List of open clusters

The open cluster Messier 6 in the constellation Scorpius is also known as the Butterfly Cluster or NGC 6405

This is a list of open clusters located in the Milky Way. An open cluster is an association of up to a few thousand stars that all formed from the same giant molecular cloud. There are over 1,000 known open clusters in the Milky Way galaxy, but the actual total may be up to ten times higher.^[1] The estimated half-lives of clusters, after which half the original cluster members will have been lost, range from 150 million to 800 million years, depending on the original density.^[2]

Table

Cluster identifier	Image	Epoch J2000		Constellation	Distance (Light-years)	Age (Myr)	Diameter	Apparent magnitude	Notes
Cluster identifier	Image	R. A.	Dec.	Constellation	Distance (Light-years)	Age (Myr)	Diameter	Apparent magnitude	Notes
Hyades		04^h 26.9^m	+15° 52′	Taurus	153	625	330'	0.5	^[3]
Coma Star Cluster		12^h 22.5^m	+25° 51′	Coma Berenices	280	400-500	120'	1.8	^[4]
Messier 45 (Pleiades)		03^h 47.4^m	+24° 07′	Taurus	444	125	120'	1.2	^[5]
IC 2602 (Southern Pleiades/Theta Carinae Cluster)		10^h 43.2^m	−64° 24′	Carina	486	30	100'	1.9	^[6]
Alpha Persei Cluster		03^h 26.0^m	+49° 07′	Perseus	570	50	300'	1.2	^[7]
IC 2391 (Omicron Velorum Cluster)		08^h 40.6^m	−53° 02′	Vela	574	30	60'	2.5	^[6]
NGC 2451 A		07^h 45.4^m	−37° 58′	Puppis	600	50	45'	2.8	^[8]^[9]
Messier 44 (Beehive Cluster)		08^h 40.4^m	+19° 41′	Cancer	610	830	70'	3.1	^[10]^[11]
Melotte 186		18^h 01.1^m	+02° 54′	Ophiuchus	652	100	240'	3.0	^[12]
Blanco 1		00^h 04.3^m	−29° 56′	Sculptor	850+160 −130	100	90'	4.5	^[6]
Messier 7 (Ptolemy's Cluster)		17^h 53.8^m	−34° 47′	Scorpius	980 ± 33	224	80'	3.3	^[8]^[13]
Messier 39 (Pyramid Cluster)		21^h 31.8^m	+48° 27′	Cygnus	1,010	280	30'	4.6	^[1]^[8]
IC 348		03^h 44.6^m	+32° 10′	Perseus	1,028	44	7'	7.3	^[1]
NGC 6633		18^h 27.7^m	+06° 34′	Ophiuchus	1,040	660	20'	4.6	^[14]
Pi Puppis Cluster		07^h 08^m	−37° 10′	Puppis	1,040.5		50'	2.1	^[15]
NGC 2232		06^h 26.4^m	−04° 45′	Monoceros	1,060	53	45'	3.9	^[1]^[8]
Trumpler 10		08^h 47.8^m	−42° 29′	Vela	1,100	35	14'	4.6	^[1]^[8]
IC 4665 (Summer Beehive Cluster)		17^h 46.3^m	+05° 43′	Ophiuchus	1,120	43	70'	4.2	^[1]
NGC 2547		08^h 10.8^m	−49° 18′	Vela	1,190	38	25'	4.7	^[8]
Collinder 140		07^h 24.5^m	−31° 51′	Canis Major	1,226	35	42'	3.5	^[1]^[8]
IC 4756 (Graff's Cluster)		18^h 39.0^m	−05° 27′	Serpens	1,300	500	40'	4.6	^[1]^[8]
NGC 2516 (Southern Beehive Cluster)		07^h 58.0^m	−60° 48′	Carina	1,300	141	30'	3.8	^[8]^[13]
Lambda Orionis Cluster		05^h 35^m	+09° 56′	Orion	1,300	5		2.8	^[16]
NGC 3532 (Wishing Well Cluster)		11^h 06.4^m	−58° 40′	Carina	1,321	316	50'	3.0	^[8]^[13]
Trapezium Cluster		5^h 35.4^m	−05° 27′	Orion	1,344 ± 20	0.3	0.783'	4.0	^[17]
NGC 752		01^h 57.7^m	+37° 47′	Andromeda	1,470	1,700–2,000	75'	5.7	^[18]
Messier 34 (Spiral Cluster)		02^h 42.1^m	+42° 46′	Perseus	1,500	180	36'	5.2	^[1]^[13]
Messier 6 (Butterfly Cluster)		17^h 40.1^m	−32° 13′	Scorpius	1,590	94	20'	4.2	^[1]
Messier 47		07^h 36.6^m	−14° 30′	Puppis	1,600	73	25'	4.4	^[1]
NGC 6281 (Moth Wing Cluster)		17^h 04.7^m	−37° 59′	Scorpius	1,611	220	8'	5.4	^[1]
Messier 25		18^h 31.7^m	−19° 07′	Sagittarius	2,000	92	30'	4.6	^[1]
Messier 23		17^h 57.0^m	−18° 59′	Sagittarius	2,050	300	30'	5.5	^[1]^[13]
Messier 41		06^h 46.0^m	−20° 46′	Canis Major	2,360	240	40'	4.5	^[1]^[13]
Messier 48		08^h 13.7^m	−05° 45′	Hydra	2,500	400	30'	5.8	^[1]
Messier 67 (King Cobra Cluster/Golden Eye Cluster)		08^h 51.3^m	+11° 48′	Cancer	2,610 – 2,930	4,000	25'	6.9	^[1]^[13]
Messier 50 (Heart-shaped Cluster)		07^h 02.6^m	−08° 23′	Monoceros	2,870	130	14'	5.9	^[19]
Messier 35 (Shoe-Buckle Cluster)		06^h 09.1^m	+24° 21′	Gemini	2,970	180	25'	5.0	^[19]
Messier 93 (Critter Cluster)		07^h 44.6^m	−23° 52′	Puppis	3,380	390	10'	6.2	^[1]
Messier 38 (Starfish Cluster)		05^h 28.7^m	+35° 51′	Auriga	3,480	316	20'	6.4	^[1]
Collinder 121		07^h 08^m	−37° 10′	Canis Major	3,590 ± 0.72		50'	2.6	^[20]
Messier 21 (Webb's Cross)		18^h 04.2^m	−22° 29′	Sagittarius	3,930	12	14'	5.9	^[1]
Messier 18 (Black Swan Cluster)		18^h 20.0^m	−17° 06′	Sagittarius	4,230	17	5'	6.9	^[1]
Messier 36 (Pinwheel Cluster)		05^h 36.2^m	+34° 08′	Auriga	4,340 ± 0.87	25	10'	6.0	^[1]
Messier 37 (Salt and Pepper Cluster)		05^h 52.3^m	+32° 33′	Auriga	4,500	347	14'	5.6	^[1]
Messier 52 (Scorpion Cluster)		23^h 24.8^m	+61° 35′	Cassiopeia	4,600	160	15	6.9	^[1]
Messier 46		07^h 41.7^m	−14° 49′	Puppis	4,920 ± 980	250	20'	6.1	^[1]
Messier 26		18^h 45.3^m	−09° 23′	Scutum	5,160	85	7'	8.0	^[1]
Messier 16 (Eagle Nebula)		18^h 18.8^m	−13° 49′	Serpens	5,700 ± 400	1.3	6'	6.0	^[1]
Messier 11 (Wild Duck Cluster)		18^h 51.1^m	−06° 16′	Scutum	6,120	250	13'	5.8	^[1]^[13]^[21]
Messier 103		01^h 33.4^m	+60° 39′	Cassiopeia	9,400	16	5'	7.4	^[22]
Messier 24 (Small Sagittarius Star Cloud)		18^h 17.0^m	−18° 29′	Sagittarius	10,000	220	90'	2.5	^[1]^[13]
Arp-Madore 2		07^h 38.8^m	−33° 51′	Puppis	30,000	5,000	1.3'		^[23]
NGC 2070		05^h 38.7^m	−69° 06′	Dorado	157,000	1.5	3.5'	7.25	^[24]^[25]
Hodge 301		05^h 38.5^m	−69° 04′	Dorado	168,000	25	0.5'	11	^[26]^[27]
Collinder 261	12^h 38.0^m	−68° 22′	Musca	2,500	8,000	9'	10.7	^[28]^[29]
NGC 225	00^h 43.6^m	+61° 46′	Cassiopeia	657	130	12'	7.0	^[1]
NGC 5662	14^h 35.6^m	−56° 37′	Centaurus	666	70	30'	5.5	^[1]^[13]
NGC 5460	14^h 07.4^m	−48° 20′	Centaurus	678	160	36'	5.6	^[1]^[13]
NGC 189	00^h 39.7^m	+61° 04′	Cassiopeia	752	10	3.7'	8.8	^[1]
NGC 6025	16^h 03.3^m	−60° 26′	Triangulum Australe	756	130	14'	5.1	^[1]^[13]
IC 5146	21^h 53.5^m	+47° 16′	Cygnus	852	1	9'	7.2	^[1]
NGC 2301	06^h 51.75^m	+00° 28′	Monoceros	858	165	12'	6.0	^[30]
IC 4651	17^h 24.8^m	−49° 56′	Ara	888	1,900	10'	6.9	^[1]^[13]
NGC 6087, S Normae Cluster	16^h 18.8^m	−57° 56′	Norma	891	70	14'	5.4	^[1]^[13]
NGC 3114	10^h 02.7^m	−60° 07′	Carina	911	124	36'	4.2	^[1]
NGC 2509	08^h 00.7^m	−19° 04′	Puppis	912	Uncertain^[31]	10'	9.3	^[32]
NGC 2264	06^h 41.0^m	+09° 53′	Monoceros	913	1.5	40'	3.9	^[33]
NGC 1502	04^h 07.8^m	+62° 20′	Camelopardalis	1,000	10	8'	5.7	^[1]
Berkeley 59	00^h 04.0^m	+68° 35′	Cepheus	1,000	2	180'		^[34]
NGC 2169	06^h 08.4^m	+13° 58′	Orion	1,052	12	5'	5.9	^[1]
NGC 6242	16^h 55.6^m	−39° 28′	Scorpius	1,131	50	9'	6.4	^[1]^[13]
NGC 381	01^h 08.3^m	+61° 35′	Cassiopeia	1,148	320	7'	9.3	^[1]
NGC 6204	16^h 46.1^m	−47° 01′	Ara	1,200	79	6'	8.2	^[1]
NGC 6231	16^h 54.1^m	−41° 50′	Scorpius	1,243	6	14'	2.6	^[1]^[13]
NGC 2439	07^h 40.8^m	−31° 41′	Puppis	1,300	25	9'	6.9	^[1]^[13]
NGC 6067	16^h 13.2^m	−54° 13′	Norma	1,417	170	14'	5.6	^[1]^[13]
NGC 2362, Tau Canis Majoris Cluster	07^h 18.6^m	−24° 59′	Canis Major	1,480	4–5	5'	4.1	^[35]
NGC 6756	19^h 08.7^m	+04° 42′	Aquila	1,507	62	4'	4.5	^[1]
NGC 6031	16^h 07.9^m	−54° 03′	Norma	1,510	117	3'	8.5	^[1]^[36]
NGC 2175	06^h 09.7^m	+20° 29′	Orion	1,627	8.9	5'	6.8	^[1]
NGC 188	00^h 48.4^m	+85° 15′	Cepheus	1,660	6,600	17'	8.1	^[13]^[37]
NGC 2244	06^h 31.9^m	+04° 56′	Monoceros	1,660	1.9	30'	4.8	^[1]
NGC 129	00^h 30.0^m	+60° 13′	Cassiopeia	1,670	76	21′	6.5	^[38]
NGC 2360, Caroline's Cluster	07^h 17.7^m	−15° 38′	Canis Major	1,887	1,000	13'	7.2	^[1]^[13]
NGC 6834	19^h 52.2^m	+29° 25′	Cygnus	1,930	76	5'	7.8	^[1]^[36]
NGC 659	01^h 44.4^m	+60° 40′	Cassiopeia	1,938	35	5'	7.9	^[1]
NGC 4755, Jewel Box	12^h 53.6^m	−60° 22′	Crux	1,976	14	10'	4.2	^[1]^[13]
NGC 6200	16^h 44.1^m	−47° 28′	Ara	2,056	8.5	12'	7.4	^[39]
NGC 869	02^h 19.1^m	+57° 09′	Perseus	2,079	12	18'	3.7	^[1]
NGC 637	01^h 43.0^m	+64° 02′	Cassiopeia	2,160	10	4.2'	8.2	^[1]
NGC 2355	07^h 17.0^m	+13° 47′	Gemini	2,200	955	5'	9.7	^[1]^[13]
NGC 2129	06^h 01.1^m	+23° 19′	Gemini	2,200	10	5'	6.7	^[1]^[40]
NGC 663	01^h 46.1^m	+61° 14′	Cassiopeia	2,420	25	14'	7.1	^[1]
NGC 457	01^h 19.1^m	+58° 17′	Cassiopeia	2,429	21	20'	6.4	^[41]
NGC 2204	06^h 15.5^m	−18° 40′	Canis Major	2,629	787	13'	8.6	^[1]
NGC 884	02^h 22.0^m	+57° 08′	Perseus	2,940	14	18'	3.8	^[1]^[13]
NGC 1931	05^h 31.0^m	+34° 15′	Auriga	3,086	10	3'	10.1	^[1]
NGC 1980	5^h 25.43^m	−05° 54′	Orion	550	4.7	14'	2.5	^[42]
NGC 2158	06^h 07.4^m	+24° 06′	Gemini	5,071	1,054	5'	8.6	^[1]
Teutsch 2	05^h 41.4^m	+39° 14′	Auriga	5,700	900	2'	11	^[43]
NGC 6791	19^h 20.9^m	+37° 46′	Lyra	5,853	8,900	16'	9.5	^[1]^[13]
NGC 3293	10^h 35.8^m	−58° 13′	Carina	2,750	8	8'	4.7
NGC 3766, Pearl Cluster	11^h 36.2^m	−61° 37′	Centaurus	1745	14	12'	5.3
NGC 7419	22^h 54.3^m	+60° 48.9′	Cepheus	2,800		2'	13
NGC 7789, White Rose Cluster	23^h 57.4^m	+56° 43′	Cassiopeia	2,337	1,700	16'	6.7	^[44]
Gaia 1	06^h 45.9^m	−16° 45′	Canis Major	4,600	6,300	13'	8.3
Ru 7	06^h 58.9^m	−13° 15′	Canis Major					^{[citation needed]}

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^ "open cluster NGC 6200". WEBDA. Universität Wien. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
^ Carraro, Giovanni; Chaboyer, Brian; Perencevich, James (January 2006). "The young open cluster NGC 2129". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 365 (8): 867–873. arXiv:astro-ph/0510573. Bibcode:2006MNRAS.365..867C. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09762.x. S2CID 15621721.
^ Frinchaboy, Peter M.; et al. (2008). "Open Clusters as Galactic Disk Tracers. I. Project Motivation, Cluster Membership, and Bulk Three-Dimensional Kinematics". The Astronomical Journal. 136 (1): 118–145. arXiv:0804.4630. Bibcode:2008AJ....136..118F. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/136/1/118. S2CID 16641439. See table I, p. 12.
^ "The open cluster NGC 1980". In the Sky. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
^ Bonatto, C.; Bica, E. (22 October 2010). "The wide variety of evolutionary stages among 34 unstudied Teutsch open clusters". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 521: A74. Bibcode:2010A&A...521A..74B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015222. hdl:10183/99276.
^ Kharchenko, N. V; Piskunov, A. E; Röser, S; Schilbach, E; Scholz, R.-D (2005). "Astrophysical parameters of Galactic open clusters". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 438 (3): 1163–1173. arXiv:astro-ph/0501674. Bibcode:2005A&A...438.1163K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042523. S2CID 9079873.

[aaa389-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl Dias W.S.; Alessi B.S.; Moitinho A.; Lepine J.R.D. (July 2002). "New catalog of optically visible open clusters and candidates". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 389 (3): 871–873. arXiv:astro-ph/0203351. Bibcode:2002A&A...389..871D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020668. S2CID 18502004. Note: see the VizieR catalogue B/ocl.

[pasp110-2] La Fuente, M. R. (1998). "Dynamical Evolution of Open Star Clusters". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 110 (751): 1117. Bibcode:1998PASP..110.1117D. doi:10.1086/316220.

[Perryman-3] Perryman, M.A.C.; et al. (1998). "The Hyades: distance, structure, dynamics, and age". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 331: 81–120. arXiv:astro-ph/9707253. Bibcode:1998A&A...331...81P.

[mnras365_2-4] Casewell, S. L.; Jameson, R. F.; Dobbie, P. D. (January 2006). "New stellar members of the Coma Berenices open star cluster". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 365 (2): 447–453. arXiv:astro-ph/0510133. Bibcode:2006MNRAS.365..447C. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09689.x.

[Percival-5] Percival, S. M.; Salaris, M.; Groenewegen, M. A. T. (2005). "The distance to the Pleiades. Main sequence fitting in the near infrared". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 429 (3): 887–894. arXiv:astro-ph/0409362. Bibcode:2005A&A...429..887P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041694. S2CID 14842664.

[sp-402-6] Mermilliod, J.-C.; Turon, C.; Robichon, N.; Arenou, F.; Lebreton, Y. (May 13–16, 1997). "The Distance of the Pleiades and Nearby Clusters". Proceedings of the ESA Symposium 'Hipparcos - Venice '97'. Venice, Italy: ESA. Bibcode:1997ESASP.402..643M.

[apj510_1-7] Basri, Gibor; Martín, Eduardo L. (January 1999). "The Mass and Age of Very Low Mass Members of the Open Cluster alpha Persei". The Astrophysical Journal. 510 (1): 266–273. arXiv:astro-ph/9807145. Bibcode:1999ApJ...510..266B. doi:10.1086/306564. S2CID 2562718.

[aaa345-8] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Robichon, N.; et al. (2005). "Open clusters with Hipparcos. I. Mean astrometric parameters". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 345: 471–484. arXiv:astro-ph/9903131. Bibcode:1999A&A...345..471R.

[aaa402-9] Hünsch, M.; Weidner, C. & Schmitt, J. H. M. M. (May 2003). "An X-ray study of the open clusters NGC 2451 A and B". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 402 (2): 571–586. Bibcode:2003A&A...402..571H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20030268.

[mnras342_4-10] Pinfield, D. J.; et al. (July 2003). "Brown dwarfs and low-mass stars in the Pleiades and Praesepe: membership and binarity". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 342 (4): 1241–1259. arXiv:astro-ph/0303600. Bibcode:2003MNRAS.342.1241P. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06630.x. S2CID 285922.

[11] "NGC 2632". sim-id. Retrieved 2020-06-11.

[mel186-12] "Cl Melotte 186". sim-id. Retrieved 2020-07-13.

[aaass98-13] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x Meynet, G.; Mermilliod, J.-C.; Maeder, A. (May 1993). "New dating of galactic open clusters". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 98 (3): 477–504. Bibcode:1993A&AS...98..477M.

[AAA497_1_209-14] van Leeuwen, F. (February 2013), "Parallaxes and proper motions for 20 open clusters as based on the new Hipparcos catalogue", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 497 (1): 209–242, arXiv:0902.1039, Bibcode:2009A&A...497..209V, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200811382, S2CID 16420237.

[15] "Cl Collinder 135". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2020-06-07.

[16] "Cl Collinder 69". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2020-06-07.

[arxiv0902-17] Reid, M. J.; et al. (2009). "Trigonometric Parallaxes of Massive Star Forming Regions: VI. Galactic Structure, Fundamental Parameters and Non-Circular Motions". Astrophysical Journal. 700 (1): 137–148. arXiv:0902.3913. Bibcode:2009ApJ...700..137R. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/700/1/137. S2CID 11347166.

[aaa490_1-18] Giardino, G.; et al. (October 2008). "The X-ray luminosity of solar-mass stars in the intermediate age open cluster NGC 752". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 490 (1): 113–123. arXiv:0808.3451. Bibcode:2008A&A...490..113G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200810042. S2CID 18980057.

[apj126_3-19] Kalirai, Jasonjot Singh; Fahlman, Gregory G.; Richer, Harvey B.; Ventura, Paolo (September 2003). "The CFHT Open Star Cluster Survey. IV. Two Rich, Young Open Star Clusters: NGC 2168 (M35) and NGC 2323 (M50)". The Astronomical Journal. 126 (3): 1402–1414. arXiv:astro-ph/0306241. Bibcode:2003AJ....126.1402K. doi:10.1086/377320. S2CID 17018911.

[20] "Cl Collinder 121". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2020-06-07.

[aaa412-21] Paunzen, E.; Pintado, O. I.; Maitzen, H. M. (December 2003). "CCD photometric search for peculiar stars in open clusters. V. NGC 2099, NGC 3114, NGC 6204, NGC 6705 and NGC 6756". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 412 (3): 721–725. arXiv:astro-ph/0310069. Bibcode:2003A&A...412..721P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20031065. S2CID 6381138.

[aaa349-22] Sanner, J.; et al. (September 1999). "Photometric and kinematic studies of open star clusters. I. NGC 581 (M 103)". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 349: 448–456. arXiv:astro-ph/9908059. Bibcode:1999A&A...349..448S.

[aj113-23] Lee, Myung Gyoon (February 1997). "UBVI CCD Photometry of the Remote Old Open Cluster AM-2". Astronomical Journal. 113: 729–739. Bibcode:1997AJ....113..729L. doi:10.1086/118292.

[SIMBAD-24] "NGC 2070". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 11 August 2017.

[tycho2-25] Høg, E.; Fabricius, C.; Makarov, V. V.; Urban, S.; Corbin, T.; Wycoff, G.; Bastian, U.; Schwekendiek, P.; Wicenec, A. (2000). The Tycho-2 catalogue of the 2.5 million brightest stars. Vol. 355. pp. L27. Bibcode:2000A&A...355L..27H. doi:10.1888/0333750888/2862. ISBN 978-0333750889. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)

[heritage9912-26] "Hodge 301". The Hubble Heritage Project. NASA. April 1, 1999. Retrieved 2010-03-25.

[aj119_2-27] Grebel, Eva K.; Chu, You-Hua (February 2000). "Hubble Space Telescope Photometry of Hodge 301: An "Old" Star Cluster in 30 Doradus". The Astronomical Journal. 119 (2): 787–799. arXiv:astro-ph/9910426. Bibcode:2000AJ....119..787G. doi:10.1086/301218. S2CID 118590210.

[28] "Cl Collinder 261". sim-id. Retrieved 2020-06-11.

[29] Salaris, M; Weiss, A; Percival, S. M. (2004). "The age of the oldest Open Clusters" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics: 165–167.

[simbad-30] "SIMBAD Astronomical Database". Results for NGC 2301. Retrieved 2019-04-30.

[aaa464_2-31] Carraro, G.; Costa, E. (March 2007). "Photometry of the five marginally studied open clusters Collinder 74, Berkeley 27, Haffner 8, NGC 2509, and VdB-Hagen 4". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 464 (2): 573–580. arXiv:astro-ph/0611705. Bibcode:2007A&A...464..573C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20066350. S2CID 1419651.

[basi31-32] Sujatha, S.; Babu, G. S. D. (2003). "Study of open cluster NGC 2509". Bulletin of the Astronomical Society of India. 31: 9–18. Bibcode:2003BASI...31....9S.

[AJ138_3_963-33] Baxter, Eric J.; et al. (September 2009), "The Distance to NGC 2264", The Astronomical Journal, 138 (3): 963–974, arXiv:0907.3139, Bibcode:2009AJ....138..963B, doi:10.1088/0004-6256/138/3/963, S2CID 7940517.

[mnras383_3-34] Pandey, A. K.; et al. (January 2008). "Stellar contents and star formation in the young star cluster Be 59". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 383 (3): 1241–1258. arXiv:0710.5429. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.383.1241P. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12641.x. S2CID 6776240.

[apj698_1-35] Currie, Thayne; et al. (June 2009). "The Last Gasp of Gas Giant Planet Formation: A Spitzer Study of the 5 Myr Old Cluster NGC 2362". The Astrophysical Journal. 698 (1): 1–27. arXiv:0903.2666. Bibcode:2009ApJ...698....1C. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/698/1/1. S2CID 9207187.

[aaa454-36] Paunzen, E.; et al. (July 2006). "CCD photometric search for peculiar stars in open clusters. VII. Berkeley 11, Berkeley 94, Haffner 15, Lyngå 1, NGC 6031, NGC 6405, NGC 6834 and Ruprecht 130". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 454 (1): 171–178. arXiv:astro-ph/0602567. Bibcode:2006A&A...454..171P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20054628. S2CID 5131254.

[aaa433_3-37] Bonatto, C.; Bica, E.; Santos, J. F. C. Jr. (April 2005). "Spatial dependence of 2MASS luminosity and mass functions in the old open cluster NGC 188". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 433 (3): 917–929. arXiv:astro-ph/0502453. Bibcode:2005A&A...433..917B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041113. S2CID 5134042.

[turner1992-38] Turner, David G.; et al. (September 1992). "Galactic clusters with associated Cepheid variables. II - NGC 129 and DL Cassiopeiae". Astronomical Journal. 104 (3): 1132–1143. Bibcode:1992AJ....104.1132T. doi:10.1086/116302.

[webda-39] "open cluster NGC 6200". WEBDA. Universität Wien. Retrieved 2011-10-28.

[ras365-40] Carraro, Giovanni; Chaboyer, Brian; Perencevich, James (January 2006). "The young open cluster NGC 2129". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 365 (8): 867–873. arXiv:astro-ph/0510573. Bibcode:2006MNRAS.365..867C. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09762.x. S2CID 15621721.

[aj136-41] Frinchaboy, Peter M.; et al. (2008). "Open Clusters as Galactic Disk Tracers. I. Project Motivation, Cluster Membership, and Bulk Three-Dimensional Kinematics". The Astronomical Journal. 136 (1): 118–145. arXiv:0804.4630. Bibcode:2008AJ....136..118F. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/136/1/118. S2CID 16641439. See table I, p. 12.

[NGC_1980-42] "The open cluster NGC 1980". In the Sky. Retrieved 27 November 2017.

[bonatto2010-43] Bonatto, C.; Bica, E. (22 October 2010). "The wide variety of evolutionary stages among 34 unstudied Teutsch open clusters". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 521: A74. Bibcode:2010A&A...521A..74B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015222. hdl:10183/99276.

[kharchenko-44] Kharchenko, N. V; Piskunov, A. E; Röser, S; Schilbach, E; Scholz, R.-D (2005). "Astrophysical parameters of Galactic open clusters". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 438 (3): 1163–1173. arXiv:astro-ph/0501674. Bibcode:2005A&A...438.1163K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042523. S2CID 9079873.

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List of open clusters

Table

See also

References

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