Eight Great Yakṣa Generals

Sōryū Tamura's "Bishamonten Mandala".
Vaiśravaṇa flanked by the Eight Yakṣa Generals and Nāga Kings.

The Eight Great Yakṣa Generals (Chinese: 八大夜叉大将; pinyin: Bādà Yèchā Dàjiàng), or simply the Eight Yakṣa Generals, are guardian deities in Buddhism. They are retainers of Vaiśravaṇa, guardian of the north and king of the yakṣas.

In East Asia, they are also variously known as the Eight Great Yakṣas (八大藥叉), the Eight Great Heavenly Kings (八大天王), and the Eight Brothers of Vaiśravaṇa (毘沙門八兄弟).[1][2]

Relationship to Vaiśravaṇa

The term yakṣarākṣasa has been used as a general term to denote the many classes of spirits in Indian mythology, combining the words yakṣa and rākṣasa.[3]

According to Buddhist mythology, Vaiśravaṇa is the chief of these beings, and long ago dwelt together with them in the realm of darkness. When Vaiśravaṇa converted to Buddhism, the many demonic spirits under his jurisdiction likewise assumed the role of devotees to the Buddha. Originally malevolent beings, their conversion led to their deification as benevolent guardian deities.

Among the many yakṣas under Vaiśravaṇa's rule, the Eight Great Yakṣa Generals are ranked at the top of the hierarchy. Always at Vaiśravaṇa's command, these deities command 36,000 yakṣas that serve their king and are said to protect those who venerate them. A similar list may be found among the Twenty-Eight Great Yakṣa Generals.[4]

Yakṣa Generals

Their names are given in the Commentary on the Mahāvairocana Abhisaṃbodhi Tantra (大毘盧遮那成佛經疏) as follows:

Sanskrit Hanzi Pinyin Rōmaji Vietnamese Korean Tagalog
Maṇibhadra 寶賢 Bǎoxián Hōken Bảo Hiền 보현 Manibhadla
Pūrṇabhadra 滿賢 Mǎnxián Manken Mãn Hiền 만현 Pulnabhadla
Pañcika 散脂 Sànzhī Sanshi Mật Chủ
Mật Thân		 산지 Pankika
Śatagiri 眾德 Zhòngdé Shūtoku Uy Thần
Chúng Đức		 중덕 Satagili
Haimavata 應念 Yīngniàn Ōnen Chủ Tuyết Sơn Giả
Ứng Niệm		 응념 Haimabata
Viśākhā 大滿 Dàmǎn Daiman Đại Mãn
Trì Pháp		 대만 Bisakha
Āṭavaka 無比力 Wúbǐlì Muhiriki Vô Tỉ Lực
Vô Tỉ Thân		 무비력 Atabaka
Pañcala 密嚴 Mìyán Mitsugon Mật Nghiêm 밀엄 Pankala

See also

References

  1. ^ "八大夜叉". 佛光大辭典 (in Chinese (China)). Retrieved 2019-07-18.
  2. ^ Chaudhuri, Saroj Kumar (2003). Hindu Gods and Goddesses in Japan. Vedams eBooks Ltd. p. 31. ISBN 9788179360095.
  3. ^ Hidas, Gergely (2017). "Mahā-Daṇḍadhāraṇī-Śītavatī: A Buddhist Apotropaic Scripture". Indic Manuscript Cultures through the Ages. De Gruyter. pp. 449–486. JSTOR j.ctvbkjzkh.17.
  4. ^ 武藤一機. "八大夜叉大将". 神魔精霊妖名辞典 (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 2019-11-08. Retrieved 2019-07-18.
Stub icon

This Mahayana-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Stub icon

This Buddhist mythology-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Stub icon

This article about a deity is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Read other articles:

Indahnya Bulan Suci

IndahnyaBulan SuciAlbum studio karya KompilasiDirilis2011GenrePop,ReligiLabelMusica Studio's Trinity Optima ProductionKronologi Kompilasi -String Module Error: Match not foundString Module Error: Match not found Indahnya Bulan Suci (2011) Indahnya Bulan Suci adalah album kompilasi religi Indonesia yang dirilis pada bulan Agustus 2011 dengan grup musik d'Masiv sebagai pengisi utama album ini. Berisi 10 buah lagu dengan lagu Beri Kami Yang Terbaik sebagai lagu utama. Daftar lagu D'Masiv –...

 

 

Druskininkai

Peta lokasi Lambang 54°1′N 23°58′E / 54.017°N 23.967°E / 54.017; 23.967 Druskininkai (dengarkan pelafalanⓘ, bahasa Polandia: Druskieniki) adalah sebuah kota di kabupaten Alytus, Lituania juga ibu kota kotamadya Druskininkai). Kota ini dianugerahi hak kota pada tahun 1893 menurut hukum Magdeburg. Kota ini berpenduduk 18.233 pada tahun 2001, menjadikannya sebagai kota terpadat ke-20 di Lituania. Artikel bertopik geografi atau tempat Lituania ini adalah sebu...

 

 

Königswalde

Königswalde Letak Königswalde di Erzgebirgskreis NegaraJermanNegara bagianSachsenWilayahChemnitzKreisErzgebirgskreisMunicipal assoc.BärensteinSubdivisions2Pemerintahan • MayorWolfgang HotzeLuas • Total19,54 km2 (754 sq mi)Ketinggian tertinggi730 m (2,400 ft)Ketinggian terendah500 m (1,600 ft)Populasi (2013-12-31)[1] • Total2.301 • Kepadatan1,2/km2 (3,0/sq mi)Zona waktuWET/WMPET (U...

Barisan Nasional (Malaysia)

Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Barisan Nasional (disambiguasi). Barisan Nasional -Nama dalam bahasa MelayuBarisan Nasionalباريسن ناسيونلNama dalam bahasa Mandarin國民陣線国民阵线Guómín zhènxiànNama dalam bahasa Tamilபாரிசான் நேசனல்Ketua umumAhmad Zahid HamidiSekretaris JenderalZambry Abdul KadirPendiriAbdul Razak HusseinDibentuk1 Januari 1973 (1973-01-01)Disahkan1 Juni 1974 (1974-06-01)Dibubarkan-Didahului olehPerikatanDiteruskan...

 

 

Lima (village, New York)

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Lima (homonymie). Ne doit pas être confondu avec Lima (New York). LimaGéographiePays  États-UnisÉtat New YorkComté comté de LivingstonSuperficie 3,49 km2 (2010)Surface en eau 0 %Altitude 252 mCoordonnées 42° 54′ 23″ N, 77° 36′ 46″ ODémographiePopulation 2 094 hab. (2020)Densité 600 hab./km2 (2020)IdentifiantsCode postal 14485Code FIPS 3642323GNIS 2390941, 955333Site web villageoflima...

 

 

Government of Oregon

Government of the U.S. state of Oregon This article is about the government of Oregon. For the state of Oregon, see Oregon. Government of OregonGreat Seal of the State of OregonPolity typeSub-national administrative division (federated state)Part ofUnited States of AmericaConstitutionConstitution of OregonLegislative branchNameLegislatureTypeBicameralMeeting placeOregon State CapitolUpper houseNameSenatePresiding officerRob Wagner, PresidentLower houseNameHouse of RepresentativesPresiding off...

Villefranche-sur-Saône

Subprefecture and commune in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, FranceVillefranche-sur-Saône Velafranche (Arpitan)Subprefecture and communeA general view of Villefranche-sur-Saône Coat of armsLocation of Villefranche-sur-Saône Villefranche-sur-SaôneShow map of FranceVillefranche-sur-SaôneShow map of Auvergne-Rhône-AlpesCoordinates: 45°59′00″N 4°43′00″E / 45.9833°N 4.7167°E / 45.9833; 4.7167CountryFranceRegionAuvergne-Rhône-AlpesDepartmentRhôneArrondissemen...

 

 

Dex Lee

English actor Dex LeeLee in 2023Born (1993-05-16) 16 May 1993 (age 30)Edmonton, EnglandEducationThe Latymer SchoolMorgan Aslanoff School of DanceArtsEdOccupationActorYears active2014–presentTelevisionDoctorsRelativesMiriam-Teak Lee (sister) Dex Lee (born 16 May 1993) is an English actor, known for his role as Bear Sylvester on the BBC soap opera Doctors. Before he was cast in Doctors, he appeared in numerous professional stage productions and worked part-time as a dance teacher. E...

 

 

Bangor, Maine

Peta satelit Bangor Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Bangor. Bangor adalah sebuah kota di timur laut Amerika Serikat, di negara bagian Maine. Menurut sensus tahun 2000 kota ini berpenduduk 31.473 jiwa. Termasuk ke wilayah Penobscot County dan merupakan pusat perdagangan yang penting di timur, tengah, dan barat Maine; dan juga kota terbesar ke-3 di negara bagian itu. Sejarah Orang Penobscot sudah lama menghuni daerah yang sekarang bernama Bangor ini, dan masih menduduki tanah suku di Indian Island y...

XS4ALL

XS4ALLXS4ALL office at Sloterdijk, AmsterdamIndustryInternet service providerPredecessorHacktic NetFoundedHack-Tick and NEABBS (1993)FounderFelipe Rodriguez-SvenssonRop GonggrijpPaul JongsmaCor BosmanDefunct2022HeadquartersNetherlands, AmsterdamServicesInternet, TV and TelephoneParentKPNWebsitehttps://www.xs4all.nl/en/ XS4ALL was an Internet service provider (ISP) in the Netherlands. It was founded in 1993 as an offshoot of the hackers club Hack-Tic[1][2] by Felipe Rodriquez, ...

 

 

March 2016 Hillah suicide truck bombing

Suicide terrorist attack in Iraq March 2016 Hillah suicide truck bombingPart of Iraqi Civil WarLocation of Babil Governorate in IraqLocationHillah, Babil Governorate, IraqCoordinates33°23′20″N 44°27′30″E / 33.38889°N 44.45833°E / 33.38889; 44.45833DateMarch 6, 2016Attack typeMass murder Suicide attack Car bombingWeaponsTruck bombsDeaths60Injured70PerpetratorsIslamic State vteWar in Iraq (2013–2017)Battles and operations 1st Anbar 1st Fallujah 1st Northern...

 

 

Gil Cisneros

American government official and politician (born 1971) Gil Cisneros10th Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and ReadinessIn officeAugust 24, 2021 – September 8, 2023PresidentJoe BidenPreceded byMatthew DonovanSucceeded byAshish Vazirani (acting)Member of the U.S. House of Representativesfrom California's 39th districtIn officeJanuary 3, 2019 – January 3, 2021Preceded byEd RoyceSucceeded byYoung Kim Personal detailsBornGilbert Ray Cisneros Jr. (1971-02-1...

Olympiska vinterspelen 2010

Olympiska vinterspelen 2010 Grenar86 grenar i 15 sporterDeltagareNationer82Aktiva2626[1]Män1 215Kvinnor522VärdskapLand KanadaOrtVancouverArenaBC PlaceInvigning12 februari 2010Spelen öppnades avMichaëlle Jean(Generalguvernör)Läste deltagarnas edHayley WickenheiserLäste funktionärernas edMichel VerraultElden tändes avCatriona LeMay-Doan, Steve Nash, Nancy Greene, Wayne GretzkyAvslutning28 februari 2010← Turin 2006 Sotji 2014 → Olympiska vinterspelen 2010, de tjugo...

 

 

بيدرو شيريفيلا

بيدرو شيريفيلا (بالإسبانية: Pedro Chirivella)‏ شيريفيلا مع نانت عام 2020 معلومات شخصية الاسم الكامل بيدرو شيريفيلا برغش[1] الميلاد 23 مايو 1997 (العمر 27 سنة)[2]بلنسية، إسبانيا الطول 1.78 م (5 قدم 10 بوصة)[3] مركز اللعب وسط الجنسية إسباني معلومات النادي النادي الحالي نانت ا...

 

 

Robert Robinson

Untuk tokoh lain dengan nama serupa, lihat Robert Robinson. Robert Robinson Sir Robert Robinson OM, PRS (Chesterfield, 13 September 1886 – Great Missenden, 8 Februari 1975) ialah seorang kimiawan Inggris dan pemenang Nobel Kimia yang diakui pada tahun 1947 untuk penelitiannya pada bahan pewarna tumbuhan (antosianin) dan alkaloid. Biografi Kehidupan awal Robinson bersekolah di Chesterfield Grammar School, Fulneck School yang swasta dan University of Manchester. Ia merupakan Profesor Waynflet...

Dăržavno părvenstvo po futbol 1932

Dăržavno părvenstvo po futbol 1932 Competizione Dăržavno părvenstvo po futbol Sport Calcio Edizione 8ª Organizzatore BFS Luogo  Bulgaria Partecipanti 13 Risultati Vincitore  Spartak Varna(1º titolo) Secondo  Slavia Sofia Statistiche Incontri disputati 13 Gol segnati 53 (4,08 per incontro) Cronologia della competizione 1931 1933 Manuale Il Dăržavno părvenstvo po futbol 1932 fu l'ottava edizione della massima serie del campionato di calcio bulgaro concluso il 18 ...

 

 

圣米格尔-德图库曼

26°49′50″S 65°12′13″W / 26.83056°S 65.20361°W / -26.83056; -65.20361 San Miguel de TucumánSan Miguel de Tucumán坐标：26°49′00″S 65°13′00″W / 26.816666666667°S 65.216666666667°W / -26.816666666667; -65.216666666667國家 阿根廷省 图库曼省人口（2004年） • 總計833,100人 聖米格爾-德圖庫曼（西班牙語：San Miguel de Tucumán）是阿根廷城市，為該國最小省份——图...

 

 

Vlastimil Tusar

Czech journalist and political figure Vlastimil TusarPrime Minister of CzechoslovakiaIn office8 July 1919 – 15 September 1920Preceded byKarel KramářSucceeded byJan ČernýMember of the Austrian Imperial CouncilIn office1911–1918Member of the Czechoslovak National AssemblyIn office27 October 1918 – 1 March 1921 Personal detailsBorn(1880-10-18)18 October 1880Prague, Austria-HungaryDied22 March 1924(1924-03-22) (aged 43)Berlin, Weimar RepublicPolitical partySocial ...

Ranspach-le-Bas

Ranspach-le-Bascomune Ranspach-le-Bas – Veduta LocalizzazioneStato Francia RegioneGrand Est Dipartimento Alto Reno ArrondissementMulhouse CantoneSaint-Louis TerritorioCoordinate47°35′N 7°27′E47°35′N, 7°27′E (Ranspach-le-Bas) Altitudine302 e 401 m s.l.m. Superficie4,41 km² Abitanti675[1] (2009) Densità153,06 ab./km² Altre informazioniCod. postale68730 Fuso orarioUTC+1 Codice INSEE68263 CartografiaRanspach-le-Bas Sito istituzionaleModifica dati...

 

 

Washington State University

Public university in Pullman, Washington, US This article is about the flagship campus in Pullman. For the university system, see Washington State University System. Washington State UniversityFormer namesAgricultural College, Experiment Station and School of Science of the State of Washington (1890–1905)State College of Washington (1905–1959)TypePublic land-grant research universityEstablishedMarch 28, 1890; 134 years ago (1890-03-28)AccreditationNWCCUAcademic affiliati...