Juma dialect

Juma
Juma
Kawahíva
Native to	Brazil
Region	Amazonas
Ethnicity	3 Juma (2021)
Extinct	February 17, 2021, with the death of Aruká Juma; 3 (2024)
Language family	Tupian Tupí–Guaraní Kawahib Juma; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	jua
Glottolog	juma1249
ELP	Júma

Júma is one of the eight ethnic varieties of the Kagwahiva language, which belongs to Subgroup VI of the Tupi-Guarani languages.^[3] The most elderly native speaker, called Aruka Juma, died in 2021.^[1]^[4]

Documentation

The language has been documented since 2019 through the recording of vocabulary lists, traditional narratives, everyday stories, etc. Some of the texts can accessed through the website of the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages.^[5]

Phonology

Source:^[6]^[7]

Consonants


		Bilabial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m	n		ŋ
Stop	voiceless	p	t		k	ʔ
Stop	voiced				ɡ
Fricative						h
Approximant				j	w
Rhotic			ɾ

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
High	i ĩ	ɨ ɨ̃	u ũ
Mid	ɛ ɛ̃		ɔ ɔ̃
Low		a ã

There are no supersegmentals, including stress.

References

^ ^a ^b Michael Astor (10 March 2021). "Aruká Juma, Last Man of His Tribe, Is Dead". New York Times.
^ "Kawahiva: documentation of vocabulary, grammar, texts, and verbal arts / Kawahiva: documentação do vocabulário, gramática, textos, e artes verbais | Endangered Languages Archive". www.elararchive.org. Retrieved 2025-08-04.
^ "Juma." Ethnologue. 2009. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
^ Astor, Michael (14 March 2021). "The last living man of the Juma people in Brazil has died from Covid-19". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
^ Juma, Aruka; Juma, Borea; Juma, Mandei; Karipuna, Adriano; Karipuna, André; Karipuna, Aripã; Karipuna, Batiti; Karipuna, Carlos; Karipuna, Katika; Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau, Boakara; Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau, Boreá; Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau, Boropó; Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau, Mandeí; Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau, Mandá; Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau, Pajajup; Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau, Tangãi; Dos Santos, Wesley; Karipuna, Manoel; Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau, Awip; Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau, Puré (2019). Kawahíva Language Documentation Archive. Survey of California and Other Indian Languages (Report). doi:10.7297/X2P26W9H.
^ "Júma". linguistics.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2025-02-12.
^ Abrahamson, Arne & Joyce (1984). Os fonemas da língua júma. In Robert A. Dooley (ed.), Estudos sobre línguas tupí do Brasil: Brasília: Summer Institute of Linguistics. pp. 157–174.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)

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[:0-1] Michael Astor (10 March 2021). "Aruká Juma, Last Man of His Tribe, Is Dead". New York Times.

[2] "Kawahiva: documentation of vocabulary, grammar, texts, and verbal arts / Kawahiva: documentação do vocabulário, gramática, textos, e artes verbais | Endangered Languages Archive". www.elararchive.org. Retrieved 2025-08-04.

[ethno-3] "Juma." Ethnologue. 2009. Retrieved 27 March 2012.

[NY_Times-4] Astor, Michael (14 March 2021). "The last living man of the Juma people in Brazil has died from Covid-19". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 April 2022.

[cla-5] Juma, Aruka; Juma, Borea; Juma, Mandei; Karipuna, Adriano; Karipuna, André; Karipuna, Aripã; Karipuna, Batiti; Karipuna, Carlos; Karipuna, Katika; Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau, Boakara; Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau, Boreá; Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau, Boropó; Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau, Mandeí; Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau, Mandá; Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau, Pajajup; Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau, Tangãi; Dos Santos, Wesley; Karipuna, Manoel; Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau, Awip; Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau, Puré (2019). Kawahíva Language Documentation Archive. Survey of California and Other Indian Languages (Report). doi:10.7297/X2P26W9H.

[6] "Júma". linguistics.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2025-02-12.

[7] Abrahamson, Arne & Joyce (1984). Os fonemas da língua júma. In Robert A. Dooley (ed.), Estudos sobre línguas tupí do Brasil: Brasília: Summer Institute of Linguistics. pp. 157–174.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)

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