Makurap language
Makurap (Macurapi) is a Tupian language of Brazil, spoken by the Makurap people of Rondônia. Portuguese is now the primary language of the younger Makurap; older members of Indigenous peoples in the region use Makurap during 'chichada' festivals where chicha is communally consumed.[2] PhonologyConsonants
Sounds /p, t, k/ are heard as voiced [b, d, ɡ] when before voiced consonants. Sounds /p, t, tʃ, k/ are heard as unreleased [p̚, t̚, c̚, k̚] when in word-final position. Nasal sounds /m, n, ŋ/ are heard as prenasalized stops [ᵐb, ⁿd, ᵑɡ] in syllable-initial positions in free variation. /w/ is also heard as a fricative [β] in free variation. /ɾ/ is also heard as liquid sounds [ɻ] and [l] in free variation. /j/ may also be heard as an affricate [dʒ] or prenasal [ⁿdʒ] in word-initial positions, and as [ɲ] when in between nasal vowels.[3] Vowels
/e/ may also be heard as [ɛ] in free variation. A length distinction is lost among younger speakers. For example, the words [tsãn] 'sweet' and [tsã:n] 'cold' are homophones in modern pronunciation.[2] References
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