Fujiwara no Tokihira

Fujiwara no Tokihira

Born	871
Died	909
Nationality	Japanese
Parents	Fujiwara no Mototsune (father)

Fujiwara no Tokihira (藤原時平, 871 – April 26, 909) was a Japanese statesman, courtier, regent and politician of the powerful Fujiwara clan during the Heian period.^[1]

Career

Tokihira was a minister under Emperor Daigo.^[1]

891 (Kanpyō 3, 3rd month): Tokihira was given a rank which was the equivalent of sangi.^[2]
897 (Kanpyō 9, 6th month): Tokihira was made Dainagon with a rank equal to that of a General of the Left.^[3]
899 (Shōtai 2): Tokihira was named Sadaijin^[4]
900 (Shōtai 3): Tokihira accused Sugawara no Michizane of plotting against the emperor.^[5] This led to Michizane's exile to the Dazaifu in Kyūshū.^[6]
909 (Engi 9, 4th month): Tokihira died at age 39. He was honored with posthumous rank and titles.^[7]

Genealogy

This member of the Fujiwara clan was the son of Fujiwara no Mototsune.^[1] Tokihira had two brothers: Fujiwara no Tadahira and Fujiwara no Nakahira.^[8]

Father: Fujiwara no Mototsune
Mother: Daughter of Imperial Prince Saneyasu
Wife: Princess Renshi (廉子女王), daughter of Imperial Prince Motoyasu
- 1st Son: Fujiwara no Yasutada (藤原保忠; 890-936)
- Daughter: Fujiwara no Hōshi (藤原褒子), consort of Emperor Uda
- Daughter: Fujiwara no Hitoshi (藤原仁善子)
Wife: Daughter of Minamoto Jin
- 2nd Son: Fujiwara no Akitadata (藤原顕忠; 898-965)
Wife: Daughter of Ariwara no Muneyana
- 3rd Son: Fujiwara no Atsutada (藤原敦忠; 906-943)
Wife: Unknown
- Daughter: Concubine of Fujiwara no Saneyori
- Daughter: Wife of Imperial Prince Atsumi
- Daughter: Wife of Imperial Prince Yoshiakira

Selected works

In a statistical overview derived from writings by and about Fujiwara no Tokihira, OCLC/WorldCat encompasses roughly 35 works in 69 publications in 1 language and 122 library holdings.^[9]

Sandai jitsuroku (三代實).^[1]
Engi shiki (延喜式).^[1]

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Fujiwara no Tokihira" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 210, p. 210, at Google Books; Brinkley, Frank et al. (1915). A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era, p. 203., p. 203, at Google Books
^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 127., p. 127, at Google Books; see "Fousiwara-no Toki fira", pre-Hepburn romanization
^ Titsingh, p. 129., p. 129, at Google Books
^ Titsingh, p. 130., p. 130, at Google Books.
^ Brinkley, p. 244., p. 244, at Google Books; excerpt, "...three principal contrivers of Michizane's disgrace [were] Fujiwara Tokihira, Fujiwara Sugane, and Minamoto Hikaru ...."
^ Brinkley, p. 249., p. 249, at Google Books; excerpt, "From one point of view, Michizane's overthrow by Fujiwara Tokihira may be regarded as a collision between the Confucian doctrines which informed the polity of the Taika epoch and the power of aristocratic heredity."
^ Titsingh, p. 132., p. 132, at Google Books.
^ Brinkley, p. 241., p. 241, at Google Books
^ WorldCat Identities Archived December 30, 2010, at the Wayback Machine: 藤原時平 871-909

References

Brinkley, Frank and Dairoku Kikuchi. (1915). A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era. New York: Encyclopædia Britannica. OCLC 413099
Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128
Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Odai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691

Fujiwara family tree

Kamatari^[1]
614–669

Fuhito^[2]
659–720

NANKE branch

HOKKE branch

SHIKIKE branch

KYŌKE branch

Muchimaro^[2]
680–737

Fusasaki^[2]
681–737

Umakai^[2]
694–737

Maro^[2]
695–737

Toyonari^[3]
704–766

Nakamaro^[3]
706–764

Otomaro^[4]

Nagate^[5]
714–771

Matate^[4]
715–766

Uona^[6]
721–783

Kaedemaro^[7]
723–776

Yoshitsugu^[8]
716–777

Tamaro^[9]
722–783

Momokawa^[10]
732–779

Hamanari^[11]
724–790

Tsuginawa^[12]
727–796

Korekimi^[13]
727–789

Uchimaro^[14]
756–812

Sonohito^[12]
756–819

Otsugu^[12]
774–843

Fuyutsugu^[15]
775–826

Nagara^[1]
802–826

Yoshifusa^[1]
804–872

Yoshiyo^[16]
823–900

Mototsune^[17]
836–891

Tokihira^[18]^[12]
871–909

Tadahira^[12]
880–949

Saneyori^[12]
900–970

Morosuke^[12]
909–960

Yoritada^[19]
924–989

Koretada^[12]
924–972

Yoritada^[12]^[20]
925–977

Kaneie^[12]^[19]
929–990

Michitaka^[21]^[22]
953–995

Michikane^[22]
961–995

Michinaga^[23]
966–1028

Yorimichi^[24]^[25]
992–1074

Norimichi^[26]
996–1075

Morozane^[27]
1042–1101

Moromichi^[28]
1062–1099

Tadazane^[29]
1075–1162

Tadamichi^[30]
1097–1164

Yorinaga^[31]
1120–1156

Konoe
Family

Matsudono
Family

Kujō
Family

Konoe Motozane^[32]
1143–1166

Matsudono Motofusa^[33]
1144?–1231

Kujō Kanezane^[30]
1149–1207

Konoe Motomichi^[16]^[34]
1160–1233

Matsudono Moroie^[33]
1172–1238

Kujō Yoshitsune^[35]
1169–1206

Konoe Iezane^[34]
1179–1242

Kujō Michiie^[35]
1193–1252

Takatsukasa
Family

Nijō
Family

Ichijō
Family

Konoe Kanetsune^[36]
1210–1259

Takatsukasa Kanehira^[37]
1228–1294

Kujō Norizane^[38]
1211–1235

Nijō Yoshizane^[39]
1216–1271

Ichijō Sanetsune^[40]
1223–1284

Notes

In the 13th century, the main line of the Fujiwara family split into "Five regent houses": the Kujō, Nijō and Ichijō (descendants of Kanezane); and also the Konoe and Takatsukasa (descendants of Motozane). To view the complete family tree, visit Fujiwara family tree.

^ ^a ^b ^c Brinkley, Frank and Dairoku Kikuchi. (1915). A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era. New York: Encyclopædia Britannica. OCLC 413099
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Kanai, Madoka; Nitta, Hideharu; Yamagiwa, Joseph Koshimi (1966). A topical history of Japan. Sub-Committee on Far Eastern Language Instruction of the Committee on Institutional Cooperation. p. 6.
^ ^a ^b Brown, Delmer M. (1988). The Cambridge History of Japan: Volume 1. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521223522.
^ ^a ^b 平城宮兵部省跡. 奈良文化財研究所. 2005. p. 168.
^ Yoshikawa, Toshiko (2006). 仲麻呂政権と藤原永手・八束（真楯）・千尋（御楯）. Hanawa Shobō (塙書房). ISBN 978-4-8273-1201-0.
^ Tyler, Royall (1993). The Book of the Great Practice: The Life of the Mt. Fuji Ascetic Kakugyō Tōbutsu Kū (PDF). Asian Folklore Studies. p. 324.
^ Yoneda, Yūsuke (2002). 藤原摂関家の誕生. 吉川弘文館. p. 139.
^ Nakagawa, Osamu (1991). "藤原良継の変" [The Rise of Fujiwara no Yoshitsugu]. 奈良朝政治史の研究 [Political History of the Nara Period] (in Japanese). Takashina Shoten (高科書店).
^ Kimoto, Yoshinobu (1998). 藤原式家官人の考察. 高科書店. p. 47. ISBN 978-4-87294-923-0.
^ Takemitsu, Makoto (2013). 日本史の影の主役藤原氏の正体: 鎌足から続く1400年の歴史. PHP研究所. p. 103. ISBN 978-4569761046.
^ http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~sg2h-ymst/hamanari.html
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). In Japan Encyclopedia at Google Books; Brinkley, Frank et al. (1915).
^ Kimoto, Yoshinobu (2004). "『牛屋大臣』藤原是公について" [On "Ushiya-Daijin" Fujiwara no Korekimi]. 奈良時代の藤原氏と諸氏族 [The Fujiwara Clan and Other Clans of the Nara Period] (in Japanese). Ohfu.
^ Kurihara, Hiromu. 藤原内麿家族について [The Family of Fujiwara no Uchimaro]. Japanese History (日本歴史) (in Japanese) (511).
^ Kurihara, Hiromu (2008). "藤原冬嗣家族について" [Fujiwara no Fuyutsugu's Family]. 平安前期の家族と親族 [Family and Relatives During the Early Heian Period] (in Japanese). Azekura Shobo (校倉書房). ISBN 978-4-7517-3940-2.
^ ^a ^b 公卿補任 [Kugyō Bunin] (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1982.
^ Kitayama, Shigeo (1973). 日本の歴史4 平安京 [History of Japan IV: Heian-kyō] (in Japanese). Chūkō Bunko (中公文庫). p. 242.
^ 日本古代氏族人名辞典（普及版） [Dictionary of Names from Ancient Japanese Clans (Trade Version)] (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 2010. ISBN 978-4-642-01458-8.
^ ^a ^b Nobuyoshi, Yamamoto (2003). 摂関政治史論考 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). ISBN 978-4-642-02394-8.
^ Haruo, Sasayama (2003). "藤原兼通の政権獲得過程". 日本律令制の展開 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). ISBN 978-4-642-02393-1.
^ Frederic, Louis (2002). "Japan Encyclopedia." Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
^ ^a ^b Papinot, Edmond (1910). Historical and geographical dictionary of Japan. Tokyo: Librarie Sansaisha.
^ Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). Gukanshō: The Future and the Past. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03460-0; OCLC 251325323
^ Varley, Paul (2000). Japanese Culture. Fourth Edition. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai'i Press.
^ Uejima, Susumu (2010). "日本中世社会の形成と王権". 中世庄園制の形成過程―〈立庄〉再考 (in Japanese). The University of Nagoya Press. ISBN 978-4-8158-0635-4.
^ Owada, Tetsuo (2003). 日本史諸家系図人名辞典 (in Japanese). Kodansha. ISBN 978-4062115780.
^ "卷之一百四十二列傳第六十九". 大日本史 (in Japanese). 1715.
^ Kimoto, Yoshinobu (2000). "後二条師通記と藤原師通". 平安朝官人と記録の研究―日記逸文にあらわれたる平安公卿の世界 (in Japanese). ISBN 978-4273031565.
^ Araki, Hiroshi (2009). "中世の皇統迭立と文学形成 1院政期から中世への視界坂上の宝剣と壺切―談話録に見る皇統・儀礼の古代と中世―". 皇統迭立と文学形成 (in Japanese). ISBN 978-4-7576-0513-8.
^ ^a ^b Sansom, George (1958). A history of Japan to 1334. Stanford University Press. ISBN 0804705232.
^ "The World Turned Upside Down" translated by Kathe Roth, p. 27
^ Yamada, Akiko (2010). 中世前期女性院宮の研究 (in Japanese). ISBN 978-4784214969.
^ ^a ^b Natanabe, Naohiko (1994). 古代史論叢 (in Japanese). ISBN 978-4797106558.
^ ^a ^b "藤原北家．近衛". 尊卑分脈 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1904. p. 57.
^ ^a ^b "藤原北家．九条". 尊卑分脈 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1904. p. 77.
^ "藤原北家．近衛". 尊卑分脈 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1904. p. 65.
^ Jinson [in Japanese]. 大乗院日記目録.
^ "藤原北家．九条". 尊卑分脈 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1904. p. 80.
^ ネケト. 二条家（摂家） (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 2004-08-15. Retrieved 2007-09-09.
^ ネケト. 一条家（摂家） (in Japanese). Retrieved 2007-08-18.

v t e Sesshō
Asuka period	Prince Umayado
Heian period	Fujiwara no Yoshifusa Fujiwara no Mototsune Fujiwara no Tokihira Fujiwara no Tadahira Fujiwara no Saneyori Fujiwara no Koretada Fujiwara no Kaneie Fujiwara no Michitaka Fujiwara no Michinaga Fujiwara no Yorimichi Fujiwara no Morozane Fujiwara no Tadazane Fujiwara no Tadamichi Konoe Motozane Fujiwara no Motofusa Konoe Motomichi Matsudono Moroie
Kamakura period	Kujō Kanezane Konoe Motomichi Kujō Yoshitsune Konoe Iezane Kujō Michiie Kujō Norizane Konoe Kanetsune Ichijō Sanetsune Konoe Kanetsune Takatsukasa Kanehira Kujō Tadaie Ichijō Ietsune Takatsukasa Kanetada Nijō Kanemoto Kujō Moronori
Muromachi period	Takatsukasa Fuyuhira Nijō Yoshimoto Konoe Kanetsugu Nijō Yoshimoto Nijō Mochimoto Nijō Kaneyoshi
Edo period	Ichijō Akiyoshi Nijō Yasumichi Kujō Michifusa Nijō Mitsuhira Takatsukasa Fusasuke Ichijō Kaneteru Konoe Iehiro Kujō Sukezane Ichijō Michika Konoe Uchisaki Kujō Naozane Nijō Nariyuki
Taishō era	Crown Prince Hirohito

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