Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija

Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija
SkraćenicaWHO
Datum osnivanja7. april 1948; prije 76 godina (1948-04-07)
VrstaSpecijalizovana agencija Ujedinjenih nacija
StatusAktivna
Glavno sjedišteŽeneva, Švicarska
Ključne osobeEtiopija Tedros Adhanom
(Generalni direktor)
Indija Soumya Swaminathan
(Zamjenik generalnog direktora)
Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo Jane Ellison
(Zamjenik generalnog direktora)
Australija Peter Salama
(Zamjenik generalnog direktora)
Budžet$4,422 milijardi (2018–2019)
Veb-sajtwww.who.int

Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija (WHO) je specijalizirana agencija Ujedinjenih naroda odgovorna za međunarodno javno zdravlje.[1] Sjedište joj je u Ženevi, Švicarska, i ima šest regionalnih ureda i 150 terenskih ureda širom svijeta.[2]

SZO je osnovana 7. aprila 1948. i sazvala je svoj prvi sastanak 24. jula te godine.[3][4] Uključuje imovinu, osoblje i dužnosti Zdravstvene organizacije Lige nacija i Office International d'Hygiène Publique sjedištem u Parizu, uključujući Međunarodnu klasifikaciju bolesti (ICD).[5] Rad agencije je ozbiljno započeo 1951. godine nakon značajne infuzije finansijskih i tehničkih sredstava.[6]

Zvanični mandat SZO je da promoviše zdravlje i sigurnost dok pomaže ugroženima širom svijeta. Pruža tehničku pomoć zemljama, postavlja međunarodne zdravstvene standarde, prikuplja podatke o globalnim zdravstvenim pitanjima i služi kao forum za naučne ili političke diskusije vezane za zdravlje.[1] Njegova zvanična publikacija, Svjetski zdravstveni izvještaj, daje procjene zdravstvenih tema širom svijeta.[7]

SZO je odigrala vodeću ulogu u nekoliko dostignuća u javnom zdravstvu, posebno u iskorenjivanju velikih boginja, skorom iskorenjivanju poliomijelitisa i razvoju vakcine protiv ebole. Njegovi trenutni prioriteti uključuju zarazne bolesti, posebno HIV/AIDS, ebolu, COVID-19, malariju i tuberkulozu; nezarazne bolesti kao što su bolesti srca i rak; zdrava ishrana, ishrana i sigurnost hrane; zdravlje na radu; i zloupotreba supstanci. Agencija se zalaže za univerzalnu pokrivenost zdravstvenom zaštitom, angažovanje u praćenju rizika po javno zdravlje, koordinaciju odgovora na hitne zdravstvene situacije i promociju zdravlja i dobrobiti uopće.[8]

SZO-om upravlja Svjetska zdravstvena skupština (WHA), koja se sastoji od 194 države članice. WHA bira i savjetuje izvršni odbor sastavljen od 34 zdravstvena specijalista; bira glavnog administratora SZO, generalnog direktora (trenutno Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus iz Etiopije);[9] postavlja ciljeve i prioritete; i odobrava budžet i aktivnosti. SZO se prvenstveno finansira od doprinosa država članica (kako procijenjenih tako i dobrovoljnih), a zatim privatnih donatora. Njegov ukupni odobreni budžet za 2020–2021. je preko 7,2 milijardi dolara.[1][10], dok je odobreni budžet za 2022–2023. godinu preko 6,2 milijarde dolara.

Tri bivša direktora Globalnog programa za iskorjenjivanje malih boginja pročitala su vijest da su velike boginje globalno iskorijenjene, 1980.
Aleksej Jablokov (levo) i Vasilij Nesterenko (krajnje desno) protestuju ispred sjedišta Svetske zdravstvene organizacije u Ženevi, Švicarska, 2008.

Zdravlje životne sredine

SZO procjenjuje da je 12.6 miliona ljudi umrlo kao rezultat života ili rada u nezdravom okruženju u 2012. godini – ovo čini skoro 1 od 4 ukupnih globalnih smrtnih slučajeva. Faktori rizika životne sredine, kao što su zagađenje vazduha, vode i tla, izloženost hemikalijama, klimatske promene i ultraljubičasto zračenje, doprinose nastanku više od 100 bolesti i povreda. To može dovesti do brojnih bolesti povezanih sa zagađenjem.

Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija, Bangladeš
Mapa regionalnih ureda SZO i njihovih operativnih regija:

Također pogledajte

Reference

  1. ^ a b c "The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization". The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation (jezik: engleski). 24. 1. 2019. Arhivirano s originala, 18. 3. 2020. Pristupljeno 18. 3. 2020.
  2. ^ "WHO (World Health Organisation)". Information Saves Lives | Internews (jezik: engleski). Pristupljeno 2. 3. 2023.
  3. ^ "History". World Health Organization (jezik: engleski). Arhivirano s originala, 22. 3. 2020. Pristupljeno 18. 3. 2020.
  4. ^ "Constitution of the World Health Organization" (PDF). Basic Documents. World Health Organization. Forty-fifth edition, Supplement: 20. oktobar 2006. Arhivirano s originala (PDF), 19. 5. 2020. Pristupljeno 19. 5. 2020.
  5. ^ "Milestones for health over 70 years". World Health Organization/Europe (jezik: engleski). 17. 3. 2020. Arhivirano s originala, 9. 4. 2020. Pristupljeno 17. 3. 2020.
  6. ^ "World Health Organization | History, Organization, & Definition of Health". Encyclopedia Britannica (jezik: engleski). Arhivirano s originala, 3. 4. 2020. Pristupljeno 18. 3. 2020.
  7. ^ "WHO | World health report 2013: Research for universal health coverage". WHO. Arhivirano s originala, 15. 3. 2020. Pristupljeno 18. 3. 2020.
  8. ^ "What we do". World Health Organization (jezik: engleski). Arhivirano s originala, 17. 3. 2020. Pristupljeno 17. 3. 2020.
  9. ^ "Dr Tedros takes office as WHO Director-General". World Health Organization. 1. 7. 2017. Arhivirano s originala, 18. 4. 2018. Pristupljeno 6. 7. 2017.
  10. ^ "WHO | Programme Budget Web Portal". open.who.int. Pristupljeno 1. 2. 2021.

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