Bureau des Longitudes

Das Bureau des Longitudes ist eine 1795 gegründete astronomische Institution in Frankreich. Seit dem 2. Juni 1998 trägt die Einrichtung den Namen Institut de mécanique céleste et de calcul des Ephémérides (IMCCE) und gehört zum Pariser Observatorium.

Aufgaben

Die Aufgabenstellung hat sich im Laufe der Jahrhunderte stark verändert. Heute ist das Bureau des Longitudes eines der astronomischen Zentren für Ephemeridenrechnung. In internationaler Arbeitsteilung wurden einigen Instituten besondere Aufgaben zugewiesen. Institute, die Ephemeridenrechnungen für die Astronomen aller Welt betreiben, sind vor allem: das United States Naval Observatory (USNO), das Astronomische Rechen-Institut (ARI) und das Bureau des Longitudes.[1] Der Sitz des Bureau des Longitudes befindet sich in Paris.[2]

Geschichte

Das Bureau des Longitudes wurde am 25. Juni 1795[3] aufgrund eines noch heute gültigen Gesetzes des Nationalkonvents nach Anhörung eines gemeinsam vom Marineausschuss, dem Finanzausschuss und dem öffentlichen Bildungsausschuss erstellten Berichts gegründet. Bereits 1714 wurde in Großbritannien das Board of Longitude gegründet, welches sich ebenfalls mit den astronomischen Problemen befasste, die sich aus der Bestimmung der Längengrade ergaben.[4]

Mitglieder

Mitglieder des ersten Komitees von 1795

Weitere Mitglieder

Literatur

  • Jean-Marie Feurtet: Le Bureau des longitudes (1795–1854). De Lalande à Le Verrier. Paris 2005 (PDF).
  • Martina Schiavon: The Bureau des Longitudes: An Institutional Study. In: Richard Dunn, Rebekah Higgitt (Hrsg.): Navigational Enterprises in Europe and its Empires, 1730–1850. Palgrave Macmillan, London 2015, ISBN 978-1-137-52063-0, S. 65–85.

Einzelnachweise

  1. ↑ Bureau des Longitudes. Abgerufen am 11. August 2024.
  2. ↑ IMCCE: Composition du Bureau des longitudes. In: Ephémérides astronomiques 2016. EDP Sciences, 2015, ISBN 978-2-7598-1940-9, S. 360–362, doi:10.1051/978-2-7598-1940-9.c027/html.
  3. ↑ Loi portant Etablissement d’un Bureau des Longitudes du 7 messidor, l’an troisième de la Rébublique une et indivisible (25 juin 1795). In: Lois, décrets, ordonnances, arrêtés et décisions concernant le Bureau des longitudes. Paris 1909, S. 16–18 (online, Volltext).
  4. ↑ IMCCE - Institut - Histoire et patrimoine. Abgerufen am 11. August 2024.

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