European Union and the International Criminal Court

Politics of the European Union
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Due to its status, the European Union (EU) is not party to the International Criminal Court (ICC), but all the EU's member states are signatories and the EU has been one of the ICC's strongest supporters. The EU has given political, financial and technical support to the court,^[1] which is also based in its territory (The Hague, the Netherlands). All 27 EU member states are parties to the Rome Statute, which has a total of 125 member states worldwide.

Positions and agreements

In 2001 the EU agreed a common position, that is it has an EU-wide agreed foreign policy on the matter, strongly supporting the ICC. That position was updated in 2003 and combined with an action plan.^[2]^[3]

A 2006 co-operation agreement between the EU and ICC also obliges the EU and its members to assist the ICC, particularly by handing over classified information to the court.^[1]^[4] Examples of this cooperation already include supporting the ICC in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Darfur, the latter including the EU Satellite Centre providing imagery and reports.^[5]

The Cotonou Agreement which the EU has with the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States includes a binding article signalling support of those states for the ICC and that they should "take steps towards ratifying and implementing the Rome Statute and related instruments".^[5] The EU has been inserting similar clauses in its association agreements and trade agreements around the world.^[6]

Financial backing

All its member states have signed and ratified the Rome Statute (which established the court, having come into force in 2002) and hence, due to the lack of other major powers being members, the EU is now the largest financial contributor to the court^[1] (before the accession of Japan in 2007, this was 75.6%. Afterwards, still 57.4%).^[5] The EU also funds organisations promoting the court.^[1]

Diplomatic backing

The EU has been the strongest supporter of the ICC and has supported it in nearly every instance. In ways it has operated as a public relations branch of the ICC and encouraged states around the world to adopt the Rome Statute (including putting it in trade agreements, as mentioned above). Due to the difficulty of the court's work, and opposition from major powers such as the US, this support has been indispensable and, likewise, the EU has been using the ICC as a tool to make its presence felt.^[6]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "European Union (EU) and the International Criminal Court & the fight against impunity". Archived from the original on 2013-05-23. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-01-23. Retrieved 2010-03-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2010-03-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-22. Retrieved 2010-03-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ ^a ^b ^c "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-05-20. Retrieved 2010-03-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ ^a ^b "The EU and the ICC: Wedding bells? - the Euros". Archived from the original on 2012-02-29. Retrieved 2010-03-18.

International Criminal Court (ICC)

Legal texts

International

UN resolutions

General Assembly	3314
Security Council	1422 1487 1593 1970

National

American Service-Members' Protection Act (United States)
Crimes Against Humanity and War Crimes Act (Canada)
International Criminal Court Act 2001 (United Kingdom)
Twenty-third Amendment of the Constitution (Ireland)
Völkerstrafgesetzbuch (Germany)

Crimes

Organisation

States parties	List of states parties Presidents and vice-presidents of the Assembly of States Parties Review Conference
Court	Presidency Judges (elections: 2003 2006 2007 Jan. 2009 Nov. 2009 2011 2013 2014 2015 2017 2020 2023) Prosecutor

Investigations

Official	Afghanistan Bangladesh/Myanmar Democratic Republic of the Congo Darfur, Sudan Georgia Kenya Libya Mali Palestine Philippines Uganda Ukraine Venezuela
Complaints	Iraq
Individuals	Detainees Indictees

Other

Foreign relations of the European Union

Bilateral relations

See also: Economic relationships with third countries
Africa	Algeria Cape Verde Egypt Libya Morocco South Africa Sudan Tunisia
Americas	Argentina trade Brazil Canada Colombia Cuba Greenland Mexico Peru United States Uruguay
Asia	Bahrain Bangladesh China India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Lebanon Malaysia Nepal North Korea Pakistan Palestine† Philippines South Korea Syria Taiwan Vietnam Yemen
Europe	Albania Andorra Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Bosnia and Herzegovina Faroe Islands Georgia Accession negotiations Iceland Kosovo† Liechtenstein Moldova Accession negotiations Monaco Montenegro North Macedonia Northern Cyprus† Norway Russia San Marino Serbia Sovereign Military Order of Malta Switzerland Turkey Accession negotiations Ukraine Accession negotiations United Kingdom Vatican City
Oceania	Australia Micronesia New Zealand Papua New Guinea
Former	Yugoslavia
General	Overseas territories of member states European microstates Largest trading partners Association Agreements Free trade agreements European Union Sanctions
†= Disputed state, may not be recognised as an independent state by some or all European Union members.

Multilateral relations and initiatives

Organisations

Initiatives

Administration and policies

Foreign and Security Policy	Global Strategy Neighbourhood Policy Enlargement Security and Defence Policy
Administration	Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection Department Directorate-General for International Cooperation and Development External Action Service Foreign Affairs Council High Representative Josep Borrell Parliamentary Foreign Affairs Committee Foreign Policy Instruments Service Diplomatic missions of the EU (ambassadors) / to the EU Special Representatives
Funding	Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance Global Europe

Common Security and Defence Policy of the European Union

Leadership

Structure

External Action Service	Command structure on the civilian/military strategic and operational levels (Military Planning and Conduct Capability within the Military Staff, Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability, Joint Support Coordination Cell) Intelligence and Situation Centre (Club de Berne) Crisis Management and Planning Directorate Security & Defence College
Agencies	Defence Agency Institute for Security Studies Satellite Centre
Council preparatory bodies	Committee of Permanent Representatives Political and Security Committee Politico-Military Group Military Committee Committee for Civilian Aspects of Crisis Management
European Commission bodies	Directorate-General for Defence Industry and Space
Funding	Defence Fund

Policies

Equipment

Galileo navigation system
Secure Software-defined Radio (PESCO)

Decorations

Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO)
Headline Goal 2010
Military Erasmus
Military Mobility (PESCO)
Intelligence School (PESCO)
Kortenberg building
NATO relations (Berlin Plus agreement, Joint Declaration)

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