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February 1930
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February 1930
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February 18, 1930: Astronomer Clyde Tombaugh discovers a ninth planet, Pluto
February 13, 1930: Charles Evans Hughes, who lost the 1916 U.S. presidential election to Woodrow Wilson, confirmed as new Chief Justice of the Supreme Court to replace William Howard Taft, who lost the 1912 U.S. presidential election to Woodrow Wilson
February 21, 1930: Camille Chautemps becomes Prime Minister of France, government collapses 10 days later
The following events occurred in
February 1930
:
Saturday, February 1, 1930
The Soviet Union continued its crackdown on
kulaks
as it issued a decree forbidding kulak households to sell their property and leave their district before authorities got around to
expropriating
their assets.
[1]
A bomb was found at the
British Museum
, and was attributed to Indian nationalists.
[2]
Born:
Hussain Muhammad Ershad
,
President of Bangladesh
from 1983 to 1990; in
Dinhata
,
British India
(d. 2019)
[3]
Sunday, February 2, 1930
Chief Justice and former U.S. President Taft
William Howard Taft
resigned as
Chief Justice of the United States
due to failing health.
[4]
The plaque
[5]
A controversial plaque was unveiled in
Sarajevo
honoring
Gavrilo Princip
, the assassin of
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria
. The plaque was located at the site of
the assassination
and bore an inscription saying that Princip had initiated liberty there on June 28, 1914. The Yugoslav government disavowed any connection to the plaque and said it was a private memorial.
[
citation needed
]
Monday, February 3, 1930
The
Communist Party of Vietnam
was established by merger of the
Communist Party of Indochina
, the
Communist Party of Annam
and the
Communist League of Indochina
.
U.S. President
Herbert Hoover
nominated
Charles Evans Hughes
to be the new Chief Justice of the United States.
[6]
Born:
Akbar Etemad
, Iranian nuclear physicist who pioneered that nation's nuclear program; in
Hamadan
.
Died:
Michele Bianchi
, 46, Italian Fascist leader
[7]
Tuesday, February 4, 1930
The Prussian Minister of the Interior,
Albert Grzesinski
, forbade members of subversive parties and organizations to hold leading positions in local government. The regulation was mainly aimed at Nazis and Communists.
[8]
The American School of the Air
, the first half-hour educational radio program, made its debut on the CBS Radio Network at 2:30 in the afternoon Eastern time, to be listened to on radios in school classrooms nationwide.
[9]
The program would run until 1948.
Wednesday, February 5, 1930
Pascual Ortiz, sworn in and wounded on same day
Pascual Ortiz Rubio
became
President of Mexico
. Two hours after Ortiz took the oath of office, a gunman fired six shots at the presidential car, wounding him in the jaw. The assailant was quickly arrested.
[10]
Serving in a figurehead role for Plutarco Elias Calles, Ortiz would resign the presidency on September 4, 1932.
The
World Figure Skating Championships
ended in New York City.
Sonja Henie
of Norway won the ladies' competition for the fourth straight year, while
Karl Schäfer
of Austria won the men's competition.
Died:
Naum Faiq Palak
, 63, prominent
Syrian
nationalist (lung disease)
Thursday, February 6, 1930
The
Bank of England
lowered its discount rate from 5 to 4.5% to encourage trade; the
Federal Reserve Bank of New York
followed the same day with a reduction to 4.5 to 4%.
[11]
Austria and Italy signed a treaty of friendship.
[12]
The new Spanish government announced an amnesty for all political prisoners.
[2]
Born:
Allan King
, Canadian documentary film director; in
Vancouver
(d. 2009)
[13]
Friday, February 7, 1930
Fernando de Melo Viana
, the
Vice President of Brazil
since 1926, was seriously wounded after being shot three times, and five other people were killed, in
Montes Claros
during campaigning for the nationwide March 1
general election
.
[14]
Melo Viana would recover from his wounds and live until 1954.
The Opium Commission of the
League of Nations
adopted a global resolution that only enough
opium
would be produced as was necessary for medicinal purposes.
[15]
Born:
David Kahn
, American historian, journalist and writer, known for the history of cryptography,
The Codebreakers - The Story of Secret Writing
; in New York City
Saturday,
February 8
, 1930
Pope Pius XI
published a letter in
L'Osservatore Romano
condemning the persecution of Christians in the Soviet Union.
[16]
Born:
Alejandro Rey
, Argentine-born U.S. film and TV actor and television director, in
Buenos Aires
(died of lung cancer, 1987)
[17]
Sunday, February 9, 1930
A riot broke out at
Vincennes
race track in Paris when an angry crowd stormed the track and began tearing it down, believing that certain races were being
fixed
.
[18]
Enrique Olaya Herrera
won the
Colombian presidential election
, defeating two other major candidates. and took office for a 4-year term on August 7.
Monday, February 10, 1930
The
Yên Bái mutiny
occurred in
French Indochina
. The French crushed an uprising of Vietnamese soldiers against their officers.
[19]
Born:
Robert Wagner
, American TV and film actor; in
Detroit
[20]
Tuesday, February 11, 1930
At the London Naval Conference, the United States and Britain proposed the abolition of submarines, but France and Japan resisted.
[21]
Born:
Mary Quant
, fashion designer, in
Blackheath, London
, England; (d. 2023)
Wednesday, February 12, 1930
At the
Convocations of Canterbury and York
, the
Archbishop of Canterbury
attacked the Soviet Union for "the imprisonment, the exile, the deliberate putting to death of prelates and parish priests, of monks and nuns, and of the humblest folk."
[2]
Born:
John Doyle
, Irish hurler and politician, in Holycross, County Tipperary (died 2010)
[22]
Thursday, February 13, 1930
Charles Evans Hughes was confirmed as Chief Justice by the Senate by a vote of 52 to 26. He would take office on February 24.
[6]
The film
The Green Goddess
, a talking remake of the 1923
silent film of the same name
and starring
George Arliss
, was released.
Friday, February 14, 1930
The engagement of
Edda Mussolini
and
Galeazzo Ciano
was announced.
[23]
The Vatican sent a note to bishops and clergy around the world instructing them to deny rites such as holy communion, baptism and confirmation to women dressed in immodest attire.
[24]
Died:
Sir
Thomas Mackenzie
, 75, Scottish-born politician who served as
Prime Minister of New Zealand
from March 28 to July 10 in 1912. He later served as New Zealand's diplomatic representative, the High Commissioner, until 1920.
[25]
Saturday, February 15, 1930
The Soviet newspapers
Izvestia
and
Pravda
declared that foreign attacks on the government for its suppression of churches were part of a concerted international movement against the USSR.
[26]
Born:
Bruce Bolt
, Australian seismologist, in
Largs, New South Wales
(d. 2005)
[27]
Died:
Giulio Douhet
, 60, Italian general and air power theorist
[28]
William Stearns Davis
, 52, American educator, historian and author, of pneumonia following an operation
[29]
Sunday, February 16, 1930
Cairine Wilson
was appointed to the
Senate of Canada
, the first female senator of the entire British Empire.
[30]
Monday, February 17, 1930
André Tardieu
resigned as
Prime Minister of France
after his government was defeated by six votes in the
Chamber of Deputies
. The defeat was over a minor bill involving the taxation of married women sharing a business with their husbands.
[31]
Born:
Ruth Rendell
, English author, in South Woodford, Essex, as Ruth Barbara Grasemann (d.
2015
)
[32]
Tuesday, February 18, 1930
Pluto in 2015
Astronomer
Clyde Tombaugh
discovered the ninth planet,
Pluto
.
[33]
In 2006, the
International Astronomical Union
would reclassify the definition of planets and declare that Earth was one of only eight, rather than nine, planets in our solar system.
Representatives of the United States, Britain, Norway, the Netherlands and Brazil signed a pact in
Nanjing
bringing foreign lawyers under the jurisdiction and control of the Chinese government.
[34]
The bodies of explorer
Carl Ben Eielson
and his mechanic, Earl Borland, were recovered from the site of their plane crash in
Siberia
. The plane went down on November 9 while trying to reach the stranded ship
Nanuk
.
[35]
Elm Farm Ollie
became the first cow to fly in an airplane, as part of the International Air Exposition in
St. Louis
, Missouri.
[36]
Ho Chi Minh
gave the speech "Appeal Made on the Occasion of the Founding of the
Indochinese Communist Party
" calling for a people's communist revolution.
[37]
Wednesday, February 19, 1930
The London Naval Conference was adjourned for a week to give France time to form a new government.
[38]
Born:
John Frankenheimer
, American film director, in
Queens
, New York (d. 2002)
[39]
Thursday, February 20, 1930
Prime Minister Hamaguchi
Voting was held for the 466 seats of Japan's House of Representatives
. The
Constitutional Democratic Party
(the Minseitō), led by Prime Minister
Osachi Hamaguchi
, won 273 of the seats for a majority. In the previous election, no party had the 234 seats necessary for control, with the Minseitō having 217 and the rival
Seiyūkai
having 218.
Friday, February 21, 1930
Camille Chautemps
became the new
Prime Minister of France
.
[40]
Richard Luttrell Pilkington Bethell, the 3rd
Baron Westbury
, committed suicide by jumping from the seventh story window of his apartment. Believers in the supernatural attributed his death to the
curse of Tutankhamun
, as his son was an Egyptologist who had participated in the excavation of
Tut's tomb
and mysteriously died in his sleep in November 1929.
[41]
Born:
Joan Metge
, New Zealand social anthropologist, educator, lecturer and writer; in
Auckland
[42]
Saturday, February 22, 1930
Marking the fourteenth anniversary of the
Battle of Verdun
, a
lighthouse
was dedicated at the
Douaumont Ossuary
which would flash alternately a red and white light over the cemetery grounds.
[43]
Born:
Marni Nixon
, American soprano and playback singer who dubbed the singing for other actresses in film; in
Altadena, California
(d. 2016)
[44]
Sunday, February 23, 1930
Sir
Edwin Lutyens
resigned from the
Royal Institute of British Architects
after endorsing an unpopular government plan to build a bridge across the
Thames
at
Charing Cross
.
[2]
Died:
Mabel Normand
, 37, American film actress, of tuberculosis
[45]
Horst Wessel
, 22, German Nazi Party activist, 40 days after being shot on January 14, celebrated as a martyr by the Nazis.
[46]
Monday, February 24, 1930
While lying in his hospital bed, Chicago gangster
Frank McErlane
was shot three times by rival gang members. McErlane, whose fractured right leg was in a cast while recovering from a previous shootout, returned fire and the two assailants fled.
[47]
Canadian Prime Minister
William Lyon Mackenzie King
said that he would immediately call a new federal election on the issue of the American tariff if the U.S. government boosted its tariff against Canada.
[48]
The U.S. Supreme Court decided
United States v. Wurzbach
.
Born:
Anita Steckel
, US artist and feminist, in
Brooklyn
, New York (d. 2012)
[49]
Tuesday, February 25, 1930
The Camille Chautemps government fell on a confidence vote after less than a week in power. He had tried to form a left-wing coalition but the
Socialist Party
refused to support him when he vowed to continue the naval policy of the previous government at the London Conference instead of adopting a more conciliatory one.
[50]
The British bill to abolish blasphemy as a crime was dropped.
[2]
Wednesday, February 26, 1930
President of the Dominican Republic
Horacio Vásquez
fled
Santo Domingo
as rebel forces led by General
Rafael Trujillo
toppled his government.
[51]
André Tardieu was asked by French President
Gaston Doumergue
to try to form a new government.
[52]
Thursday, February 27, 1930
Prayers for former U.S. president
William Howard Taft
were broadcast across the nation as physicians frankly stated that he had been unconscious for most of the day and that there was no hope of recovery.
[53]
The
Fox Theatre
in
Visalia, California
, opened.
Born:
Joanne Woodward
, US actress and producer, in
Thomasville, Georgia
[54]
Friday, February 28, 1930
Spain restored censorship of the press and imposed a ban on all public meetings and speeches in an attempt to suppress
republican
agitation.
[55]
Born:
Leon Cooper
, American physicist and
Nobel Prize
laureate, in New York City
[56]
Died:
Perceval Maitland Laurence
, 75, English scholar and judge
[57]
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^
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^
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. February 16, 1930. p. 5.
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^
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. February 19, 1930. p. 5.
^
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.
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.
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.
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^
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^
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^
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v
t
e
Events by month
1934
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1933
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1932
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1931
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1930
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1929
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1928
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1927
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1926
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1925
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
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