In East Asian Buddhism, the Six Guanyin (Chinese 六觀音 (traditional) / 六观音 (simplified), pinyin: Liù Guānyīn; Korean: 육관음, Yuk Gwaneum; Japanese: 六観音, Roku Kannon, Rokkannon; Vietnamese: Lục Quán Âm) is a grouping of six manifestations of the bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, known as Guanyin (Guanshiyin) in Chinese and Kannon (Kanzeon) in Japanese.
A list of six incarnations of the bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara (Guanyin / Kannon) first appears in the Mohe Zhiguan by the Tiantai patriarch Zhiyi (538–597 CE), where these are equated with the six syllables of the dhārāṇī contained in the Dhārāṇī Sūtra of Invoking Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva to Dissipate Poison and Harm (請觀世音菩薩消伏毒害陀羅尼呪經; Taishō Tripitaka 1043[1]) and associated to each of the six states of existence. These six, representing Avalokiteśvara's six qualities, are said to have the power to destroy the three kinds of obstacles (三障)[a] in these realms.[3][4][5][6]
A variant of this list was imported to Japan from China by the Tendai monk Enchin (856–891). By the end of the Heian period, the Shingon monk Ningai (仁海, 951–1046), claiming the authority of "earlier masters," associated the six incarnations of the Mohe Zhiguan with six esoteric forms of Avalokiteśvara:[6][7]
The Japanese Tendai school eventually adopted the new list, substituting Amoghapāśa (不空羂索觀音, Bùkōng Juànsuǒ Guānyīn; Jp. Fukū Kensaku / Kenjaku Kannon) for Cundī.[b][6]
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