The British airship R100 completed an east–west crossing of the Atlantic Ocean when it was secured at St. Hubert Airport in Montreal, 78 hours and 51 minutes after its departure from Cardington, UK – a new speed record.[1]
Died:Jack Zuta, 42, Chicago underworld figure (shot)[3]
Saturday, August 2, 1930
Italy authorized Vatican City to issue currency of up to 1 million lire per year.[4]
Sunday, August 3, 1930
Italy and the Soviet Union signed a commercial treaty.[5]
Monday, August 4, 1930
The first supermarket in the United States, "King Kullen" (recognized by the Smithsonian Institution based on being “the first to fulfill all five criteria that define the modern supermarket: separate departments; self-service; discount pricing; chain marketing; and volume dealing," [6] was founded by Michael J. Cullen with a location at the corner of 171st Street and Jamaica Avenue in the Jamaica neighborhood of Queens borough in New York City.
Born: Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, one of the 12 Marja' of Iranian Shia Islam.
New York City Judge Joseph Crater disappeared in Manhattan and became the subject of one of the biggest missing persons cases in American history. Under investigation for corruption, Judge Crater was last seen in public exiting a restaurant, Billy Haas's Chophouse, at 332 West 45th Street in New York City after having gone through his office files and cashing two checks for $5,150 (equivalent to $80,000 in 2021).[9]
King Carol II of Romania announced that his upcoming coronation would take place without his estranged wife Helen. Carol had suggested a compromise in which Helen could be crowned queen without a reconciliation, but Prime Minister Iuliu Maniu maintained that such a solution would not be acceptable to foreign royal guests.[17]
Cricketer Jack Hobbs scored his 54,921st run, beating W. G. Grace's record aggregate of 54,896.[4]
A Scandinvian anti-fascist conference was held in Stockholm. 154 delegates, mainly communist and youth organizations, formed a committee to coordinate efforts to fight the spread of right-wing movements in northern Europe.[19]
The Hankow garrison commander in China beheaded 16 communists in the street to discourage any further unrest.[20]
Germany marked Republic Day, the eleventh anniversary of the creation of the Weimar Republic. During celebrations at the Reichstag, Interior Minister Joseph Wirth made a nationally broadcast radio address saying that republican Germany "may boast of being the freest country in the world."[22]
Tuesday, August 12, 1930
President Hoover said he was abandoning plans for a two-week vacation to Rocky Mountain National Park and would stay in the Washington area to direct drought relief work.[23]
Born:George Soros, Hungarian-born American businessman and philanthropist, in Budapest
Wednesday, August 13, 1930
Frank Hawks set a new transcontinental west-to-east record of 12 hours, 25 minutes and 3 seconds, beating Charles Lindbergh's record set in April by over 3 hours.[25]
President Hoover met at the White House with the Governors of 13 U.S. states to discuss a relief program for Americans affected by a serious drought.[26]
The Church of England approved birth control, and made the announcement in an Encyclical Letter from the Archbishop of Canterbury. The Letter called for strict control over the sale and advertising of contraceptives, however.[4]
Canada announced it was halting immigration from continental Europe with the exception of "experienced farmers of a suitable type" due to the country's unemployment problem.[28]
The British ocean liner RMS Tahiti lost its starboard propeller and sprang a leak about 400 miles southwest of Rarotonga, Cook Islands. The crippled ship began to slowly sink as it drifted in the Pacific Ocean while rescue efforts began.[29]
The remaining 142 officers and crew of the British ocean liner Tahiti were rescued, three days after the ship sent its distress call, and only after all the passengers had been saved first. The vessel sank soon after the last crewmember had been safely evacuated.[34]
Died:Van Lear Black, 54, American publisher and civil aviation pioneer, was lost at sea. Black fell overboard and into the Atlantic Ocean after losing his balance while sitting on the rail of his yacht, the Sabalo, off the coast of New Jersey[37]
Former U.S. Ambassador to Germany James W. Gerard named 59 people as the "men who rule the United States." Instead of elected officials, the list was made up of industrialists, media moguls, bankers and motion picture executives. John D. Rockefeller Jr., Henry Ford, William Randolph Hearst, George Fisher Baker, Harry Warner and Adolph Zukor were among those named. "They themselves are too busy to hold political office, but they determine who shall hold such office", Gerard explained.[40]
Died:Douglas King, 53, British naval commander and politician, drowned with five others after his yacht, the Islander, sank in rough weather off the coast of Cornwall.[41]
Photo of the crashed balloon Ornen, developed 33 years after it had been taken
Copenhagen newspapers reported the discovery in the Arctic of the remains of explorer Salomon August Andrée, along with two partners, Knut Frænkel and photographer Nils Strindberg, almost 33 years after they had last been seen alive. The three had disappeared in 1897, after embarking on an attempt to reach the North Pole in a balloon. Strindberg's undeveloped photograph of the crashed balloon, Ornen, was found and would be printed.[45]
The Bengal legislative council passed a bill giving authorities the right to imprison terrorists for five years without trial.[46]
Australia won the Ashes series (the best 3 of 5 Test Cricket series between the teams of England and Australia), taking the fifth Test by an innings and 39 runs, or 695 runs to 405.[4]
Albert Einstein made the opening speech of the Seventh German Radio Show in Berlin. It began with the famous words, "Ladies and gentlemen who are present and who are not! When you hear the radio, think also about how people have come to possess such a wonderful tool of communication."[47]
Three were killed and ten injured in Bolesławiec, Silesia, when police clashed with communists who tried to forcibly enter a pre-election meeting of Nazis.[49]
Sunday, August 24, 1930
The Sunday Express, a weekly publication looking for a fresh angle to write on the birth of Princess Margaret three days earlier, published an astrology-themed article titled "What the Stars Foretell For The New Princess". The article drew so much interest that the Express made horoscopes a regular column and the newspaper horoscope was born.[50]
A League of Nations Mandate Report condemned the British government for failing to provide adequate protection for Jews during Arab riots against Jewish settlers in Palestine.[52]
Born:Sean Connery, Scottish stage actor and action film star, best known for his portrayal of James Bond in seven films; in Fountainbridge, Edinburgh (d. 2020)
Died:Lon Chaney, 47, American silent film actor known as "The Man of a Thousand Faces" for his ability to use makeup to transform himself into various characters on film, died of a throat hemorrhage following a long bout with lung cancer.[56]
A semi-official government newspaper in Yugoslavia announced new rights for German-speaking minorities. Parents would have the right to decide whether to send their children to German or Yugoslavian schools, and the Serbo-Croatian language would not be taught before third year in the German schools.[64]
Born:Warren Buffett, American billionaire, business magnate, investor and philanthropist; in Omaha, Nebraska
Sunday, August 31, 1930
The sunken cargo ship SS Egypt was positively identified by Italian divers. The ship sank in the English Channel in May 1922 with $5 million U.S. worth of gold and silver in its hull and efforts to locate it had been ongoing for the past six months.[66]
^ abcdeMercer, Derrik (1989). Chronicle of the 20th Century. London: Chronicle Communications Ltd. p. 396. ISBN978-0-582-03919-3.
^"Russians Sign Trade Pact Favoring Italian Purchases". Chicago Daily Tribune. August 4, 1930. p. 18.
^"Nation's First Supermarket Attempts to Stay Competitive", by Florence Fabricant The New York Times, September 28, 1997
^Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Herbert Hoover, 1930. United States Government Printing Office. June 1999. p. 316. ISBN978-0-16-058839-6.
