The Bantenese (Indonesian: Orang Banten/Orang Sunda Banten; Sundanese: ᮅᮛᮀ ᮘᮔ᮪ᮒᮨᮔ᮪/ᮅᮛᮀ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮘᮔ᮪ᮒᮨᮔ᮪, romanized: Urang Banten/Urang Sunda Banten) are an Austronesianethnic group native to Banten in the westernmost part of Java island, Indonesia. The area of Banten province corresponds more or less with the area of the former Banten Sultanate, a Bantenese nation state that preceded Indonesia.[3] In his book "The Sultanate of Banten", Guillot Claude writes on page 35: “These estates, owned by the Bantenese of Chinese descent, were concentrated around the village of Kelapadua.”[4] Most of Bantenese are Sunni Muslim. The Bantenese speak the Sundanese-Banten dialect, a variety of the Sundanese language which does not have a general linguistic register, this language is called Basa Sunda Banten (Sundanese language of Banten).
2010 Population Census
According to the 2010 Population Census carried out by the Central Bureau of Statistics Indonesia, the Bantenese people along with the Baduy people are categorized under the Native Bantenese people with a total of 4,657,784 people.[5][1]
Unlike any other native languages in Java island, the Bantenese language does not have a recognized linguistic register in general,[7] and differs from the Priangan dialect spoken in the Parahyangan region. Due to its Priangan dialect, the Bantenese language somewhat seen as the sister language of Sundanese that is still closely related to the Old Sundanese language.
The Bantenese language is categorized or classified under the Sundanesic language family.[8] This language is predominantly spoken in the southern region of Banten, which are Lebak (including Cilangkahan region), and Pandeglang Regency (including Caringin and Cibaliung). In the northern Serang Regency, this language is used daily by the people of Ciomas, Pabuaran, Padarincang, Cinangka, Baros, Petir, Cikeusal, Kopo, Cikande, Pamarayan and parts of Anyar subdistrict.[9] The Priangan Banten somehow also used by Bantenese transmigrants in Central Lampung Regency, Lampung.[10]
In Serang Regency, Bantenese language is used daily by the people of Anyar, Mancak, Waringinkurung, Taktakan, Cipocok Jaya, Walantaka, as well as Kragilan district.[9] This language also used in some parts of Tangerang Regency,[11] especially in its southern, southwestern, midwest and northern parts,[12] as well as in cities of Tangerang and South Tangerang.[13]
Religion
Those who considered themselves as Bantenese are generally practicing Muslims, which is due to being inseparable from a strong Islamic cultural background. This case is also closely related to the history of Banten Sultanate as one of the largest Islamic kingdom in the island of Java. Besides that, the artistry in Banten region also portrays Islamic activities of its society, such as art Rampak Bedug from Pandeglang Regency.[14] Even so, Banten Province is a multi-ethnic society consisting of various ethnics and religions.[1] Adherents of other faiths from various non-indigenous ethnic groups live alongside each other peacefully in this region, such as the Benteng Chinese community in Tangerang and the Baduy people that practices Sunda Wiwitan in Kanekes, Leuwidamar, Lebak Regency.
Culture
Bantenese men with horses in the Bantam Residency (present day, Banten Province), circa 1915-1926.
The land of Sunda in Banten is rich in culture and customs, and one of the most dominant is Banten culture and customs which is different from Sundanese culture in West Java.
Art forms
The cultural distinctiveness of the Bantenese community among other is Pencak Silat martial arts, Debus, Rudad, Umbruk, Saman dance (Dzikir Saman), Tari topeng,[15] Dog-dog, Angklung Gubrag, Rampak Bedug, Walijamaliha dance,[16]Silat Pandeglang dance,[14][17] Palingtung, Lojor, Beluk and so on.[18][19]
Historical landmarks
In addition, there are also relics of ancestral heritage, and among them are such as the Great Mosque of Banten, the Sacred Long Mausoleum[20] and many more.
Bantenese culinary includes Sate Bandeng, Rabeg Banten, Pasung Beureum, Ketan Bintul, Nasi Belut, Kue Cucur, Angeun Lada, Balok Menes, Sate Bebek Cibeber, Emping Menes[18][19] and others.[21][22][23]
Bantenese batik textile
75 decorative designs from Banten that have been reconstructed by the National Archaeology based on artifacts from the Banten Sultanate.
The pattern and motifs of Bantenese batik is the illumination of decorative design that have been studied by the Banten government as part of the framework of rediscovering ornamental motifs from traditional Bantenese houses. These decorative designs came about as a result of the reconstructions from the excavations made by the National Archaeology and the Faculty of Literature, Universitas Indonesia since 1976. The decorative designs are then decided by the Banten governor in 2003.
Ever since its patenting in 2003, Bantenese batik has undergone a long process until it was finally recognized globally. The Bantenese batik was patented after it was predicated through studies done in Malaysia, Singapore and then followed by another 62 countries. In fact, Bantenese batik was the first batik with patent rights in the UNESCO.
Bantenese batik possesses the storytelling identity and its own uniqueness in comparison to other batiks. Several of its motifs are adopted from historical artifacts. Grayish colors can be found in every motifs, which is supposed to reflect the Banten community. All of the batik contains philosophical meaning.[24]
Names of the Bantenese batik motifs are taken from the toponym of ancient village names, the title of nobles or sultan and the name of the court palace of Banten. Even the patterns are synonymous with historical stories that contain meaningful philosophies and on the motifs bears intellectual meaning for the wearer of Bantenese batik materials and clothing.[25]
Sebakingking motif: Sebakingking is the name of Panembahan Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin of Banten's title in the spreading of the Islamic religion.
Srimanganti motif: Srimanganti is the name of the place where the commoner's porch connects the Banten Sultanate's pendopo for the king / sultan waiting area.
Pejantren motif: Pesantren is the name of the place where weaving craftsmen in Banten region are situated.
Panjunan motif: Panjunan is the name of a village where pottery and ceramic craftsmen are found in the Banten Sultanate.
^Aris Ananta, Evi Nurvidya Arifin, M Sairi Hasbullah, Nur Budi Handayani, Agus Pramono. Demography of Indonesia's Ethnicity. Singapore: ISEAS: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2015. p. 273.
^ abAgus Suriamiharja, Hidayat & Yoyo Mulyana (1981). Geografi dialek Sunda di Kabupaten Serang. Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaa. OCLC64958736.
^Taufik Ampera, Cece Subarna & Tien Wartini (2004). Bahasa dan sastra daerah di Kabupaten Tangerang : pengkajian budaya dan nilai-nilai tradisional pengkajian budaya dan nilai-nilai tradisional. Pemerintah Kabupaten Tangerang.
^Multamia R. M. T. Lauder (1993). Pemetaan dan distribusi bahasa-bahasa di Tangerang. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. ISBN97-945-9368-0.
