Kvajáva

Zrající plod
Celý a rozříznutý plod (nezralý)

Kvajáva[1] (též guave) je ovoce stromu kvajáva hrušková (Psidium guajava) z čeledi myrtovitých, pocházejícího z Jižní Ameriky, kde jsou tyto plody velmi oblíbeným ovocem. Odtud se pěstování rozšířilo do dalších oblastí tropického pásma (Indie, do Středomoří a dále). Český název pochází ze španělského guayaba a je arawackého původu[2].

Plody mají kulovitý až hruškovitý tvar. Povrch bývá hrbolatý nebo hladký, lesklý, hustě pokrytý tečkami. Dužina plodu je žlutavě bílá až červená, šťavnatá, výrazné vůně. Chutí připomíná fíky a hrušky. Obsahuje množství malých tvrdých semen. Do Česka se dováží nejen čerstvé, ale i konzervované.

Ovoce kvajávy obsahuje asi 15 % cukrů. Má vysoký obsah vitaminu C – asi 5× více než citrony nebo pomeranče, vitaminu A a značné množství vápníku. Nezralé plody jsou zelené, plně dozrálé slámově žluté. Zralý plod se lehce poddá tlaku prstů.[3][4]

Obsah živin

100 g ovoce obsahuje:[3]
energie 36 – 50 kcal
tekutina 77 – 86 g
vláknina 2,8 – 5,5 g
bílkovina 0,9 – 1,0 g
tuky 0,1 – 0,5 g
sacharidy 9,5 – 10 g
vápník 9,1 – 17 mg
fosfor 17,8 – 30 mg
železo 0,6 – 0,7 mg
karoteny 200 – 400 IU
thiamin 0,046 mg
riboflavin 0,03 mg
niacin 0,6 – 1,1 mg
vitamín C 350 – 450 mg

Pěstování

Produkce kvajávy v roce 2016
Stát miliony tun
Indie Indie
18,8
Čína Čína
4,7
Thajsko Thajsko
3,4
Mexiko Mexiko
2,2
Indonésie Indonésie
2,2
Pákistán Pákistán
1,6
Brazílie Brazílie
1,4
Svět
46,5
Source: Tridge Global Trade Platform[5]

V roce 2016 bylo ve světě vypěstováno 46,5 milionu tun kvajávy, největším producentem byla Indie, která se na celkové produkci podílela 41 procenty. Dalšími producenty v pořadí byly Čína (10 %) a Thajsko (7 %).[5]

Odkazy

Reference

  1. ↑ Internetová jazyková příručka [online]. Praha: Ústav pro jazyk český AV ČR, v. v. i, 2008–2025. Heslo kvajáva. 
  2. ↑ Real Academia Española. Diccionario de la lengua española [online]. [cit. 2024-04-21]. (23. vydání). Heslo guayaba. (španělsky) 
  3. ↑ a b MORTON, Julia F. Fruits of Warm Climates: Psidium guajava [online]. Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA, rev. 1987 [cit. 2016-08-17]. Dostupné online. (anglicky) 
  4. ↑ ACEVEDO-RODRÍGUEZ, Pedro. Invasive Species Compendium: Psidium guajava [online]. CABI (Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International), Wallingford, UK, rev. 01.03.2013 [cit. 2016-08-17]. Dostupné online. (anglicky) 
  5. ↑ a b Top Producing Countries of Guava [online]. Tridge, 2016 [cit. 2019-04-02]. Dostupné online. 

Externí odkazy

  • Logo Wikimedia Commons Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu Kvajáva na Wikimedia Commons
Ovoce
jádroviny
peckoviny
drobné bobuloviny
souplodí
skořápkoviny
(sub)tropické ovoce
ananas • avokádo • banán • curuba • čerimoja • datle • durian • fejchoa • fík • granátové jablko • indický fík • jujuba • kaki • karambola • kiwi • kvajáva • liči • luo-chan-kuo • mango • mangostan • marakuja • oliva • papája • muďoul • pitahaya • rajčenka • rambutan • salak • sapota • žakie
citrusy

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