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IC 4996

IC 4996
IC 4996 imaged in 2026
Observation data
Right ascension20h 17m 31s
Declination+37° 38′ 18″[1]
Distance5,600 (1,937[2])
Apparent magnitude (V)7.3[3]
Apparent dimensions (V)6'
Physical characteristics
Estimated age6-9 Myr
Other designationsCr 418
Associations
ConstellationCygnus
See also: Open cluster, List of open clusters

IC 4996 is an open cluster in Cygnus. It is located on the galactic plane. Is is located in the same part of the sky as LBN 206 and LBN 209.[3] IC 4996 is a young open cluster. The cluster contains 76 known stars.[2] The cluster contains a trapezium made of seven bright stars. These seven stars are all between around magnitudes 8-9.[4]

History

The cluster was first observed by William Herschel on September 20, 1786, however was not included in his catalogue or the NGC catalogue. His discovery of the cluster remained unpublished and unknown until his work was reviewed by Wolfgang Steinicke. German astronomer Hugo Clemens would independently discover the cluster on Jun 13, 1896, which was published in the Publications of the Astrophysical Observatory of Potsdam. It would be independently discovered a third time by Frank Arthur Bellamy on October 9, 1903. John Dreyer was unaware of Clemens' discovery of the cluster when including it in the IC catalog in 1908, and therefore cited Bellamy as the discoverer.[4][5]

It was previously believed that IC 4996 was a member of the Cyg OB1 stellar association, however the cluster is located 4.6 times further away than the association, meaning it is not. It is possible, though yet unproven, that IC 4996 may be a part of the Cyg OB3 association.[2]

It is located 28' from P Cygni. P Cygni is the brightest star in another hypothetical open cluster, the accordingly named P Cygni Cluster, which is thought to form a double cluster with IC 4996.[6] The hypothesis was first proposed in 2001, however evidence to support it was not uncovered until 2020, when data from Gaia revealed that the proper motion of P Cygni and IC 4996 allowed for the double cluster hypothesis to be true. It is yet to be completely proven.[7]

References

  1. ^ "IC 4996 - Open Cluster in Cygnus". The SKy Live.
  2. ^ a b c Straižys, V.; Boyle, R. P.; Milašius, K.; Černis, K.; Macijauskas, M.; Munari, U.; Janusz, R.; Zdanavičius, J.; Zdanavičius, K.; Maskoliūnas, M.; Raudeliūnas, S.; Kazlauskas, A. (2019-03-01). "Young open cluster IC 4996 and its vicinity: multicolor photometry and Gaia DR2 astrometry". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 623: A22. arXiv:1901.11375. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833987. ISSN 0004-6361.
  3. ^ a b "IC 4996 + Berkeley 85". Astrophoton.
  4. ^ a b "IC 4996 and NGC 6888 in Cygnus, and IC 4997 in Sagitta". The Webb Deep-Sky Society. September 2020.
  5. ^ Segilman, Courtney. "Celestial Atlas".
  6. ^ French, Sue (September 1, 2007). "The graceful swan: Cygnus is a wonderland for deep-sky observers". The Free Library, Sky & Telescope.
  7. ^ Beradze, Sopia; Kochiashvili, Nino (2019). "Possible connection between P Cygni and neighboring open clusters". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union. 14 (S351): 181–184. doi:10.1017/S1743921319006999. ISSN 1743-9213.

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