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Alushta

Алушта
Aluşta
Alushta Алушта; Aluşta;
City
	Flag Coat of arms
	Alushta Location of Alushta within Crimea Alushta Alushta (Ukraine) Alushta Alushta (Russia)
	Coordinates: 44°40′2″N 34°23′52″E / 44.66722°N 34.39778°E
Republic	Crimea
Municipality	Alushta Municipality
Area
• Total	6.983 km2 (2.696 sq mi)
Elevation	50 m (160 ft)
Population (2014)
• Total	29,078
• Density	4,200/km2 (11,000/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+2 (MSK)
Postal code	298500 — 298519 (Russia)
Area code	+7-36560
Former name	Aluston ('till the 15th century)
Climate	Cfa
Website	alushta.rk.gov.ru

Alushta (Ukrainian and Russian: Алушта; Crimean Tatar: Aluşta; Greek: Ἄλουστον) is a city of regional significance on the southern coast of the Crimean peninsula which is within the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, a region internationally recognised as territory of Ukraine, but occupied by the Russian Federation and incorporated as the Republic of Crimea. It is located along the Black Sea coast on the road from Gurzuf to Sudak, as well as on the Crimean Trolleybus line. Population: 29,078 (2014 Census).^[1]

The area is notable for its arid, rocky terrain due to its proximity to the Crimean mountains. During Byzantine times, the town was called Alouston (Ἄλουστον) meaning "Unwashed".^[2] Vestiges survive of a Byzantine defensive tower from a fortress from which the town's name was derived, as well as a 15th-century Genoese fortress. During Genoese rule, the name was modified to Lusta. Adam Mickiewicz dedicated two of his Crimean Sonnets to Alushta.

It is also the home of Seyit the Wolf in the Turkish drama, Kurt Seyit ve Sura.

In 1910, 544 Jews lived in Alushta, comprising 13% of the town's population. By 1939, they made up only 2.3% of the town's overall population, numbering 251 individuals. On 4 November 1941, the Germans occupied the town. On 24 November 1941, a unit of Sonderkommando 10b murdered 30 Jews by shooting along with captured communists and partisans. In early December 1941, about 250 Jews from Alushta were shot to death by Sonderkommando 11b in the park of Trade Union Sanatorium No. 7, which is today part of the local center for children and creativity.^[3]

Geography

Climate

Alushta has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfa) that closely borders on a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa).

Climate data for Alushta (1981–2010)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	6.8 (44.2)	6.7 (44.1)	9.2 (48.6)	13.9 (57.0)	19.6 (67.3)	24.6 (76.3)	28.0 (82.4)	27.9 (82.2)	23.3 (73.9)	17.7 (63.9)	12.2 (54.0)	8.4 (47.1)	16.5 (61.7)
Daily mean °C (°F)	3.6 (38.5)	3.1 (37.6)	5.4 (41.7)	10.1 (50.2)	15.3 (59.5)	20.2 (68.4)	23.4 (74.1)	23.4 (74.1)	18.5 (65.3)	13.2 (55.8)	8.2 (46.8)	5.0 (41.0)	12.5 (54.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	0.8 (33.4)	0.1 (32.2)	2.2 (36.0)	6.7 (44.1)	11.3 (52.3)	15.9 (60.6)	19.0 (66.2)	18.5 (65.3)	14.0 (57.2)	9.3 (48.7)	4.8 (40.6)	2.1 (35.8)	8.7 (47.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	46.9 (1.85)	42.5 (1.67)	37.9 (1.49)	29.5 (1.16)	24.3 (0.96)	39.4 (1.55)	32.4 (1.28)	41.4 (1.63)	34.2 (1.35)	38.0 (1.50)	44.4 (1.75)	52.6 (2.07)	463.5 (18.25)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)	8.0	7.1	6.8	5.6	5.7	5.7	4.1	4.3	4.2	4.9	7.0	8.2	71.6
Average relative humidity (%)	78.7	77.5	77.1	77.1	74.7	71.3	65.5	64.7	70.0	75.6	78.9	78.5	74.1
Source: World Meteorological Organization^[4]

Demographics

Ethnic composition according to the Ukrainian national census in 2001:

Ethnic groups in Alushta
			percent
Russians			57.09%
Ukrainians			32.96%
Crimean Tatars			5.90%
Belarusians			1.42%
Armenians			0.43%
Moldovans			0.20%
Azerbaijanis			0.20%
Tatars			0.18%
Poles			0.16%
Ashkenazi Jews			0.14%

^[5]

International relations

Twin towns — Sister cities

Alushta is twinned with:

Notable people

Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky (1864–1913), Ukrainian author
Rustem Umerov (born 1982), Ukrainian politician and current Minister of Defense
Roman Mamasuyev [uk] (1983–2016), Ukrainian soldier awarded with the Order for Courage

Gallery

15th century Genoese tower in Alushta
Villa "Otrada" (Stakheev's dacha)
Downtown Alushta
Park Alushti
Park Alushti
Alushta Beach
In Alushta. Season-2014
Alushta winery
St. Theodore Church
Main square
Panorama of Alushta in the 1850s, by Carlo Bossoli
Quay
Remains of Aluston fortress
Alushta Beach. July 2014
Quay. 2014
On the way. 2015
Cinema "Storm"
Memorial sign in honor of the Crimean partisans in Alushta
Alushta City Council building
one of the symbols of Alushta
Aluston fortress (IV-VI centuries). In exchange. Crimea. June
Soviet war monument in Alushta
Kenesa in Alushta
Kenesa in Alushta

References

^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2014). "Таблица 1.3. Численность населения Крымского федерального округа, городских округов, муниципальных районов, городских и сельских поселений" [Table 1.3. Population of Crimean Federal District, Its Urban Okrugs, Municipal Districts, Urban and Rural Settlements]. Федеральное статистическое наблюдение «Перепись населения в Крымском федеральном округе». ("Population Census in Crimean Federal District" Federal Statistical Examination) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 4, 2016.
^ Variants are Ἄλουστος (masc.), Ἀλοῦστον (neu.), Ἀλούστα (fem.) The feminine form, Alusta, is consistent with application to a city rather than a fortress. The anhydrous climate likely gave rise to a satirical, anthropomorphic appellation of “unwashed” to the place from resident(s). Χαραλαμπάκης, Παντελής. “Σκέψεισγια δυο Μεσαιωνικα Τοπωνυμια της Κριμαιαs, (Αλουστου, Παρθενιται)” [Reflections on two medieval names of Crimea (Aloustou, Parthenitai], Βυζαντινά Σύμμεικτα 23 (2013): 201–216; esp. 203, note 7.
^ The murder of the Jews of Alushta during World War II, at Yad Vashem website
^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010". World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
^ "Національний склад міст".
^ "Sadraudzības pilsētas". jurmala.lv. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 26 April 2014. (in Latvian and English)