Gobernantes d'Italia

Los Gobernantes d'Italia son los xefes d'estáu y de gobiernu a lo llargo de la historia del país, dende la unificación hasta l'actualidá. Antes de la unificación los distintos territorios qu'agora formen Italia teníen diversos sistemes de gobiernu, dende la república a la monarquía absoluta. Tres la unificación instauróse una monarquía constitucional rexida pol Estatutu Albertino, siendo'l Presidente del Conseyu de Ministros el xefe de gobiernu y el rei el xefe del Estáu. Mientres el Fascismu n'Italia, caltúvose'l sistema vixente siendo Mussolini el primer ministru mientres casi tol periodu. Col fin del fascismu y el advenimiento de la democracia instauróse una Constitución qu'establecía al presidente como xefe d'estáu y calteniendo al primer ministru como xefe de gobiernu.

Xefes d'Estáu

Esta posición foi ocupada de 1861 a 1946 pol Rei y de esi añu hasta l'actualidá foi ocupada pol Presidente.

Ente la cayida del imperiu romanu y la unificación italiana diversos reies asumieron el títulu de Rei d'Italia, anque dempués del Reinu Ostrogodu nel sieglu VI nengún rei reinara sobre tou la totalidá de lo que güei ye Italia. Un referendu en 1946 acabó cola monarquía decantándose los votantes pola república. La Constitución de 1948 confirmaba'l referendu y amás obligaba al exiliu a la familia real italiana.

La siguiente tabla contién los cuatro reis d'Italia tres la unificación.

Nome Dende Hasta
I Víctor Manuel II 1861 1878
II Humberto I 1878 1900
III Víctor Manuel III 1900 1946
IV Humberto II 1946

El Presidente encargar de velar pola unidá del país y les rellaciones ente partíos ya instituciones. El puestu foi creáu en 1948 pola Constitución, pero dende 1946 esistía un presidente provisional.

# Nome Dende Hasta Partíu
I Enrico De Nicola 1946 1948 Partíu Lliberal Italianu
II Luigi Einaudi 1948 1955 Partíu Lliberal Italianu
III Giovanni Gronchi 1955 1962 Democracia Cristiana
IV Antonio Segni 1962 1964 Democracia Cristiana
V Giuseppe Saragat 1964 1971 Partíu Socialista Democráticu Italianu
VI Giovanni Leone 1971 1978 Democracia Cristiana
VII Sandro Pertini 1978 1985 Partíu Socialista Italianu
VIII Francesco Cossiga 1985 1992 Democracia Cristiana
IX Oscar Luigi Scalfaro 1992 1999 Democracia Cristiana
X Carlo Azeglio Ciampi 1999 2006 Independiente
XI Giorgio Napolitano 2006 2015 Demócrates d'Izquierda
XII Sergio Mattarella 2015 Presidente n'exerciciu Independiente

Xefe de gobiernu

De 1861 hasta l'actualidá'l Presidente del Conseyu de Ministros foi'l xefe de gobiernu. Ye designáu pol xefe d'estáu pero al precisar el sofitu del Parllamentu d'Italia suel ser miembru del partíu políticu más votáu.

Duración del mandatu Presidente del Conseyu de Ministros
1861 Camillo Benso, conde de Cavour
1861 - 1862 Bettino Ricasoli
1862 Urbano Rattazzi
1862 - 1863 Luigi Carlo Farini
1863 - 1864 Marco Minghetti
1864 - 1866 Alfonso Ferrero, Caballero La-Marmora
1866 - 1867 Bettino Ricasoli
1867 Urbano Rattazzi
1867 - 1869 Luigi Federico Menabrea
1869 - 1873 Giovanni Lanza
1873 - 1876 Marco Minghetti
1876 - 1878 Agostino Depretis
1878 Benedetto Cairoli
1878 - 1879 Agostino Depretis
1879 - 1881 Benedetto Cairoli
1881 - 1887 Agostino Depretis
1887 - 1891 Francesco Crispi
1891 - 1892 Antonio Starabba, Marqués de Rudinì
1892 - 1893 Giovanni Giolitti
1893 - 1896 Francesco Crispi
1896 - 1898 Antonio Starabba, Marqués de Rudinì
1898 - 1900 Luigi Pelloux
1900 - 1901 Giuseppe Saracco
1901 - 1903 Giuseppe Zanardelli
1903 - 1905 Giovanni Giolitti
1905 - 1906 Alessandro Fortis
1906 Sidney Sonnino
1906 - 1909 Giovanni Giolitti
1909 - 1910 Sidney Sonnino
1910 - 1911 Luigi Luzzatti
1911 - 1914 Giovanni Giolitti
1914 - 1916 Antonio Salandra
1916 - 1917 Paolo Boselli
1917 - 1919 Vittorio Emanuele Orlando
1919 - 1920 Francesco Saverio Nitti
1920 - 1921 Giovanni Giolitti
1921 - 1922 Ivanoe Bonomi
1922 Luigi Facta
1922 - 1943 Benito Mussolini
1943 - 1944 Xeneral Pietro Badoglio (Gobiernu Militar Provisional)
1944 - 1945 Ivanoe Bonomi
1945 Ferruccio Parri
1945 - 1953 Alcide De Gasperi
1953 - 1954 Giuseppe Pella
1954 Amintore Fanfani
1954 - 1955 Mario Scelba
1955 - 1957 Antonio Segni
1957 - 1958 Adone Zoli
1958 - 1959 Amintore Fanfani
1959 - 1960 Antonio Segni
1960 Fernando Tambroni-Armaroli
1960 - 1963 Amintore Fanfani
1963 Giovanni Leone
1963 - 1968 Aldo Moro
1968 Giovanni Leone
1968 - 1970 Mariano Rumor
1970 - 1972 Emilio Colombo
1972 - 1973 Giulio Andreotti
1973 - 1974 Mariano Rumor
1974 - 1976 Aldo Moro
1976 - 1979 Giulio Andreotti
1979 - 1980 Francesco Cossiga
1980 - 1981 Arnaldo Forlani
1981 - 1982 Giovanni Spadolini
1982 - 1983 Amintore Fanfani
1983 - 1987 Bettino Craxi
1987 Amintore Fanfani
1987 - 1988 Giovanni Goria
1988 - 1989 Ciriaco De Mita
1989 - 1992 Giulio Andreotti
1992 - 1993 Giuliano Amato
1993 - 1994 Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
1994 - 1995 Silvio Berlusconi
1995 - 1996 Lamberto Dini
1996 - 1998 Romano Prodi
1998 - 2000 Massimo D'Alema
2000 - 2001 Giuliano Amato
2001 - 2006 Silvio Berlusconi
2006 - 2008 Romano Prodi
2008 - 2011 Silvio Berlusconi
2011 - 2013 Mario Monti
2013 - 2014 Enrico Letta
2014 - 2016 Matteo Renzi
2016 - Paolo Gentiloni


Referencies

Enllaces esternos

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