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August 1926
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August 23, 1926: U.S. film idol Rudolph Valentino dies after appendectomy
The following events occurred in
August 1926
:
Sunday, August 1, 1926
Primo de Rivera
An assassination attempt against Spanish dictator
Miguel Primo de Rivera
failed in Barcelona when a thrown dagger narrowly missed his head as he rode in a car. A 34-year-old Catalan anarchist was arrested.
[1]
Born:
Hannah Hauxwell
, farmer and television personality, in
Baldersdale
, England (d. 2018)
Died:
Israel Zangwill
, 62, British writer
Monday, August 2, 1926
Italy enacted new
austerity
measures to fight poverty and redress the country's trade deficit. Pastry containing pure white flour was prohibited.
[2]
Born:
Sy Mah
, marathon runner, in
Bashaw, Alberta
, Canada (d. 1988)
Tuesday, August 3, 1926
Some 400 armed Catholics barricaded themselves in the Church of
Our Lady of Guadalupe
in
Guadalajara, Jalisco
, Mexico and exchanged gunfire with federal troops until they ran out of ammunition and surrendered. According to U.S. consular sources, 18 were killed and 40 wounded.
[3]
Italy banned any parades, ceremonies and public demonstrations that were not authorized as "effectively useful".
[4]
London's first
traffic lights
came into operation at
Piccadilly Circus
.
[5]
The grand jury in the
Aimee Semple McPherson
case reconvened to consider further testimony and evidence.
[6]
Born:
Tony Bennett
, singer, in
Astoria, Queens
, New York (d. 2023); and
Anthony Sampson
, writer and journalist, in
Billingham
, England (d. 2004)
Wednesday, August 4, 1926
Umberto Nobile
was feted in Rome for his part in the recent
North Pole
expedition, as 20,000 filled the square in front of the
Palazzo Chigi
. Sharing the balcony with Nobile and his team Mussolini declared, "In vain did others try to steal the glory of Major General Nobile and to change the proportion of credit for events without parallel in human history. But I want to say in a voice of thunder that, Italy, it was you who were responsible for the glory, and it was you who pushed and helped him to his objective."
[7]
A policeman in Bahrain shot and killed a superintendent policeman who mistreated him, and managed through the shooting in tearing off a piece of the Political Agent Colonel Daly's ear. Colonel Daly apprehended the shooter and hit him with a bayonet. The incident imposed strict martial law in Bahrain through August and September 1926. A day earlier, the Chief of Bahrain Police, Haji Sulman bin Jassim was shot.
Thursday, August 5, 1926
France and Germany signed a trade accord.
[5]
English pilot
Alan Cobham
arrived in
Port Darwin
, Australia to complete the first half of his round-trip flight between England and Australia.
[8]
The film
Don Juan
, starring
John Barrymore
, premieres. It was the first feature-length film to have synchronized sound effects and a musical soundtrack.
Friday, August 6, 1926
Ederle
Gertrude Ederle
became the first woman to successfully swim the
English Channel
, also setting a new record time of 14 hours, 39 minutes.
[9]
Born:
Norman Wexler
, screenwriter, in
New Bedford
, Massachusetts (d. 1999)
Saturday, August 7, 1926
Mexican President
Plutarco Elías Calles
ruled out foreign mediation in the battle between the government and the Catholic church.
[5]
Spain and Italy signed a Treaty of Friendship.
[10]
Sunday, August 8, 1926
Former French Prime Minister
Georges Clemenceau
weighed in on the
Mellon–Berenger Agreement
by publishing an open letter addressed to U.S. President
Calvin Coolidge
. Excerpts from the letter read, "You are claiming from us payment not of a debt of commerce but of war. You know, as we do, that our treasury is empty ... We are debtors, you are creditors. It seems this is regarded as purely a matter for the cashier's department, but are there no other considerations to be taken into account? ... Come to our villages and read the endless list of their dead and make comparisons, if you will. Was this not a 'bank account?' The loss of this vital force of youth? ... How is it we failed to foresee what is now happening? Why did we not halt under the shells and convoke a board meeting of profiteers to decide the question whether it would allow us to continue in defense of the finest conquest in the finest of histories?"
[11]
Monday, August 9, 1926
Agriculturalist
Alfred Daniel Hall
told the
British Association for the Advancement of Science
that in the future, humanity would be forced to become vegetarian due to a global wheat famine.
[12]
Tuesday, August 10, 1926
In Mexico, 20 people were executed by federal firing squad over the church riots.
[13]
Wednesday, August 11, 1926
Yugoslavia, Romania and Greece sent a collective note to Bulgaria demanding that cross-border raids by Macedonian irregulars cease.
[14]
In Berlin, 50 were injured in nighttime rioting between communists and republicans on Republic Day (a special day observed during the
Weimar Republic
commemorating its founding in 1919).
[15]
Eastman Kodak
said it was working on
color motion picture film
.
[5]
Richard Reese Whittemore, leader of the
Whittemore Gang
, was hanged.
Born:
Claus von Bülow
, Denmark-born British socialite, in
Copenhagen
(d. 2019); and
Aaron Klug
, chemist and
Nobel Prize
laureate, in
Želva
, Lithuania (d. 2018)
Thursday, August 12, 1926
A munitions factory exploded on
Csepel Island
in Hungary, killing 24 and injuring 250.
[16]
Born:
John Derek
, actor, director and photographer, in
Hollywood
, California (d. 1998);
Hiroshi Koizumi
, Japanese actor, in
Kamakura City
, Japan (d. 2015); and
Wallace Markfield
, comic novelist, in
Brooklyn
, New York (d. 2002)
Friday, August 13, 1926
Lou Gehrig
hit two home runs off of fellow baseball legend
Walter Johnson
in the same game.
Jack Fournier
in 1914 was the only other player to ever do so.
[17]
Born:
Fidel Castro
, revolutionary and politician, in
Birán
, Cuba (d. 2016)
Saturday, August 14, 1926
Mexican government agents staged a purge of
Chalchihuites
, Zacatecas, and arrested Father
Luis Bátiz Sainz
at a private house.
[18]
The comedy film
The Boy Friend
opened.
Born:
René Goscinny
, comic book writer and editor, in Paris, France (d. 1977)
Died:
John H. Moffitt
, 83, American politician
Sunday, August 15, 1926
Film actor
Rudolph Valentino
fell critically ill, collapsing at the Hotel Ambassador in New York City. He was rushed to hospital and operated on immediately for a ruptured appendix.
[5]
Father
Luis Bátiz Sainz
and three members of the Mexican Association for Catholic Youth were executed by firing squad.
[18]
The killing caused a band of ranchers led by former colonel Pedro Quintanar to seize the municipal treasury and declare themselves in open rebellion.
[3]
Born:
Konstantinos Stephanopoulos
, politician, in
Patras
, Greece (d. 2016)
Monday, August 16, 1926
A coffin brought from Norway to London thought to contain the remains of
Lord Kitchener
was opened by the coroner in the presence of police, but it contained no body. The scenario was the work of a hoaxer going by the name of Frank Power.
[19]
Tuesday, August 17, 1926
Judge
Charles Merrill Hough
of the
United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
ruled that all visitors to the United States except Canadians required a visa to enter the country.
[20]
Born:
Jiang Zemin
, politician, former
General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party
, in
Yangzhou
, China (d. 2022)
Wednesday, August 18, 1926
Mussolini
announced the
Quota 90
, a controversial revaluation of the Italian lira.
British coal miners reopened negotiations with the government to resolve the ongoing lockout.
[21]
Thursday, August 19, 1926
Rudolph Valentino's condition greatly improved. He answered a list of questions from the media and issued a statement thanking his fans and well-wishers for their messages of encouragement.
[21]
Born:
Arthur Rock
, businessman, in
Rochester, New York
(alive in 2021)
Friday, August 20, 1926
The
Communist Party of Germany
excluded
Ruth Fischer
,
Arkadi Maslow
, and three other members for asserting that the Soviet Union was no longer a true Communist state.
[22]
Saturday, August 21, 1926
Marshal
Józef Piłsudski
conducted a
purge
of the Polish military to remove any challenges to his authority.
[23]
Rudolph Valentino was stricken with a severe
pleuritis
relapse.
King Ugyen Wangchuk of Bhutan
Died:
Ugyen Wangchuck
, 64,
King of Bhutan
Sunday, August 22, 1926
'
Bloody Sunday
'; violent clashes took place in
Colmar
in the
Alsace
region of France.
General Pangalos
Greek dictator
Theodoros Pangalos
was overthrown in a military coup led by General
Georgios Kondylis
.
[5]
Died:
Charles W. Eliot
, 92,
President of Harvard University
Monday, August 23, 1926
General Kondylis
General Kondylis proclaimed himself the new Premier of Greece
Born:
Clifford Geertz
, anthropologist, in San Francisco, California (d. 2006)
Died:
Rudolph Valentino
, 31, Italian film actor. His last word before falling into a coma was 'Madre'.
[24]
Tuesday, August 24, 1926
100 were injured as a riot nearly ensued in New York when 60,000 mourners, mostly women, pushed through
Campbell's Funeral Parlor
to get a glimpse of Rudolph Valentino's body lying in state.
[25]
27-year-old Rev. Gilbert A. Eakins of
Saratoga, Wyoming
, was fatally burned when he fell into hot springs at
Yellowstone National Park
.
[26]
Pavlos Kountouriotis
was restored as President of Greece.
Wednesday, August 25, 1926
After a second chaotic day of public viewing of Rudolph Valentino's body, it was announced that Campbell's Funeral Parlor was moving the body to a vault until Monday's funeral and that public viewing was closed. Valentino's manager George Ullman explained, "The lack of reverence shown by the crowd, the disorder and attendant rioting since the body was first shown has forced me to this decision."
[27]
The film
Beau Geste
opened.
Thursday, August 26, 1926
Spain demanded that the international district of
Tangier
be annexed to the Spanish zone of Morocco, which it asserted was necessary to suppress the contraband flow of arms that enabled the recent Rif revolt.
[28]
Negotiations between the British government and locked-out coal miners broke down again.
[29]
Friday, August 27, 1926
Nazim Bey
and three other men were hanged in Ankara for conspiring to assassinate Turkish President
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
.
[30]
In Wanhsien (now known as the
Wanzhou District
) in China, troops loyal to the local warlord
Wu Peifu
under the command of General
Yang Sen
boarded a British merchant ship of
The China Navigation Company
, SS
Wanhsien
, and demanded transportation up the
Yangtze River
. Tensions had been high over a "wharfage" tax that the local authorities had been imposing on ships using the port. The ship's captain refused to leave port and a deadlock occurred until a boarding party from
HMS
Cockchafer
investigated and the ship was released after an argument. This was the first in a chain of events culminating in the "Wanhsien Incident" of September 5.
[31]
[32]
Born:
Pat Coombs
, actress, in
Camberwell
, England (d. 2002);
Kristen Nygaard
, computer scientist and politician, in
Oslo
, Norway (d. 2002);
Jacqueline Grennan Wexler
, American Roman Catholic nun and university president (d. 2012)
Died:
John Rodgers
, 45, American naval officer and aviator
Saturday, August 28, 1926
Dutch Levsen
of the
Cleveland Indians
became the last pitcher in major league baseball history to start and win both games of a doubleheader, defeating the
Boston Red Sox
6-1 and 5–1.
[33]
Sunday, August 29, 1926
20,000 German monarchists staged an assembly in Nuremberg to hail their "king",
Rupprecht of Bavaria
.
Prince Oskar of Prussia
and Field Marshal
August von Mackensen
also attended the event.
[34]
Another incident occurred on the Yangtze River near Wanhsien in which the China Navigation Co. ship
Wanliu
capsized a sampan in its wake that, according to General Yang Sen, was carrying soldiers under his command. When the ship pulled into Wanhsien, Yang Sen's troops were sent to occupy the ship as he demanded compensation, and once again
HMS
Cockchafer
had them removed and
Wanliu
went on its way.
[31]
[35]
Born:
Betty Lynn
, actress, in
Kansas City, Missouri
(d. 2021)
Monday, August 30, 1926
A funeral Mass for
Rudolph Valentino
was held at
Saint Malachy's Roman Catholic Church
in New York. Thousands watched the funeral cortège as it proceeded down Broadway.
[36]
The first air "sleeper" flew from Berlin to London. The
Hansa
-designed biplane had a toilet, wireless phone and berths with beds for four passengers.
[37]
The last voting rights of Italians were removed as the Fascist government abolished the popular election of municipal officers, who were now to be appointed by the state.
[38]
Died:
Eddie Lyons
, 39, American actor
Tuesday, August 31, 1926
An earthquake
in
Horta, Azores
killed 9 and destroyed over 4,000 buildings.
The Soviet and Afghan governments signed a Pact of Neutrality and Non-Aggression to supplement an earlier agreement.
[10]
About 300 ship passengers died in Leningrad when the Soviet steamer
Burevestnik
rammed a pier and sank.
[39]
In Wanhsien, troops of General Yang Sen seized SS
Wanhsien
for a second time in a week as well as another merchant ship,
Wantung
. The commander of
HMS
Cockchafer
did not have enough men to retake both ships this time, so he radioed for help.
[40]
References
^
"Catalan Hurls Dagger at Spain Czar in Motor".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. August 2, 1926. p. 7.
^
"Italy Put on War Basis to End its Poverty".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. August 3, 1926. p. 1.
^
a
b
Tuck, Jim (1997).
"Cristero Rebellion: part 1 – toward the abyss"
.
Mexconnect
. Retrieved
January 3,
2015
.
^
Rue, Larry (August 4, 1926). "Duce Bans All Parades Not for 'Useful' Purpose".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. p. 21.
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
Mercer, Derrik (1989).
Chronicle of the 20th Century
. London: Chronicle Communications Ltd. p. 345.
ISBN
978-0-582-03919-3
.
^
"Aimee McPherson Scandal"
.
Golden Age of Radio
. November 18, 2011
. Retrieved
January 3,
2015
.
^
Rue, Larry (August 5, 1926). "Mussolini Hangs North Pole on Maj. Gen. Nobile".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. p. 15.
^
"Australia and Back – Alan Cobham 1926"
.
Airway Museum
. Retrieved
January 3,
2015
.
^
"Gertrude Ederle, the First Woman to Swim the English Channel – 6 August 1926"
.
The British Newspaper Archive
. August 5, 2013
. Retrieved
January 3,
2015
.
^
a
b
"Chronology 1926"
.
indiana.edu
. 2002. Archived from
the original
on April 2, 2020
. Retrieved
January 3,
2015
.
^
"
'Tiger' Claws Coolidge with Letter on Debt".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. August 9, 1926. p. 1.
^
"Wheat Famine Menaces World, Says Scientist".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. August 10, 1926. p. 1.
^
Cornyn, John (August 11, 1926). "Firing Squads Execute 20 in Mexican Riots".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. p. 3.
^
Gibbons, Floyd (August 12, 1926). "3 Nations Serve Warning Notes on Bulgarians".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. p. 13.
^
Schultz, Sigrid
(August 12, 1926). "50 Injured in Berlin Riots on Republic Day".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. p. 1.
^
"24 Killed, 250 Hurt in Hungary Munitions Blast".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. August 13, 1926. p. 1.
^
Gonzalez, Raymond J. "Home Runs Off The Big Train".
Society for American Baseball Research
.
^
a
b
"Bl. Luis Batiz Saintz"
.
Catholic Online
. Retrieved
January 3,
2015
.
^
Darrah, David (August 17, 1926). "Fooled England and They Want to Arrest Him".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. p. 5.
^
"U.S. Judge Curbs Border Influx by Visa Order".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. August 18, 1926. p. 16.
^
a
b
Ellenberger, Allen R. (2005).
The Valentino Mystique
. McFarland. pp. 44–45.
ISBN
0-7864-1950-4
.
^
Schultz, Sigrid
(August 21, 1926). "Germany's Reds Crumbling; Old Leaders Ousted".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. p. 6.
^
"Pilsudski Ousts Foes in Army to Avert Revolt".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. August 22, 1926. p. 15.
^
Pickford, Hala (2012).
"Biography of Rudolph Valentino"
.
RudolphValentino.org
. Archived from
the original
on January 3, 2015
. Retrieved
January 3,
2015
.
^
Sawyers, June (September 25, 1988).
"Ah, Valentino, How Many Of Our Hearts You Broke!"
.
Chicago Tribune
. Retrieved
January 3,
2015
.
^
Whittlesey, Lee H. (2014).
Death in Yellowstone: Accidents and Foolhardiness in the First National Park
.
Roberts Rinehart Publishers
. pp. 11–13.
ISBN
9781570984518
.
^
"Uproar Ends Valentino Rite".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. August 26, 1926. p. 1.
^
"Spain's Demand for Tangier Put Before Powers".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. August 27, 1926. p. 16.
^
Darrah, David (August 27, 1926). "Strikers Stone British Police in Mine Field".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. p. 16.
^
"Turk Gallows Takes 4 More of Kemal's Foes".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. August 28, 1926. p. 1.
^
a
b
"Captain Albert Robert Williamson OBE, DSC, Merchant Navy, his career, and the Wanhsien Incident in China, September 1926"
.
Naval-History.net
. Retrieved
January 3,
2015
.
^
Hu, Shizang (1995).
Stanley K. Hornbeck and the Open Door Policy, 1919–1937
. Greenwood Press. p. 77.
ISBN
0-313-29394-5
.
^
World's Strangest Baseball stories
. Watermill Press. 1993. p. 72.
ISBN
0-8167-2850-X
.
^
Schultz, Sigrid
(August 30, 1926). "20,000 File in Goose Step Past Bavarian "King"
".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. p. 4.
^
"HMS Cockchafer"
.
Naval Warfare
. February 21, 2012
. Retrieved
January 3,
2015
.
^
"Surgeon Sends Last Farewell of Valentino".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. August 31, 1926. p. 1.
^
Schultz, Sigrid
(August 31, 1926). "First Aerial Sleeper Flies; Berlin-London".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. p. 1.
^
"Duce Abolishes Vote Rights of Italian People".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. August 31, 1926. p. 11.
^
"300 Die in Ship Crash; Cabins Trap Scores".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. September 1, 1926. p. 1.
^
"Wanhsien Incident"
.
Frank S. Taylor Family and Royal Navy History
. Archived from
the original
on February 11, 2015
. Retrieved
January 3,
2015
.
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