AMD Accelerated Processing Unit (APU), formerly known as Fusion, is a series of 64-bit microprocessors from Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), combining a general-purpose AMD64 central processing unit (CPU) and 3D integrated graphics processing unit (IGPU) on a single die.
AMD announced the first generation APUs, Llano for high-performance and Brazos for low-power devices, in January 2011. The second generation Trinity for high-performance and Brazos-2 for low-power devices were announced in June 2012. The third generation Kaveri for high performance devices were launched in January 2014, while Kabini and Temash for low-power devices were announced in the summer of 2013. Since the launch of the Zen microarchitecture, Ryzen and Athlon APUs have released to the global market as Raven Ridge on the DDR4 platform, after Bristol Ridge a year prior.
AMD has also supplied semi-custom APUs for consoles starting with the release of Sony PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Xbox One eighth generation video game consoles.
The AMD Fusion project started in 2006 with the aim of developing a system on a chip that combined a CPU with a GPU on a single die. This effort was moved forward by AMD's acquisition of graphics chipset manufacturer ATI[1] in 2006. The project reportedly required three internal iterations of the Fusion concept to create a product deemed worthy of release.[1] Reasons contributing to the delay of the project include the technical difficulties of combining a CPU and GPU on the same die at a 45 nm process, and conflicting views on what the role of the CPU and GPU should be within the project.[2]
The first generation desktop and laptop APU, codenamed Llano, was announced on 4 January 2011 at the 2011 Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas and released shortly thereafter.[3][4] It featured K10 CPU cores and a Radeon HD 6000 series GPU on the same die on the FM1 socket. An APU for low-power devices was announced as the Brazos platform, based on the Bobcat microarchitecture and a Radeon HD 6000 series GPU on the same die.[5]
At a conference in January 2012, corporate fellow Phil Rogers announced that AMD would re-brand the Fusion platform as the Heterogeneous System Architecture (HSA), stating that "it's only fitting that the name of this evolving architecture and platform be representative of the entire, technical community that is leading the way in this very important area of technology and programming development."[6] However, it was later revealed that AMD had been the subject of a trademark infringement lawsuit by the Swiss company Arctic, who used the name "Fusion" for a line of power supply products.[7]
The second generation desktop and laptop APU, codenamed Trinity was announced at AMD's 2010 Financial Analyst Day[8][9] and released in October 2012.[10] It featured Piledriver CPU cores and Radeon HD 7000 series GPU cores on the FM2 socket.[11] AMD released a new APU based on the Piledriver microarchitecture on 12 March 2013 for Laptops/Mobile and on 4 June 2013 for desktops under the codename Richland.[12] The second generation APU for low-power devices, Brazos 2.0, used exactly the same APU chip, but ran at higher clock speed and rebranded the GPU as Radeon HD 7000 series and used a new I/O controller chip.
Semi-custom chips were introduced in the Microsoft Xbox One and Sony PlayStation 4 video game consoles,[13][14] and subsequently in the Microsoft Xbox Series X|S and Sony PlayStation 5 consoles.
A third generation of the technology was released on 14 January 2014, featuring greater integration between CPU and GPU. The desktop and laptop variant is codenamed Kaveri, based on the Steamroller architecture, while the low-power variants, codenamed Kabini and Temash, are based on the Jaguar architecture.[15]
Since the introduction of Zen-based processors, AMD renamed their APUs as the Ryzen with Radeon Graphics and Athlon with Radeon Graphics, with desktop units assigned with G suffix on their model numbers (e.g. Ryzen 5 3400G & Athlon 3000G) to distinguish them from regular processors or with basic graphics and also to differentiate away from their former Bulldozer era A-series APUs. The mobile counterparts were always paired with Radeon Graphics regardless of suffixes.
In November 2017, HP released the Envy x360, featuring the Ryzen 5 2500U APU, the first 4th generation APU, based on the Zen CPU architecture and the Vega graphics architecture.[16]
AMD is a founding member of the Heterogeneous System Architecture (HSA) Foundation and is consequently actively working on developing HSA in cooperation with other members. The following hardware and software implementations are available in AMD's APU-branded products:
The following table shows features of AMD's processors with 3D graphics, including APUs (see also: List of AMD processors with 3D graphics).
/drm/radeon
/drm/amdgpu
AMD APUs have CPU modules, cache, and a discrete-class graphics processor, all on the same die using the same bus. This architecture allows for the use of graphics accelerators, such as OpenCL, with the integrated graphics processor.[33] The goal is to create a "fully integrated" APU, which, according to AMD, will eventually feature 'heterogeneous cores' capable of processing both CPU and GPU work automatically, depending on the workload requirement.[34]
The first generation APU, released in June 2011, was used in both desktops and laptops. It was based on the K10 architecture and built on a 32 nm process featuring two to four CPU cores on a thermal design power (TDP) of 65-100 W, and integrated graphics based on the Radeon HD 6000 series with support for DirectX 11, OpenGL 4.2 and OpenCL 1.2. In performance comparisons against the similarly priced Intel Core i3-2105, the Llano APU was criticised for its poor CPU performance[37] and praised for its better GPU performance.[38][39] AMD was later criticised for abandoning Socket FM1 after one generation.[40]
The AMD Brazos platform was introduced on 4 January 2011, targeting the subnotebook, netbook and low power small form factor markets.[3] It features the 9-watt AMD C-Series APU (codename: Ontario) for netbooks and low power devices as well as the 18-watt AMD E-Series APU (codename: Zacate) for mainstream and value notebooks, all-in-ones and small form factor desktops. Both APUs feature one or two Bobcat x86 cores and a Radeon Evergreen Series GPU with full DirectX11, DirectCompute and OpenCL support including UVD3 video acceleration for HD video including 1080p.[3]
AMD expanded the Brazos platform on 5 June 2011 with the announcement of the 5.9-watt AMD Z-Series APU (codename: Desna) designed for the Tablet market.[41] The Desna APU is based on the 9-watt Ontario APU. Energy savings were achieved by lowering the CPU, GPU and northbridge voltages, reducing the idle clocks of the CPU and GPU as well as introducing a hardware thermal control mode.[41] A bidirectional turbo core mode was also introduced.
AMD announced the Brazos-T platform on 9 October 2012. It comprised the 4.5-watt AMD Z-Series APU (codenamed Hondo) and the A55T Fusion Controller Hub (FCH), designed for the tablet computer market.[42][43] The Hondo APU is a redesign of the Desna APU. AMD lowered energy use by optimizing the APU and FCH for tablet computers.[44][45]
The Deccan platform including Krishna and Wichita APUs were cancelled in 2011. AMD had originally planned to release them in the second half 2012.[46]
The first iteration of the second generation platform, released in October 2012, brought improvements to CPU and GPU performance to both desktops and laptops. The platform features 2 to 4 Piledriver CPU cores built on a 32 nm process with a TDP between 65 W and 100 W, and a GPU based on the Radeon HD7000 series with support for DirectX 11, OpenGL 4.2, and OpenCL 1.2. The Trinity APU was praised for the improvements to CPU performance compared to the Llano APU.[49]
The release of this second iteration of this generation was 12 March 2013 for mobile parts and 5 June 2013 for desktop parts.
In January 2013 the Jaguar-based Kabini and Temash APUs were unveiled as the successors of the Bobcat-based Ontario, Zacate and Hondo APUs.[53][54][55] The Kabini APU is aimed at the low-power, subnotebook, netbook, ultra-thin and small form factor markets, while the Temash APU is aimed at the tablet, ultra-low power and small form factor markets.[55] The two to four Jaguar cores of the Kabini and Temash APUs feature numerous architectural improvements regarding power requirement and performance, such as support for newer x86-instructions, a higher IPC count, a CC6 power state mode and clock gating.[56][57][58] Kabini and Temash are AMD's first, and also the first ever quad-core x86 based SoCs.[59] The integrated Fusion Controller Hubs (FCH) for Kabini and Temash are codenamed "Yangtze" and "Salton", respectively.[60] The Yangtze FCH features support for two USB 3.0 ports, two SATA 6 Gbit/s ports, as well as the xHCI 1.0 and SD/SDIO 3.0 protocols for SD-card support.[60] Both chips feature DirectX 11.1-compliant GCN-based graphics as well as numerous HSA improvements.[53][54] They were fabricated at a 28 nm process in an FT3 ball grid array package by Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), and were released on 23 May 2013.[56][61][62]
The PlayStation 4 and Xbox One were revealed to both be powered by 8-core semi-custom Jaguar-derived APUs.
The third generation of the platform, codenamed Kaveri, was partly released on 14 January 2014.[65] Kaveri contains up to four Steamroller CPU cores clocked to 3.9 GHz with a turbo mode of 4.1 GHz, up to a 512-core Graphics Core Next GPU, two decode units per module instead of one (which allows each core to decode four instructions per cycle instead of two), AMD TrueAudio,[66] Mantle API,[67] an on-chip ARM Cortex-A5 MPCore,[68] and will release with a new socket, FM2+.[69] Ian Cutress and Rahul Garg of Anandtech asserted that Kaveri represented the unified system-on-a-chip realization of AMD's acquisition of ATI. The performance of the 45 W A8-7600 Kaveri APU was found to be similar to that of the 100 W Richland part, leading to the claim that AMD made significant improvements in on-die graphics performance per watt;[63] however, CPU performance was found to lag behind similarly specified Intel processors, a lag that was unlikely to be resolved in the Bulldozer family APUs.[63] The A8-7600 component was delayed from a Q1 launch to an H1 launch because the Steamroller architecture components allegedly did not scale well at higher clock speeds.[70]
AMD announced the release of the Kaveri APU for the mobile market on 4 June 2014 at Computex 2014,[64] shortly after the accidental announcement on the AMD website on 26 May 2014.[71] The announcement included components targeted at the standard voltage, low-voltage, and ultra-low voltage segments of the market. In early-access performance testing of a Kaveri prototype laptop, AnandTech found that the 35 W FX-7600P was competitive with the similarly priced 17 W Intel i7-4500U in synthetic CPU-focused benchmarks, and was significantly better than previous integrated GPU systems on GPU-focused benchmarks.[72] Tom's Hardware reported the performance of the Kaveri FX-7600P against the 35 W Intel i7-4702MQ, finding that the i7-4702MQ was significantly better than the FX-7600P in synthetic CPU-focused benchmarks, whereas the FX-7600P was significantly better than the i7-4702MQ's Intel HD 4600 iGPU in the four games that could be tested in the time available to the team.[64]
{{cite web}}
هذه المقالة تحتاج للمزيد من الوصلات للمقالات الأخرى للمساعدة في ترابط مقالات الموسوعة. فضلًا ساعد في تحسين هذه المقالة بإضافة وصلات إلى المقالات المتعلقة بها الموجودة في النص الحالي. (نوفمبر 2013) الألعاب الأولمبية الشتوية 1988 كالغاري ، كندا الرياضيون المشاركون 57 [1]
دوري الدرجة الأولى الأرجنتيني 1900 تفاصيل الموسم دوري الدرجة الأولى الأرجنتيني النسخة 9 البلد الأرجنتين التاريخ بداية:20 مايو 1900 نهاية:8 سبتمبر 1900 المنظم اتحاد الأرجنتين لكرة القدم عدد المشاركين 4 دوري الدرجة الأولى الأرجنتيني 1899 دوري الدرجة الأولى ا…
Sally Amaki Información personalNombre en japonés 天城サリー Nacimiento 26 de abril de 2000 (23 años)Los Ángeles (Estados Unidos) Residencia Tokio Nacionalidad Estadounidense y japonesaLengua materna Inglés Información profesionalOcupación Cantante, seiyū, youtuber e idol japonés Años activa desde 2017Instrumento Voz Miembro de 22/7 [editar datos en Wikidata] Sally Amaki (天城サリー, Amaki Sarī?, Los Ángeles, 26 de abril de 2000) es una cantante y seiyū estadouni…
Maja y celestina en un balcón Autor Francisco de GoyaCreación 1808Material Óleo y LienzoDimensiones 166 centímetros x 108 centímetros[editar datos en Wikidata] Grabado Dos mujeres en la ventana basado en un cuadro de Murillo. Maja en el balcón, Leonardo Alenza, hacia 1840. Maja y celestina o Maja y celestina en un balcón [1] es un cuadro del pintor español Francisco de Goya[1]. Actualmente se encuentra en una colección privada[2]. Creación Durante la Guer…
تصميم دبليو 85 (قنبلة نووية) دبليو 85 هو رأس حربي نووي حراري طورته الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية. يشار إليها بالغالب باسم «الطلب الهاتفي» والتي يمكن ضبطها بين 5 و 80 كيلو طن.[1] نظرة عامة كان الصاروخ دبليو 85 مسلح برأس حربي يبلغ حجمه 400 كيلوطن.[2] وبحلول أوائل السبعينيات كان من ا…
Begonia aconitifolia TaksonomiDivisiTracheophytaSubdivisiSpermatophytesKladAngiospermaeKladmesangiospermsKladeudicotsKladcore eudicotsKladSuperrosidaeKladrosidsKladfabidsOrdoCucurbitalesFamiliBegoniaceaeGenusBegoniaSpesiesBegonia aconitifolia A.DC., 1859 lbs Begonia aconitifolia adalah spesies tumbuhan yang tergolong ke dalam famili Begoniaceae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari ordo Cucurbitales. Nama ilmiah spesies ini pertama kali diterbitkan oleh Alphonse Pyramus de Candolle pada 1859. …
ألم العضلات متأخر البدء Delayed onset muscle soreness معلومات عامة الاختصاص طب رياضي من أنواع ألم عضلي تعديل مصدري - تعديل ألم العضلات متأخر البدء (اختصارًا DOMS) أو تصلب العضلات[1] هو ألم ينشأ في عضلة معينة من كثرة الاستعمال وعلى الأخص عند إجهاد العضلة. ويبدأ الألم عادة بضعة سا…
Bupati Lampung TengahLambang Kabupaten Lampung TengahPetahanaMusa Ahmadsejak 26 Februari 2021KediamanPendapa Kabupaten Lampung TengahMasa jabatan5 tahunDibentuk1945Pejabat pertamaBurhanuddin AminSitus webweb.lampungtengahkab.go.id Berikut ini adalah Daftar Bupati Lampung Tengah dari masa ke masa.[1] No Bupati Mulai Jabatan Akhir Jabatan Prd. Ket. Wakil Bupati 1 Burhanuddin Amin 1945 1948 1 2 Zainabun Djajanegara 1948 1952 2 3 R.Syahri Djajoyoabdinegoro 1952 1957 3 4 Syamsudin V. Dja…
Die Weihe des Hauses Die Weihe des Hauses op. 124 (La Consécration de la maison ou L’Inauguration de la maison en français) est une ouverture en ut majeur de Ludwig van Beethoven composée en septembre 1822 pour répondre à une commande du directeur du théâtre de la Josefstadt, Karl Friedrich Hensler, qui allait inaugurer son théâtre. Composée dans la période particulière qui séparait la composition de la Missa Solemnis de celle de la Symphonie no 9, La Consécration de la mai…
Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Fabaceae – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR Fabaceae bunga TaksonomiDivisiTracheophytaSubdivisiSpermatophytesKladAngiospermaeKladmesangiospermsKladeudicotsKladcore eudicotsKladSuperrosidaeK…
هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (نوفمبر 2015) ورق النسخ الخالي من الكربون إن ورق النسخ الخالي من الكربون (CCP) أو نسخ الورق غير الكربوني أو ورق NCR هو البديل عن ورق الكربون، ويستخدم في عمل نسخة من المستند الأص…
Tyrese HaliburtonHaliburton dengan Indiana Pacers pada tahun 2022No. 0 – Indiana PacersPosisiPoint guard / shooting guardLigaNBAInformasi pribadiLahir29 Februari 2000 (umur 23)Milwaukee, Wisconsin, A.S.Tinggi6 ft 5 in (1,96 m)Berat185 pon (84 kg)Informasi karierSekolah menengah atasOshkosh North(Oshkosh, Wisconsin)Perguruan tinggiIowa State (2018–2020)Draf NBA2020 / Babak: 1 / Urutan pemilihan: ke-12 secara keseluruhanDipilih oleh Sacramento KingsKarier …
Aye Tha Aung(Myanmar)Wakil Ketua Majelis Persatuan ke-3Masa jabatan8 Februari 2016 – 1 Agustus 2018PendahuluNanda Kyaw SwaPenggantiTun Tun HeinWakil Ketua Amyotha Hluttaw ke-2Masa jabatan3 Februari 2016 – 31 Januari 2021PendahuluMya NyeinAnggota Parlemen Amyotha HluttawPetahanaMulai menjabat 3 Februari 2016Daerah pemilihanNegara bagian Rakhine № 6Kotapraja Myebon dan Kotapraja Minbya Informasi pribadiLahir10 Desember 1945 (umur 77)Kotapraja Myebon, Negara Bagian …
This article may rely excessively on sources too closely associated with the subject, potentially preventing the article from being verifiable and neutral. Please help improve it by replacing them with more appropriate citations to reliable, independent, third-party sources. (July 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) 2017 FIBA Oceania U-17 Championship for Women1st Oceanian Women's Basketball ChampionshipTournament detailsHost nation GuamDates10–15 July 2017Teams8Ven…
Historical demographic You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in French. (January 2013) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the French article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text int…
American hitman and boxer Joseph BarbozaBarboza's 1967 mugshotBornJoseph Barboza Jr.(1932-09-20)September 20, 1932New Bedford, Massachusetts, U.S.DiedFebruary 11, 1976(1976-02-11) (aged 43)San Francisco, California, U.S.Cause of deathGunshot woundsResting placeSouth Dartmouth Cemetery, Dartmouth, Massachusetts, U.S.NationalityAmericanOther namesThe Animal The Baron The Wild Thing The Joe Valachi of New England Joseph Donati Joseph Baroboza Baron Joseph BentleyOccupationMobsterChil…
Town in Tamil Nadu, IndiaKrishnarayapuramTownKrishnarayapuramLocation in Tamil Nadu, IndiaCoordinates: 10°56′40″N 78°16′45″E / 10.94444°N 78.27917°E / 10.94444; 78.27917Country IndiaStateTamil NaduRegionKongu NaduDistrictKarurPopulation (2001) • Total10,526Languages • OfficialTamilTime zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)Vehicle registrationTN-47 Krishnarayapuram is a panchayat town in Karur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Demograph…
مومياوات جبلين من عصر ما قبل الأسراتمعلومات عامةتاريخ الإنشاء 3400 ق.مالفترة/الحضارة عصر ما قبل الأسراتتعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات الرجل المحنط (جنجر سابقًا) في المقبرة بعد إعادة بنائها[1] مومياوات جبلين من عصر ما قبل الأسرات هي ست مومياوات حُنّطت تحنيطًا طبيعيً…
Bus station in Brisbane, Australia Not to be confused with Griffith University light rail station. Griffith UniversityGeneral informationLocationGriffith University, Mount GravattCoordinates27°32′47″S 153°03′51″E / 27.54639°S 153.06417°E / -27.54639; 153.06417Owned byDepartment of Transport & Main RoadsOperated byTransport for BrisbaneClarks Logan City Bus ServiceMt Gravatt Bus ServiceTransdev QueenslandLine(s)South East BuswayPlatforms2Bus routes15Constru…
Indian politician Not to be confused with Satyendra Narayan Sinha. Satya Narayan Sinha4th Governor of Madhya PradeshIn office8 March 1971 – 13 October 1977Chief MinisterShyama Charan ShuklaPrakash Chandra SethiKailash Chandra JoshiPreceded byK. Chengalaraya ReddySucceeded byN. N. WanchuMinister of HealthIn office14 November 1967 – 14 February 1969Prime MinisterIndira GandhiPreceded bySripati Chandrasekhar(As Minister of State)Succeeded byKodardas Kalidas ShahMinister of…
Lokasi Pengunjung: 18.117.81.240