Алдоза

Алдоза е монозахарид с една алдехидна група в молекулата си и химична формула Cn(H2O)n. Глицералдехидът е най-простият от алдозите само с три въглеродни атома.[1]

Алдозите имат поне един асиметричен въглероден атом (хирален център), което води до наличието на стереоизомери. Това означава, че алдозата може да има D- или L-форма при фишерова проекция. Биологичните системи по-често разпознават D-алдозите отколкото L-формите.

Алдозите изомеризират до кетози при трансформация по Lobry-de Bruyn-van Ekenstein.

трансформация по Lobry-de Bruyn-van Ekenstein

Алдозите се различават от кетозите по положението на карбонилната група, която е в края на веригата, докато при кетозите тя е по-средата (най-често на втора позиция); този факт води до разлика в химичните им свойства. Качествена реакции за алдози е окислението им от амонячен разтвор на сребърен оксид, при което в епруветка се наблюдава как стените се покриват с елементарно сребро. Другият продукт от реакцията е карбоксилна киселина. Кетозите могат да бъдат разграничени чрез тест на Селиманов:


Тест на Селиманов

Списък на алдозите

Генетично дърво на D-Алдозите.
(1) D-(+)-Глицералдехид; (2a) D-(−)-Еритроза; (2b) D-(−)-Треоза; (3a) D-(−)-Рибоза; (3b) D-(−)-Арабиноза; (3c) D-(+)-Ксилоза; (3d) D-(−)-Ликсоза; (4a) D-(+)-Алоза; (4b) D-(+)-Алтроза; (4c) D-(+)-Глюкоза; (4d) D-(+)-Маноза; (4e) D-(−)-Гулоза; (4f) D-(−)-Идоза; (4g) D-(+)-Галактоза; (4h) D-(+)-Талоза

Източници

  1. ↑ [Berg, J.M., 2006. Carbohydrates. 6th ed., Biochemistry. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company]

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