3C 438

3C 438
3C 438 in radiowaves by the Very Large Array
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationCygnus
Right ascension21h 55m 52.324s[1]
Declination+38° 00′ 28.51″[1]
Redshift0.290[2]
Distance1,113 megaparsecs (3,630 Mly) h−1
0.73[2]
Apparent magnitude (V)19.20[2]
Characteristics
TypeSyG, AGN, X, G, QSO[1]
G, FR II, Sy[2]
Other designations
LEDA 2817736, 3C 438, 4C 37.63

3C 438 is a Seyfert galaxy and Fanaroff and Riley class II radio galaxy[1][2] located in the constellation Cygnus. The radio galaxy has two lobes and there is a radio jet leading to the south lobe, which also has a prominent double hot spot.[3] There is age variation across the lobes.[4]

3C 438 is a member of a galaxy cluster and three galaxies are located close to it, the closest one being 4 arcseconds to the northeast.[5] The galaxy cluster has been found when observed by the Chandra X-ray Observatory to have hot intergalactic gas, with a temperature of about 11 KeV, which when discovered in 2007 was the highest ever found, slightly hotter than the Bullet Cluster.[6] The high temperature is the result of the merger of two galaxy clusters, as the relative movement of one subcluster has created a bow shock in the hot gas.[7]

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Query : 3C 438". Simbad. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
  2. ^ a b c d e "NED results for object 3C 438". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
  3. ^ Hardcastle, M. J.; Alexander, P.; Pooley, G. G.; Riley, J. M. (11 July 1997). "High-resolution observations at 3.6 cm of seventeen FR II radio galaxies with 0.15". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 288 (4): 859–890. doi:10.1093/mnras/288.4.859.
  4. ^ Harwood, Jeremy J.; Hardcastle, Martin J.; Croston, Judith H. (21 December 2015). "Spectral ageing in the lobes of cluster-centre FR II radio galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 454 (4): 3403–3422. arXiv:1509.06757. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv2194.
  5. ^ Madrid, Juan P.; Chiaberge, Marco; Floyd, David; Sparks, William B.; Macchetto, Duccio; Miley, George K.; Axon, David; Capetti, Alessandro; O’Dea, Christopher P.; Baum, Stefi; Perlman, Eric; Quillen, Alice (June 2006). "Hubble Space Telescope Near-Infrared Snapshot Survey of 3CR Radio Source Counterparts at Low Redshift". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 164 (2): 307–333. arXiv:astro-ph/0603239. Bibcode:2006ApJS..164..307M. doi:10.1086/504480. S2CID 118882508.
  6. ^ Kraft, R. P.; Forman, W. R.; Hardcastle, M. J.; Jones, C.; Nulsen, P. E. J. (1 August 2007). "The Disturbed 17 keV Cluster Associated with the Radio Galaxy 3C 438". The Astrophysical Journal. 664 (2): L83 – L86. arXiv:0706.4014. Bibcode:2007ApJ...664L..83K. doi:10.1086/520955. S2CID 17918659.
  7. ^ Emery, Deanna L.; Bogdán, Ákos; Kraft, Ralph P.; Andrade-Santos, Felipe; Forman, William R.; Hardcastle, Martin J.; Jones, Christine (10 January 2017). "A spectacular bow shock in the 11 keV galaxy cluster around 3C 438". The Astrophysical Journal. 834 (2): 159. arXiv:1611.03489. Bibcode:2017ApJ...834..159E. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/834/2/159.



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