.[107]
The Senate for the Union of South Africa passed the Indian Relief Bill which abolished a tax against Indian citizens, legally recognized Indian ceremonial marriages, relaxed immigration laws, and pardoned all members of the Indian resistance movement. With the bill passed into law, resistance leader Mahatma Gandhi suspended the movement.[111]
U.S. presidential adviser Edward M. House met with British Foreign Secretary Edward Grey in London as part of the U.S. mission to persuade Great Britain and Germany to join the United States in a diplomatic alliance to preserve peace in Europe, especially in the face of Germany's growing militarization. House advised Grey “the kaiser himself and most of his immediate advisers did not want war because they wished Germany to expand commercially and grow in wealth, but the army was militarily aggressive and ready for war at any time." Both concluded the meeting: "Neither England, Germany, Russia, nor France desire war.”[112]
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand – Danilo Ilić, a member of the secret Serbian military society Black Hand, distributed pistols, bombs and cyanide pills to six assassins that would be placed along the procession route Archduke Franz Ferdinand would take when he carried out military inspections the next day in Sarajevo.[113]
The Archduke and his wife just before the assassination.This picture of the arrest of a suspect in Sarajevo is usually associated with the arrest of Gavrilo Princip, although some believe it depicts Ferdinand Behr, a bystander.[115][116]
Nedeljko Čabrinović made the first assassination attempt on the Archduke by throwing a bomb at the convertible he and his wife Sophie were riding in (two other fellow assassins Muhamed Mehmedbašić and Vaso Čubrilović were on the motorcade route with pistols but failed to act). The bomb bounced off the folded back cover and exploded underneath another vehicle in the motorcade, wounding around 20 people. Čabrinović swallowed a cyanide tablet and jumped off a bridge into the Miljacka River to avoid capture, but the pill only induced vomiting and the water was too shallow. He was immediately arrested. In spite of the assassination attempt, the procession continued on to Sarajevo's Town Hall.[118]
Gavrilo Princip assassinated the Archduke and his wife, Sophie after they left Sarajevo's Town Hall. Princip was able to get close to the Archduke when his motorcade became trapped in a dead-end after taking a wrong turn. He shot the Austrian noble in the neck and Sophie in the abdomen as she tried to shield her husband. Princip was immediately arrested, and both the Archduke and his wife were taken back to the town hall for medical treatment. Both died of their injuries, with Sophie on arrival at town hall and Ferdinand around 10 minutes after.[119]
Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo – Following news of Archduke Franz Ferdinand's assassination, violent pogroms were organized against ethnic Serbs in Austria-Hungary. Anti-Serbian mobs ransacked homes and businesses of prominent Serbians, including a mob of 200 people that attacked and destroyed the Hotel Europa, the largest hotel in Sarajevo, as it was owned by Serb merchant Gligorije Jeftanović. Two Serbians were killed in the violence.[120]
The British steamerSS California ran aground on Tory Island off the north-west coast of Ireland in dense fog with over 1,000 passengers on board. Three British warships including the destroyerSwift, as well as the ocean liner Cassandra, rescued the stranded passengers. The ship was repaired and returned to duty within the year.[121]
The 12thTour de France began in Paris, with a total distance of 5,405 kilometres (3,359 mi) for cyclists to cover at an average speed of 26.835 kilometres per hour (16.674 mph).[122]
Died:Camillo Boito, 77, Italian architect and engineer, most known for the restoration of the Church and Campanile of Santi Maria e Donato at Murano, Italy (b. 1836)
U.S. President Woodrow Wilson sent a telegram to Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph: "Deeply shocked of the atrocious murder of his Imperial and Royal Highness Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his consort at an assassin's hands. I extend to your Majesty, and to the royal family, and to the Government of Austria-Hungary the sincere condolences of the Government and people of the United States and an expression of my profound sympathy."[128]
Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister Leopold Berchtold and Chief of the General Staff Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf debated the appropriate response to the events in Sarajevo, with Conrad advocating mobilization against Serbia. Berchtold opposed this, saying that public opinion must first be prepared, and suggested the following day that Serbia disbanding anti-Austrian societies and relieving certain officials of their duties for their bad acts may help ease tensions.[129]
Khioniya Guseva, a resident of Syzran, Russia attempted and failed to assassinate Grigori Rasputin at his home town in Siberia. She stabbed him in the abdomen as he left his home but the notorious "mad monk" was able to fight her off until a crowd intervened, forcing her to turn herself in to the town constable. She was declared insane by the courts and committed to an asylum in Tomsk until 1917.[131]
The International Exhibition opened at the "White City", Ashton Gate, Bristol, England. It closed on August 15 and the site was used as a military depot.[132]
Zaian War – The French and Zayanes fought their first real battle in Morocco, with the French sustaining 17 dead and 77 wounded, while the tribal militias suffered 140 dead.[134]
German Undersecretary of State Arthur Zimmermann addressed requests by Austria-Hungary and Germany for investigation into the Archduke's assassination but were rebuffed by Serbia.[135]
The U.S. Government sold two decommissioned battleships — the USS Mississippi and the USS Idaho — to the Greek Navy at a sum of US$12 million. The ships were renamed Kilkis and Lemnos respectively.[136]
^Dedijer, Vladimir (1966). "The Road to Sarajevo". New York: Simon and Schuster: 298. OCLC400010. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ JR全線全駅ステーション倶楽部編(上) [Complete JR Line/Station Compendium (Vol. 1)] (in Japanese). Tokyo, Japan: Bunshun Bunko. September 1988. p. 236-248. ISBN4-16-748701-2.
^"History of the Club". FC ŠTK Fluminense Šamorín (in Slovak). Retrieved 11 February 2019.
^Dasa, Jinaraja (2 February 1996). A Short Biography of Annie Besant. Adyar: T.P.H.
^Erickson, Marie Anne (2012). Ingrid Price (ed.). Frederick County chronicles : the crossroads of Maryland. Charleston, SC: The History Press. ISBN978-1609497750.
^"Zeppelin". Titanic Titanic.com. Archived from the original on 2 August 2010. Retrieved 31 July 2010.
^Buxton, Ian (2008). Big Gun Monitors: Design, Construction and Operations 1914–1945 (2nd ed.). Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. pp. 107–113. ISBN978-1-59114-045-0.
^Layman, R.D. (1989). Before the Aircraft Carrier: The Development of Aviation Vessels 1849-1922. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. p. 17. ISBN0-87021-210-9.
^Heaton-Armstrong, Duncan; Belfield, Gervase; Destani, Bejtullah D. (2005). The six month kingdom: Albania 1914. I. B. Tauris. p. 177. ISBN1-85043-761-0. According to the most detailed analysis of the circumstances ... he was probably killed by an unidentified Italian sniper, not Moslem rebels. (Goslinga, Gorrit T A. The Dutch in Albania. Rome, 1972, pp. 42–45)
^Mekloy, Pongpet (14 June 2018). "Rediscovering Phrae". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 14 June 2018.
^"On this Day..."James Joyce. The James Joyce Centre. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
^Stefoff, Rebecca (1993). Independence and Revolution in Mexico. New York: Facts On File Inc.
^Ralph D. Gray (2003). IUPUI: The Making of an Urban University. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 17. ISBN9780253342423.
^Brenner, Morgan G. (2009). The Majors of Golf: Complete Results of the Open, the U.S. Open, the PGA Championship and the Masters, 1860-2008. Vol. 1. McFarland. ISBN978-0-7864-3360-5.
^Michael O. Riley, Oz and Beyond: The Fantasy World of L. Frank Baum, Lawrence, KS, University Press of Kansas, 1991; pp. 186-7. ISBN0-7006-0832-X
^Albertini, Luigi (1953). "Origins of the War of 1914 II". Oxford: Oxford University Press: 534–39. OCLC168712. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^Smith, David James (2010). One Morning In Sarajevo. Hachette UK. ISBN9780297856085. He was photographed on the way to the station and the photograph has been reproduced many times in books and articles, claiming to depict the arrest of Gavrilo Princip. But there is no photograph of Gavro's arrest - this photograph shows the arrest of Behr.
^Chester, Keith (June 2014). "Assassination at Sarajevo". Narrow Gauge World (94): 35–38.
^"James Pliny Whitney, MPP". Legislative Assembly of Ontario Past Members. Toronto: Queen's Printer for Ontario. 2011. Archived from the original on 2014-03-13. Retrieved 2011-12-11.
^Fuhrmann, Joseph T. (2013). Rasputin, the untold story. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 117–118. ISBN978-1-118-17276-6.
^Cummings, O.R. (May 1956). "Grand Opening". Transportation. 10. Connecticut Valley Chapter National Railway Historical Society: 11. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
