List of revolutions and rebellions

See also: List of coups and coup attempts and List of invasions

The storming of the Bastille, 14 July 1789, during the French Revolution.
Greek War of Independence, (1821–29), rebellion of Greeks within the Ottoman Empire, a struggle which resulted in the establishment of an independent Greece.

This is a list of revolutions, rebellions, insurrections, and uprisings.

BC

  Revolutionary/rebel victory
  Revolutionary/rebel defeat
  Another result (e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result, status quo ante bellum, result unknown or indecisive)
  Ongoing conflict
Date Revolution/Rebellion Location Revolutionaries/Rebels Result Image Ref
c. 2730 BCE Set rebellion Egypt Priests of Horus Egypt divides into Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt [1]
c. 2690 BC Nubian revolt Egypt Nubians Pharaoh Khasekhemwy quashed the rebellion, reuniting Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt [2]
c. 2380 BC Sumerian revolt Lagash, Sumer Sumerians The popular revolt deposed King Lugalanda and put the reformer Urukagina on the throne. [3]
1046 BC Battle of Muye China Zhou End of the Shang dynasty; beginning of the Zhou dynasty

[4]

1042–1039 BC Rebellion of the Three Guards China Three Guards, separatists and Shang loyalists Decisive Zhou loyalist victory, Fengjian system established, Resistance of Shang loyalists is broken. [5]
842 BC Compatriots Rebellion China Peasants and soldiers King Li of Zhou was exiled and China was ruled by the Gonghe Regency until Li's death. [6][7]
626–620 BC Revolt of Babylon Neo-Assyrian Empire Babylonians, led by Nabopolassar The Babylonians overthrew Assyrian rule, establishing the Neo-Babylonian Empire, which ruled over the Near East for about a century. [8]
570 BC Amasis revolt Egypt Egyptian soldiers Pharaoh Apries was overthrown and exiled, giving Amasis II the opportunity to seize the throne. Apries later attempted to retake Egypt, with Babylonian support, but was defeated and killed. [9]
552–550 BC Persian Revolt Persis, Media Persians, led by Cyrus the Great Median rule overthrown, Persis and Media become part of the new Achaemenid Empire
531 BC Phoenician revolt of 351 Phoenicia Tennes of Sidon, followed by rulers of Anatolia and Cyprus Destruction of Sidon, execution of Tennes, and invasion of Egypt. [10][11]
522 BC Anti-Achaemeneid Rebellions Achaemenid Empire Assyrians, Babylonians, Egyptians, Elamites, Medians and Parthians Darius the Great quashes all the rebellions within the space of a year. [12]
510–509 BC Roman Revolution Rome Republicans The Roman monarchy was overthrown and in its place the Roman Republic was established. [13]
508–507 BC Athenian Revolution Athens Democrats The Tyrant Hippias was deposed and the subsequent aristocratic oligarchy overthrown, establishing Democracy in Athens. [14]
499–493 BC Ionian Revolt Ionia, Achaemenid Empire Greeks The Achaemenid Empire asserts its rule over the city states of Ionia. [15]
494 BC First secessio plebis Roman Republic Plebeians Patricians freed some of the plebs from their debts and conceded some of their power by creating the office of the Tribune of the Plebs. [16]
484 BC Bel-shimanni's rebellion Babylon, Achaemenid Empire Babylonians Rebellion quickly defeated by Xerxes I. [17]
482–481 BC Shamash-eriba's rebellion Babylon, Achaemenid Empire Babylonians Rebellion eventually defeated by Xerxes I, Babylon's fortifications were destroyed and its temples were ransacked. [17]
464 BC Third Messenian War Sparta Messenian Helots Slave revolt put down by Archidamus II, who called Sparta to arms in the wake of an earthquake. [18]
460–454 BC Inaros' revolt Egypt, Achaemenid Empire Inaros II and his Athenian allies Defeated by the Persian army led by Megabyzus and Artabazus, after a two-year siege. Inaros was captured and carried away to Susa where he was crucified. [19][20]
449 BC Second Secessio plebis Roman Republic Plebeians The Senate forced the resignation of the Decemviri and restored both the office of Tribune of the Plebs and the right of appeal, which were suspended during the rule of the Decemvir. [21][22]
445 BC Third Secessio plebis Roman Republic Plebeians Intermarriage between Patricians and Plebeians was legalized and the position of Consular Tribune (a Tribune of the Plebs elected with the powers of a consul) was created. [23][24]
342 BC Fourth Secessio plebis Roman Republic Plebeians [23]
287 BC Fifth Secessio plebis Roman Republic Plebeians The Lex Hortensia was implemented, establishing that the laws decided by the Plebeian Council were made binding on all Roman citizens, including patricians. This law finally eliminated the political disparity between the two classes, bringing the Conflict of Orders to an end after about two hundred years of struggle. [25]
241 BC Revolt of the Falisci Roman Republic Falisci The Falisci were defeated and subjugated to Roman dominance, the town of Falerii was destroyed. [26]
209 BC Dazexiang uprising China Villagers led by Chen Sheng and Wu Guang The uprising was put down by Qin forces, Chen and Wu were assassinated by their own men. [27]
206 BC Liu Bang's Insurrection China Han forces The Qin dynasty is overthrown in a popular revolt and after a period of contention, Liu Bang is crowned Emperor of the Han dynasty.
205–185 BC Great revolt of the Egyptians Egypt, Ptolemaic Kingdom Egyptians, led by Hugronaphor and Ankhmakis Revolt put down by the Ptolemaic Kingdom, cementing Greek rule over Egypt. [28]
181–179 BC First Celtiberian War Hispania, Roman Republic Celtiberians Revolt eventually subdued by the Romans. [29]
167–160 BC Maccabean Revolt Judea, Coele-Syria, Seleucid Empire Maccabees, led by Judas Maccabeus Sovereignty of Judea is secured, eventually the independent Hasmonean dynasty is established. [30]
154 BC Rebellion of the Seven States China Principalities led by Liu Pi Rebellion crushed after 3 months, further centralization of imperial power. [31]
154–151 BC Second Celtiberian War Hispania, Roman Republic Celtiberians Rome increased its influence in Celtiberia [32]
143–133 BC Numantine War Hispania, Roman Republic Celtiberians Expansion of the Roman territory through Celtiberia. [33]
155–139 BC Lusitanian War Lusitania, Roman Republic Lusitanians, led by Viriatus. Pacification of Lusitania [34]
135–132 BC First Servile War Sicily, Roman Republic Sicilian slaves, led by Eunus After some minor battles won by the slaves, a larger Roman army arrived in Sicily and defeated the rebels. [35]
125 BC Fregellae's revolt Fregellae, Roman Republic Fregellaeans Fregellae was captured and destroyed by Lucius Opimius [36]
104–100 BC Second Servile War Sicily, Roman Republic Sicilian slaves, led by Salvius Tryphon The revolt was quelled, and 1,000 slaves who surrendered were sent to fight against beasts in the arena back at Rome for the amusement of the populace. To spite the Romans, they refused to fight and killed each other quietly with their swords, until the last flung himself on his own blade. [37]
91–88 BC Social War Italy, Roman Republic Italic peoples Eventually resulted in a Roman victory. However, Rome granted Roman citizenship to all of its Italian allies, to avoid another costly war. [38]
88 BC Sulla's first march on Rome Italy, Roman Republic Populares The Optimates were victorious and Sulla briefly took power in Rome. [39]
82–81 BC Sulla's civil war Italy, Roman Republic Populares The Optimates were once again victorious and Sulla established himself as Dictator of Rome. [40]
80–71 BC Sertorian War Hispania, Roman Republic Populares The war ended after the Populares leader Quintus Sertorius was assassinated by Marcus Perperna Vento, who was then promptly defeated by Pompey. [41]
77 BC Lepidus' rebellion Italy, Roman Republic Populares Lepidus was defeated in battle and died from illness, other Populares fled to Spain to fight in the Sertorian War. [42]
73–71 BC Third Servile War Italy, Roman Republic Gladiators, led by Spartacus The armies of Spartacus were defeated by the legions of Marcus Licinius Crassus. [43][44]
65 BC First Catilinarian conspiracy Rome, Roman Republic Catiline Lucius Aurelius Cotta and Lucius Manlius Torquatus remain in power as consuls. [45]
62 BC Second Catilinarian conspiracy Rome, Roman Republic Catiline The plot was exposed, forcing Catiline to flee from Rome. Marcus Tullius Cicero and Gaius Antonius Hybrida remain in power as consuls. [46]
52–51 BC Gallic Wars Gaul Gauls, led by Vercingetorix The Gallic revolt was crushed by Julius Caesar [47]
49–45 BC Great Roman Civil War Roman Republic Populares, led by Julius Caesar Caesar defeated the Optimates, assumed control of the Roman Republic and became Dictator in perpetuity. [48]
38 BC Aquitanian revolt Gallia Narbonensis, Roman Republic Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa Revolt suppressed by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa. [49]
29 BC Theban revolt Thebes, Egypt, Roman Republic Egyptians Revolt suppressed by Cornelius Gallus [50]

1–999 AD

Date Revolution/Rebellion Location Revolutionaries/Rebels Result Image Ref
3–6 Gaetulian War Mauretania, Roman Empire Gaetuli Revolt suppressed by Cossus Cornelius Lentulus [51]
6 Judas Uprising Judea, Roman Empire Zealots led by Judas of Galilee Riots against the Roman census erupt throughout the country, but others are convinced by the High Priest of Israel to obey the census. [52]
6–9 Bellum Batonianum Illyricum, Roman Empire Illyrian tribes Revolt eventually suppressed by the Romans. [53]
9–16 Germanic revolt Germania Alliance of Germanic tribes, led by Arminius The Roman legions led by Publius Quinctilius Varus were defeated in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, temporarily halting further Roman occupation and colonization. [54]
14 Mutiny of the legions Germania and Illyricum, Roman Empire Roman legions Revolt suppressed by Germanicus and Drusus Julius Caesar respectively [55]
15–24 Tacfarinas' revolt' Mauretania, Roman Empire Musulamii Revolt suppressed by Publius Cornelius Dolabella [56]
17–23 First Red Eyebrow Rebellion China Red Eyebrow and Lulin rebels Xin dynasty overthrown and the Gengshi Emperor is instated on the throne. [57][58]
24–27 Second Red Eyebrow Rebellion China Red Eyebrow rebels Revolt suppressed by Liu Xiu's forces and the Eastern Han dynasty is established. [59][60]
21 Gaulish debtors' revolt Gaul, Roman Empire Treveri and Aedui The Treveri revolt was put down by Julius Indus and the Aedui revolt was put down by Gaius Silius. [61]
26 Thracian revolt Odrysian kingdom Thracians Revolt suppressed by Gaius Poppaeus Sabinus. [62]
28 Revolt of the Frisii Frisia Frisii The Roman Empire is driven out of Frisia. [63]
36 Revolt of the Cietae Cappadocia, Roman Empire Cietae Rebellion put down by Archelaus of Cilicia. [64]
40–43 Trung sisters' rebellion Lĩnh Nam Vietnamese led by the Trung Sisters After brief end to the First Chinese domination of Vietnam, the Han dynasty reconquers the country and begins the Second Chinese domination of Vietnam. [65]
40–44 Mauretanian revolt Mauretania, Roman Empire Mauri led by Aedemon and Sabalus Revolt suppressed by Gaius Suetonius Paulinus and Gnaeus Hosidius Geta, Mauretania is annexed directly into the empire and split into the Roman provinces of Mauretania Tingitana and Mauretania Caesariensis. [66]
42 Camillus' revolt Dalmatia, Roman Empire Roman legions led by Lucius Arruntius Camillus Scribonianus Rebellion quickly collapses, Camillus flees to Vis where he takes his own life. [67]
46–48 Jacob and Simon uprising Galilee, Judea, Roman Empire Zealots Revolt suppressed, Jacob and Simon executed by Tiberius Julius Alexander. [68]
60–61 Boudican revolt Norfolk, Britain, Roman Empire Celtic Britons led by Boudica Revolt crushed by Gaius Suetonius Paulinus. [69]
66–73 First Jewish–Roman War Judea Jewish people Revolt crushed by the Roman Empire, Jerusalem and the Second Temple are destroyed in the process. [70]
68 Vindex's Revolt Gallia Lugdunensis, Roman Empire Gaius Julius Vindex Vindex was defeated in battle by Lucius Verginius Rufus and committed suicide. [71]
69 Colchis uprising Colchis, Roman Empire Anicetus Uprising put down by Roman forces. [72]
69–70 Revolt of the Batavi Batavia Batavi Revolt crushed by Quintus Petillius Cerialis and the Batavi again submitted to Roman rule, Batavia is incorporated into the Roman province of Germania Inferior. [73]
89 Revolt of Saturninus Germania Superior, Roman Empire Lucius Antonius Saturninus Revolt swiftly crushed by the Roman legions. [74]
115–117 Kitos War Eastern Mediterranean, Roman Empire Zealots Revolt crushed by the Roman legions and its leaders executed. [75]
117 Mauretanian revolt Mauretania, Roman Empire Mauri Revolt suppressed by Marcius Turbo
132–135 Bar Kokhba revolt Judea, Roman Empire Jewish people led by Simon bar Kokhba All-out defeat of the Jewish rebels, followed by wide-scale persecution and genocide of Jewish people and the suppression of Jewish religious and political autonomy. [76]
172 Bucolic war Egypt, Roman Empire Egyptians led by Isidorus Revolt suppressed by Avidius Cassius [77]
184–205 Yellow Turban Rebellion China Yellow Turban Army led by Zhang Jue The uprising eventually collapsed and was fully suppressed by various warlords of the Eastern Han dynasty. However, the large devolution of power to regional warlords led to the collapse of the Han dynasty not long after. [78]
185–205 Heishan secession Taihang Mountain, China Heishan bandits The autonomous confederacy eventually surrendered to the warlord Cao Cao. [79]
185 Roman mutiny Britain, Roman Empire Roman legions Mutiny suppressed by Pertinax. [80]
218 Battle of Antioch Antioch, Syria, Roman Empire Elagabalus Elagabalus overthrows Macrinus and is installed as Roman Emperor. [81]
225–248 Lady Triệu's uprising Vietnam Vietnamese led by Lady Triệu After several months of warfare Lady Triệu was defeated and committed suicide. The Second Chinese domination of Vietnam continues. [82]
227–228 Xincheng Rebellion Cao Wei, China Meng Da The revolt was suppressed by Sima Yi, Meng Da was captured and executed. [83]
251 Wang Ling's Rebellion Shouchon, Cao Wei, China Wang Ling Wang Ling surrendered to the Wei forces and later committed suicide. [84]
255 Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin's Rebellion Shouchon, Cao Wei, China Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin Cao Wei is victorious, Guanqiu Jian is slain, Wen Qin and his family fled to Eastern Wu. [84]
257–258 Zhuge Dan's Rebellion Shouchon, Cao Wei, China Zhuge Dan Cao Wei is victorious and the Sima clan cements control over the Wei government until its eventual demise. [84]
284–286 Gallic peasants' rebellion Gaul, Roman Empire Bagaudae Rebellion crushed by Caesar Maximian, though the Bagaudae movement would persist until the Fall of the Western Roman Empire. [85]
286–296 Carausian Revolt Britain and northern Gaul, Roman Empire Carausius and Allectus Revolt suppressed, Britain and Gaul retaken. [86]
291–306 War of the Eight Princes China Princes of the Sima clan Sima Yue wins the war and gains influence over the Jin emperor, but Jin authority in northern China severely weakened. [87]
304–316 Uprising of the Five Barbarians North and Southwest China Five Barbarians (Han-Zhao and Cheng-Han) Han-Zhao victory in northern China; Cheng-Han victory in southwestern China; Fall of the Western Jin dynasty in northern China; Formation of the Eastern Jin dynasty in southern China. [88]
293 Revolt of the Thebaid Thebaid, Roman Empire Busiris and Qift Revolt suppressed by Galerius. [89]
351–352 Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus Syria Palaestina, Roman Empire Jewish people The Romans crush the revolt and destroy several Jewish cities. [90]
398 Gildonic War Africa, Western Roman Empire Comes Gildo The revolt was subdued by Flavius Stilicho. [91]
484 Justa uprising Samaria,  Byzantine Empire Samaritans Uprising suppressed by Zeno, who rebuilt the church of Saint Procopius in Neapolis and banned the Samaritans from Mount Gerizim. [92]
495 Samaritan unrest Samaria,  Byzantine Empire Samaritans Uprising suppressed by the Byzantines. [92]
496 Mazdak's Revolt  Sasanian Empire Mazdakites Mazdak successfully converted Kavadh I, before the latter was overthrown by the nobility and the former was executed. [93]
529–531 Ben Sabar Revolt Samaria,  Byzantine Empire Samaritans led by Julianus ben Sabar The forces of Justinian I quelled the revolt with the help of the Ghassanids; tens of thousands of Samaritans died or were enslaved. The Christian Byzantine Empire thereafter outlawed the Samaritan faith. [92]
532 Nika revolt Constantinople,  Byzantine Empire Blue and Green demes Revolt suppressed, its participants killed and Justinian I's rule over the Byzantine empire is strengthened. [94]
541 Vietnamese uprising Vạn Xuân Vietnamese led by Lý Nam Đế The Second Chinese domination of Vietnam is brought to an end, the country declares itself independent as the Kingdom of Vạn Xuân and crowns Lý Nam Đế as the first king of the Early Lý dynasty. [95]
556 Samaritan revolt Samaria,  Byzantine Empire Samaritans and Jewish people Amantius, the governor of the East was ordered to quell the revolt. [92]
572–578 Samaritan revolt Samaria,  Byzantine Empire Samaritans and Jewish people Revolt suppressed, the Samaritan faith was outlawed and from a population of nearly a million, the Samaritan community dwindled to near extinction. [92]
608–610 Heraclian revolt Exarchate of Africa,  Byzantine Empire Heraclius the Elder Phocas executed and Heraclius the Younger is installed as Byzantine Emperor, establishing the Heraclian dynasty. [96]
611–617 Anti-Sui rebellions China Former Sui officials and peasant rebels The Sui dynasty is overthrown, followed by the rise of rebel leader Li Yuan, founder of the Tang dynasty. [97]
614–625 Jewish revolt against Heraclius Palaestina Prima,  Byzantine Empire Jewish people After Palestine was retaken by the Byzantines, Jewish people were massacred and expelled from the region. [98]
623–626 Slavic revolt Avar Khaganate Slavs led by Samo Avar rule overthrown, Slavic tribes in the area unify to form Samo's Empire. [99]
632–633 Ridda wars Arabia, Rashidun Caliphate Arab tribes Rebels forced to submit to the caliphate of Abu Bakr. [100]
656–661 First Fitna Rashidun Caliphate Umayyads Hasan ibn Ali negotiates a treaty acknowledging Mu'awiya I as caliph, establishing the Umayyad Caliphate. [101]
680–692 Second Fitna Umayyad Caliphate Zubayrids, Alids and Kharijites The Umayyad Caliphate increases its own power, restructuring the army and Arabizing and Islamizing the state bureaucracy. [102]
696–698 Sufri revolt Central Iraq, Umayyad Caliphate Sufri led by Shabib ibn Yazid al-Shaybani Defeated by the caliphate, although Sufrism continued to be practiced in Mosul. [103]
700–703 Ibn al-Ash'ath's rebellion Iraq, Umayyad Caliphate Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath Revolt suppressed by the caliphate, signalling the end of the power of the tribal nobility of Iraq, which henceforth came under the direct control of the Umayyad regime's staunchly loyal Syrian troops. [104]
720–729 Yazid's mutiny Basra, Umayyad Caliphate Yazid ibn al-Muhallab Revolt suppressed by the caliphate. [105]
713–722 Annam uprising Vietnam Vietnamese led by Mai Thúc Loan The independent kingdom was put down by a military campaign at the order of the Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, continuing the Third Chinese domination of Vietnam [106]
734–746 Harith's rebellion Khurasan, Umayyad Caliphate Al-Harith ibn Surayj Harith is killed and the rebellion crushed, although the revolt weakened Arab power in Central Asia and facilitated the beginning of the Abbasid Revolution. [107]
740 Zaidi Revolt Kufa, Umayyad Caliphate Zayd ibn Ali The Umayyad governor of Iraq managed to bribe the inhabitants of Kufa which allowed him to break the insurgence, killing Zayd in the process [108]
740–743 Berber Revolt Maghreb, Umayyad Caliphate Berbers led by Maysara al-Matghari Umayyads expelled from the Maghreb and several independent Berber states are established in the area. [109]
744–747 Third Fitna Umayyad Caliphate Pro-Yaman Umayyads, Alids led by Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya, Kharijites led by Al-Dahhak ibn Qays al-Shaybani Victory of Marwan II and the pro-Qays faction in the inter-Umayyad civil war and anti-Umayyad revolts crushed, although Umayyad authority was now permanently weakened. [110]
747–748 Ibadi revolt South Arabia, Umayyad Caliphate Ibadis Umayyad victory in the Hijaz and the Yemen; though Ibadi autonomy is secured in Hadramawt. [111]
747–750 Abbasid Revolution Umayyad Caliphate Abbasids Abbasid Caliphate established, bringing an end to the privileged status for Arabs and discrimination against non-Arabs. [107]
752–760 Mardaite revolts Mount Lebanon and Abbasid Caliphate Lebanese Christians and Byzantine Empire Christian inhabitants of parts of interior and coastal Lebanon expelled and replaced with Arab tribes. [112]
754 Abdallah's rebellion Syria, Abbasid Caliphate Abdallah ibn Ali Abdallah's army is defeated by Abu Muslim. [113]
755 Córdoban revolution Almuñécar, al-Andalus, Abbasid Caliphate Umayyads led by Abd al-Rahman I Umayyads take control of al-Andalus, establishing the Emirate of Córdoba. [114]
755–763 An Lushan Rebellion Yan, China An Lushan Yan defeated by the Tang imperial forces, although the Tang dynasty was weakened. [115]
762–763 Alid Revolt Hejaz and Southern Iraq, Abbasid Caliphate Alids led by Muhammad ibn Abdallah Revolt suppressed by the caliphate, followed by a large-scaled reprisal campaign against the Alids. [116]
772–804 Saxon Wars Saxony Saxons Saxony is annexed into the Frankish empire and the Saxons are forcibly converted from Germanic paganism to Catholicism. [117]
786 Alid revolt Mecca, Hejaz, Abbasid Caliphate Alids Revolt crushed by the Abbasid army and members of the Alid house are executed. One of the Alids, Idris ibn Abdallah, fled the battlefield to the Maghreb, where he established the Idrisid dynasty. [118]
791–802 Phùng rebellion Vietnam Vietnamese led by Phùng Hưng Briefly ruled the country before the Third Chinese domination of Vietnam is reestablished. [119]
793–796 Qays–Yaman war Syria, Abbasid Caliphate Qays Revolt crushed by the Abbasids and their Yamani allies. [120]
794–795 Al-Walid's rebellion Jazira, Abbasid Caliphate Kharijites led by Al-Walid ibn Tarif al-Shaybani Yazid ibn Mazyad al-Shaybani met the rebels in battle in late 795, at al-Haditha above Hit, and defeated al-Walid in single combat, killing him and cutting off his head. Yazid also killed a large number of the Kharijites and forced the remainder to disperse, and the revolt ended in defeat. [121]
811–838 Fourth Fitna Abbasid Caliphate Alids led by Muhammad ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq, Qays led by Nasr ibn Shabath al-Uqayli and Khurramites led by Babak Khorramdin Al-Ma'mun takes power as Caliph, al-Sadiq is forced into exile, Qays territory is lost and Nasr surrenders to the caliphate, Babak is executed and the Tahirids begin their reign over Khorasan [122]
814 al-Ribad rebellion Guadalquivir, Emirate of Córdoba Clerics in al-Ribad Rebellion crushed at Al-Hakam I [123]
821–823 Thomas the Slav's rebellion Anatolia,  Byzantine Empire Thomas the Slav Thomas is surrendered and executed by the Byzantines [124]
824–836 Tunisian mutiny Tunisia, Ifriqiya, Abbasid Caliphate Arabs Aghlabids put down the revolt with the help of the Berbers [125]
822 Aristocratic rebellion Silla Aristocrats led by Kim Hŏn-ch'ang The royal faction was able to regain much of the territory that Kim Hŏn-ch'ang's forces had taken. After the fall of Gongju, Kim Hŏn-ch'ang took his own life.
841–842 Umayyad rebellion Palestine, Abbasid Caliphate Umayyads led by Al-Mubarqa Al-Hidari defeated al-Mubarqa's forces in a battle near Ramlah, al-Mubarqa taken prisoner and brought to the caliphal capital, Samarra, where he was thrown into prison and never heard of again. [126]
841–845 Stellinga Saxony, Carolingian Empire Saxon freemen and freedmen Revolt crushed by the Carolingians and their allies in the Saxon nobility. [127]
845–846 Jang Bogo's mutiny Silla Jang Bogo Jang Bogo assassinated by an emissary from the Silla court. [128]
859–860 Qiu's rebellion Zhejiang, China Peasants led by Qiu Fu Rebellion was suppressed by the imperial general Wang Shi. [129]
861–876 Saffarid revolution Sistan, Khorasan, Abbasid Caliphate Saffarids led by Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar al-Saffar overthrows Abbasid rule over Iran and establishes the Saffarid dynasty. [130]
864 Alid uprising Iraq, Abbasid Caliphate Alids led by Yahya ibn Umar The Alids attacked Al-Musta'in's forces, but were defeated and fled, Umar was subsequently executed. [131]
865–866 Fifth Fitna Iraq, Abbasid Caliphate Al-Mu'tazz Al-Musta'in deposed as Caliph and succeeded by Al-Mu'tazz. [132]
866–896 Kharijite Rebellion Jazira, Abbasid Caliphate Kharijites It was finally defeated after the caliph al-Mu'tadid undertook several campaigns to restore caliphal authority in the region. [133]
869–883 Zanj Rebellion Sawad, Abbasid Caliphate Zanj Revolt eventually suppressed by the Abbasids. [134]
874–884 Qi rebellion China Wang Xianzhi and Huang Chao Rebellions suppressed by the Tang dynasty, which later collapsed due to the destabilization caused by the rebellion. [135]
880–928 Bobastro rebellion Emirate of Córdoba Muwallads and Mozarabs led by Umar ibn Hafsun Ibn Hafsun died in 917, his coalition then crumbled, and while his sons tried to continue the resistance, they eventually fell to Abd-ar-Rahman III, who proclaimed the Caliphate of Córdoba. [136]
899–906 The Qarmatian Revolution Eastern Arabia, Abbasid Caliphate Qarmatians Qarmatians successfully establish a republic in Eastern Arabia, becoming the most powerful force in the Persian Gulf. The Qarmatians were eventually reduced to a local power by the Abbasids in 976 and annihilated by the Seljuq-backed Uyunid Emirate in 1076. [137]
917–924 Bulgarian–Serbian war Balkans Serbians led by Zaharija Serbia is annexed into the First Bulgarian Empire. [138]
928–932 Bithynian rebellion Bithynia,  Byzantine Empire Basil the Copper Hand The revolt was finally subdued by the imperial army and Basil was executed. [139]
943–947 Ibadi Berber revolt Ifriqiya, Fatimid Caliphate Ibadi Berbers led by Abu Yazid Revolt suppressed by the Fatimids, Abu Yazid captured and killed. [140]
969–970 First rebellion of Bardas Phokas the Younger Caesarea,  Byzantine Empire Phokas family Rebellion extinguished by Bardas Skleros, Phokas was captured and exiled to Chios, where he stayed for 7 years. [141]
976–979 Rebellion of Bardas Skleros Anatolia,  Byzantine Empire Bardas Skleros Bardas Phokas the Younger recalled from exile to put down Skleros' rebellion at the Battle of Pankaleia, Skleros seeks refuge in Baghdad. [142]
983 Great Slav rising Elbe, Germany,  Holy Roman Empire Polabian Slavs Halt to Ostsiedlung. [143]
987–989 Second Rebellion of Bardas Phokas the Younger Anatolia,  Byzantine Empire Bardas Phokas the Younger and Bardas Skleros Rebel armies surrendered after the death of Phokas. [144]
993–995 Da Shu rebellion Sichuan, China Da Shu Kingdom The Song dynasty was able to suppress the rebellion and restore their rule over the Shu region. [145]
996 Peasants' revolt in Normandy Normandy Norman peasants Suppression of the rebellion [146]
996-998 Revolt of Tyre (996–998) Tyre, Lebanon, Fatimid Caliphate Tyrians and Byzantine Empire Revolt suppressed and rebels killed or enslaved [147]

1000–1499

See also: Popular revolts in late-medieval Europe
Date Revolution/Rebellion Location Revolutionaries/Rebels Result Image Ref
1034–1038 Serb revolt against the Byzantine Empire Duklja,  Byzantine Empire Serbs led by Vojislav of Duklja Revolt suppressed and Vojislav imprisoned, before starting another rebellion which eventually succeeded
1040–1041 Uprising of Peter Delyan Balkan peninsula,  Byzantine Empire Bulgarians led by Peter Delyan Rebellion suppressed by Emperor Michael IV [148]
1072 Uprising of Georgi Voyteh Balkan peninsula,  Byzantine Empire Bulgarians led by Georgi Voyteh Revolt suppressed by Damianos Dalassenos [149]
1090 Takeover of Alamut Alamut, Seljuk Empire Hashshashin led by Hassan-i Sabbah Nizari Ismaili state founded, creating the Order of Assassins
1095 Rebellion of northern nobles against William Rufus England Northern nobles led by Robert de Mowbray Suppression of the rebellion
1125 Almohads against the Almoravids Atlas Mountains Masmuda tribes led by Ibn Tumart Establishment of the Almohad Caliphate
1143-1145 Commune of Rome Uprising Rome Commune of Rome Establishment of the Commune of Rome
1156 Hōgen Rebellion Japan Forces loyal to retired Emperor Sutoku Rebellion suppressed by forces loyal to Emperor Go-Shirakawa. Established the dominance of samurai clans and eventually the first samurai-led government in the history of Japan
1185 Rebellion of Asen and Peter against Byzantine Empire Balkan Mountains Bulgarians and Vlachs Creation of the Second Bulgarian Empire
1209–1211 Quách Bốc Rebellion Lý dynasty Army led by General Quách Bốc Defeat of Emperor Lý Cao Tông and further weakening of the declining Lý dynasty
1233–1234 Stedinger revolt Frisia Stedingers Revolt suppressed by a crusade called by Pope Gregory IX
1237–1239 Babai Revolt Sultanate of Rum Rebels Revolt suppressed
1242–1249 The First Prussian Uprising Pomerania Teutonic Knights Swantopolk II returned seized lands. Knights allowed safe passage in Pomerania. Treaty of Christburg (secured rights for Christians)
1250 Bahri revolt Egypt Bahri Mamluks Mamluks consolidated power and established the Bahri dynasty
1282 Sicilian Vespers Sicily Sicilian rebels Angevin regime overthrown
1296–1328 First Scottish War of Independence Scotland Kingdom of Scotland Renewed Scottish independence
1302 Battle of the Golden Spurs Flanders County of Flanders Flemish victory. French ousted
1323–1328 Peasant revolt in Flanders Flanders County of Flanders Restoration of pro-French court. Repression of rebels
1332–1357 Second Scottish War of Independence Scotland Kingdom of Scotland Treaty of Berwick. Renewed Scottish independence
1342 Zealots of Thessalonica Byzantine Empire Zealots of Thessalonica Zealots ruled Thessalonica for 8 years
1343–1345 St. George's Night Uprising Estonia Local Estonians from the Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek Uprising suppressed
1346-1347 Rebellion of Ismail Mukh Deccan, Delhi Sultanate Ismail Mukh's forces Rebellion victory, later establishment of the Bahmani Sultanate.
1354 Revolt of Cola di Rienzi Rome Cola di Rienzi and loyal forces (with help from Louis I)[150] Successfully revolted. However, Cola eventually abdicated and left Rome
1356–1358 Jacquerie uprising Northern France Peasants Revolt successfully repressed
1368 Red Turban Rebellions China Peasant Han Chinese led by Zhu Yuanzhang Establishment of the Ming dynasty
1378 Revolt of the Ciompi Florence Laborers from Florence City government seized. Demands of the laborers initially met. Though this would prove to be temporary.
1378–1384 Tuchin Revolt Béziers Locals from Béziers Duc de Berry suppressed the revolt
1381 Peasants' Revolt. This was a rebellion in England led by Wat Tyler and John Ball, in which peasants demanded an end to serfdom. England Rebels led by Wat Tyler Wat Tyler killed, revolt suppressed
1382 Harelle Rouen, Paris Guild members of Rouen Revolt leaders killed. City rights revoked
c. 1387 Isfahan revolt Isfahan Local rebels Revolt violently repressed[151]
1400–1415 Welsh revolt Wales Rebels headed by Owain Glyndŵr England conquered Wales
1404/1408/1413^ Uprising of Konstantin and Fruzhin Historical region of Bulgaria Bulgarian nobles Failure to liberate Bulgaria
1418–1427 Lam Sơn uprising Northern Vietnam Rebels led by Lê Lợi Independence of Đại Việt
1431–1435 First Irmandiño revolt Galicia Peasantry and bourgeoisie Revolt suppressed
1434–1436 Engelbrekt rebellion Dalarna Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson Engelbrekt assassinated. Kalmar Union eroded
1437 Transylvanian peasants revolt Kingdom of Hungary Transylvanian peasants and petty nobles Patrician victory
1444–1468 Skanderbeg's rebellion Ottoman-ruled Albania Skanderbeg and his forces Skanderbeg agreed to peace and paid tribute to the Ottomans.
1450 Jack Cade's Rebellion Kent, England Rebels led by Jack Cade Royal victory
1462–1485 Rebellion of the Remences Catalonia Peasants Indecisive
1467–1470 Second Irmandiño revolt Galicia Peasantry and bourgeoisie Irmandiño movement defeated
1497 Cornish rebellion of 1497 England Rebels mainly from Cornwall Royal victory

1500–1699

Date Revolution/Rebellion Location Revolutionaries/Rebels Result Image Ref
1499–1501 Rebellion of the Alpujarras Kingdom of Granada Muslims of Granada Rebellion suppressed and mass forced conversions of all Muslims in Granada
1501–1503 War of Deposition against King Hans Kalmar Union Swedish separatists Separatist victory, Kalmar Union de facto dissolved
1501–1504 Alvsson's rebellion against King Hans of Norway Denmark and Norway Norwegian separatists Rebellion suppressed
1514 Peasants' war led by György Dózsa Kingdom of Hungary Peasants led by György Dózsa Rebellion suppressed and György Dózsa was executed
1515 Slovene peasant revolt Holy Roman Empire Peasants Revolt put down by Holy Roman Empire mercenaries
1515–1523 Arumer Zwarte Hoop Habsburg Netherlands Frisian rebels led by Pier Gerlofs Donia and Wijerd Jelckama. Rebellion suppressed
1516 Trần Cảo Rebellion Lê dynasty Trần Cao rebels Rebellion suppressed. Lê dynasty weakened by ensuing civil war
1519–1523 Revolt of the Brotherhoods Valencia Germanies autonomist rebels Rebel leader L'Encobert killed and strongholds of the Germanies captured
1520–1522 Revolt of the Comuneros Royalist Castilians Comuneros rebels Royalist victory
1521–1522 Santo Domingo Revolt Colony of Santo Domingo Enslaved Africans Suppression of the revolt
1521–1523 Gustav Vasa's Rebellion  Kalmar Union Rebels led by nobleman Gustav Vasa Rebels successfully deposed King Christian II from the throne of Sweden
1524–1525 German Peasants' War Swabian League Peasants' army Suppression of revolt and execution of its participants
1526 Slave revolt in San Miguel de Gualdape San Miguel de Gualdape Rebels Inconclusive
1531 The Straccioni Rebellion, uprising in Lucca Lucca Rebels
1532–1547 Sebastián Lemba's rebellion Captaincy General of Santo Domingo Rebels led by maroon Sebastián Lemba Suppression of the revolt
1536 Pilgrimage of Grace Establishment reformers Traditionalists Suppression of the uprisings, execution of the leading figures
1540–1542 Mixtón War New Spain Caxcanes Spaniard and indigenous allied victory
1542 Dacke War  Sweden Rebels Rebellion suppressed
1548 Revolt of the Pitauds Kingdom of France French peasants against the salt tax Rebellion suppressed
1548–1582 Bayano Wars Colonial Panama Enslaved Bayano rebels Rebellion suppressed
1549 Prayer Book Rebellion Kingdom of England Catholic rebels in Cornwall and Devon Rebellion suppressed
1549 Kett's Rebellion Kingdom of England East Anglian rebels Rebellion suppressed
1550–1590 Chichimeca War New Spain Chichimeca Confederation Chichimeca military victory
1567–1872 Philippine revolts against Spain Spanish East Indies Rebels
1568–1571 Morisco rebellions in Granada Habsburg Spain Morisco rebels Rebellion suppressed
1568–1648 Eighty Years' War Spanish Netherlands Dutch Republic Peace of Münster
1569–1570 Rising of the North Elizabeth I of England Partisans of Mary, Queen of Scots and Northern English Catholics Elizabethan victory
1570–1618 Gaspar Yanga's revolt against Spanish colonial rule in Mexico New Spain Rebels led by Gaspar Yanga Ended with the signing of a treaty with Spain
1573 Croatian–Slovene peasant revolt Croatian, Styrian and Carniolan nobility and Uskoks Croatian and Slovene peasants Rebellion suppressed
1590–1610 Celali rebellions Ottoman Empire Celali rebels Suppressed by Kuyucu Murad Pasha
1591–1594 Rappenkrieg Basel Peasants Negotiations led to a restriction to tax increases. Insurgents were spared punishment
1594–1595 Croquant rebellion Limousin Rebels Croquants disarmed
1594–1603 Nine Years' War Kingdom of England Irish alliance English victory
1594 Banat Uprising Ottoman Empire Serb rebels Rebellion suppressed
1596 Club War Nobility and army Peasants and army Nobility victory
1596–1597 Serb Uprising against the Ottomans Ottoman Empire Serb rebels Rebellion suppressed
1597 First Guale revolt developed in Florida against the Spanish missions and led by Juanillo New Spain Rebels led by Juanillo Rebellion suppressed [152][153]
1598 First Tarnovo uprising Ottoman Empire Bulgarian rebels Rebellion suppressed
1600–1601 Thessaly rebellion Ottoman Empire Greek rebels Rebellion suppressed
1600–1607 Acaxee Rebellion New Spain Acaxee Rebellion suppressed
1606–1607 Bolotnikov rebellion Tsardom of Russia Rebels led by Bolotnikov Rebellion suppressed
1616–1620 Tepehuán Revolt New Spain Tepehuánes Rebellion suppressed
1618–1625 Bohemian Revolt Holy Roman Empire Habsburg monarchy

Spain Spanish Empire

Catholic League

Electorate of Saxony Saxony

Bohemia Crown of Bohemia

Palatinate

Austria Upper-Lower Austrian rebels

Transylvania Transylvania

Imperial victory
1631–1634 Salt Tax Revolt Spain Spanish Empire Rebels in Biscay Ringleaders arrested and executed
1637–1638 Shimabara Rebellion Tokugawa shogunate Japanese Catholics Tokugawa victory [154]
1639 Revolt of the va-nu-pieds Kingdom of France Rebels in Normandy Rebellion suppressed
1640–1668 Portuguese Revolt Spain Spanish Empire  Kingdom of Portugal Portuguese victory
1640–1652 Catalan Revolt Spain Spanish Empire Catalonia Principality of Catalonia

Kingdom of France

Catalan defeat
1641–1642 Irish Rebellion of 1641 Kingdom of England

Kingdom of Scotland

Irish Catholic Nobility Irish victory and the Founding of the Irish Catholic Confederation
1641 Acclamation of Amador Bueno in the Captaincy of São Vicente, Brazil Captaincy of São Vicente [155][156][157]
1642–1652 English Civil War English and Welsh Royalists English and Welsh Parliamentarians Parliamentarian victory, Execution of Charles I, establishment of the Commonwealth of England
1644 Li Zicheng's Uprising Ming dynasty Rebels led by Li Zicheng Overthrow of the Ming dynasty and the establishment of the Shun dynasty
1647 Naples Revolt Kingdom of Naples Neapolitan Republic Rebellion suppressed
1648 Khmelnytsky uprising  Poland–Lithuania Zaporozhian Host Emergence of Cossack Hetmanate under Russian protection
1648 Moscow salt riot Tsardom of Russia Rebels Arrest and execution of many of the leaders of the uprising
1648–1653 Fronde Kingdom of France Parlements Rebellion suppressed
1658 Revolt of Abaza Hasan Pasha Ottoman Empire Rebels led by Abaza Hasan Pasha Rebellion suppressed
1659 Bakhtrioni uprising Safavid Persia Kingdom of Kakheti Strategically inconclusive
1662–1664 Bashkir rebellion Tsardom of Russia Bashkir rebels Demands of the rebels met
1664–1670 Magnate conspiracy Holy Roman Empire Habsburg monarchy Rebels Rebellion suppressed
1667–1668 First Revolt of the Angelets Vallespir Anti-salt tax rebels Compromise of Céret. Tax inspectors ended controls
1668–1676 Solovetsky Monastery uprising Tsardom of Russia Old Believer monks Rebellion suppressed
1670–1674 Second Revolt of the Angelets Conflent Rebels against the salt tax Rebellion suppressed
1672 Pashtun rebellion Mughal Empire Pashtun rebels Rebellion suppressed
1672–1674 Lipka rebellion  Poland–Lithuania Lipka Tatars

Ottoman Empire

Tatars' privileges, payments and religious freedoms guaranteed [158]
1672–1678 Messina Revolt Spain Spanish Empire Sicilian rebels
1674–1680 Trunajaya rebellion Mataram Sultanate

Dutch East India Company

Rebel forces Rebellion suppressed
1675 Revolt of the papier timbré, an anti-tax revolt in Brittany Kingdom of France Rebels in Brittany
1675–1676 King Philip's War New England Confederation Native Americans Confederation victory
1676 Bacon's Rebellion Colony of Virginia Virginia colonists, indentured servants and slaves Change in Virginia's Native American-Frontier policy
1680–1692 Pueblo Revolt Spain Spanish Empire Puebloans Pueblo victory, expulsion of Spanish settlers
1681–1684 Bashkir rebellion Tsardom of Russia Bashkir rebels Demands of the rebels met [159]
1682 Moscow Uprising Tsardom of Russia Streltsy regiments Sophia suppressed the Streltsy and Tararui in their attempts to remove her from power
1684 Beckman's Revolt Maranhão e Grão-Pará Manoel Beckman and rebels Rebellion suppressed [160][161]
1685 Monmouth Rebellion Kingdom of England Monmouth rebels Rebellion suppressed
1685 Argyll Rebellion Kingdom of Scotland Covenanter rebels Rebellion suppressed
1686 Second Tarnovo uprising Ottoman Empire Bulgarian rebels Rebellion suppressed
1687–1689 Revolt of the Barretinas Spain Spanish Empire Catalan rebels Rebellion suppressed
1688 Chiprovtsi uprising Ottoman Empire Catholic Bulgarian rebels Rebellion suppressed
1688 Siamese revolution of 1688 Prasat Thong dynasty

 Kingdom of France

Phetracha and various Siamese lords

 Dutch Republic

Victory for Phetracha's forces and his Dutch allies
1688 Glorious Revolution Kingdom of England Rebels James II replaced as king by his daughter Mary II and her husband William III
1688–1746 Jacobite risings Kingdom of England Jacobites Rebellion suppressed
1689 Karposh’s Rebellion Ottoman Empire Bulgarian rebels Rebellion suppressed [162]
1689 Boston revolt Dominion of New England Boston colonists Dissolution of the Dominion of New England; ouster of officials loyal to James II
1693 Second Brotherhood Valencia Rebels Rebellion suppressed
1698 Streltsy uprising Tsardom of Russia Rebels Rebellion suppressed

1700–1799

Main article: Atlantic Revolutions
Date Revolution/Rebellion Location Revolutionaries/Rebels Result Image Ref
1702–1715 War of the Camisards  Kingdom of France Camisards Rebellion suppressed
1703–1711 Rákóczi Uprising  Holy Roman Empire Kuruc (Kingdom of Hungary) Rebellion suppressed
1707–1709 Bulavin Rebellion Tsardom of Russia Don Cossack rebels Rebellion suppressed
1707–1709 Newcomers' War Captaincy of São Vicente, Brazil Paulistas Rebellion suppressed [163][164]
1709 Mirwais Hotak's rebellion against Gurgin Khan, the Persian governor of Kandahar Safavid Persia Rebels led by Mirwais Hotak rebellion successful
1709–1710 Pablo Presbere's insurrection against Spanish colonial power Spain Spanish Empire Rebels led by Pablo Presbere
1710–1711 Peddlers' War Pernambuco, Brazil Rebels [165][166]
1711 Cary's Rebellion Province of Carolina Rebels
1712 Tzeltal Rebellion New Spain indigenous rebels
1712 New York Slave Revolt of 1712 Colony of New York Rebel slaves Rebellion suppressed
1715 First Jacobite rising Kingdom of Great Britain Kingdom of Great Britain

 Dutch Republic

Rebels led by James Francis Edward Stuart Rebellion suppressed
1720 Vila Rica Revolt Minas Gerais, Brazil Rebels [167][168]
1722 Afghan rebels defeated Shah Sultan Husayn and ended the Safavid dynasty. Safavid Persia under Shah Sultan Husayn Afghan rebels rebellion successful
1728–1740 First Maroon War Kingdom of Great Britain British Empire Jamaican Maroons Maroon victory, the British government offered peace treaties
1729 Natchez revolt French colonists the Natchez
1731 Samba rebellion French Louisiana Rebel slaves
1733–1734 slave insurrection on St. John Denmark Denmark–Norway

Kingdom of France

Rebel slaves Rebellion suppressed
1739 Stono Rebellion Colony of South Carolina Escaped slaves Rebellion suppressed
1741 New York Conspiracy of 1741 Province of New York slaves and poor whites
1743 Fourth Dalecarlian rebellion  Sweden peasants' Rebellion suppressed
1744–1829 Dagohoy rebellion Spain Spanish Empire Boholano people Rebellion suppressed
1745–1746 Jacobite rising  Great Britain

 Dutch Republic

Jacobites Rebellion suppressed
1747 Orangist revolution
1748 Uprising led by Juan Francisco de León in Panaquire, Venezuela, against monopoly interests and the dominance of the Royal Company Guipuzcoana in terms of trade cocoa Rebels led by Juan Francisco de León
1749 Conspiracy of the Slaves Malta Rebel slaves
1751–1752 Pima Revolt
1753 The Lunenburg Rebellion  Great Britain immigrant rebels Rebellion suppressed
1755–1769 The revolution that ended Genoese rule and established a Corsican Republic Republic of Genoa Corsican Republic Revolution was brought to an end by the French conquest of Corsica
1760 Tacky's War Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain

Colony of JamaicaMaroon allies

Enslaved "Coromantee" people Rebellion suppressed
1763 Berbice slave uprising Society of Berbice Society of Suriname Barbados Navy Dutch Navy Arawak and Carib allies Rebellion suppressed
1763–1766 Pontiac's War Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain numerous North American Indian tribes Military stalemate
1765–1783 American Revolution Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain Colonists in British America Independence of the United States of America from the British Empire
1765 Quito Revolt of 1765 Spain Viceroyalty of New Granada Rebels
1765 Strilekrigen Denmark Denmark–Norway Norwegian farmers Rebellion suppressed
1768 Louisiana Rebellion of 1768 New Spain Creole and German settlers Rebellion suppressed
1769–1773 First Carib War Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain Carib inhabitants of Saint Vincent
1770 Orlov revolt Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire

Pashalik of Scutari

Greeks

Supported by:
Russian Empire Russia

Rebellion suppressed
1770 Abdzakh revolution. The Circassians of the Abdzakh region started a great revolution in Circassian territory in 1770. Classes such as slaves, nobles and princes were completely abolished. The Abdzakh Revolution coincides with the French Revolution. While many French nobles took refuge in Russia, some of the Circassian nobles took the same path and took refuge in Russia Russian Empire Russia Circassians of the Abdzakh region [169]
1771–1785 Tây Sơn wars Tây Sơn
Cham people
Chinese Vietnamese (1771–1777)
Pirates of the South China Coast 		Nguyễn lord
Kingdom of Cambodia
Siam
 France (1778–1802, limited)
Kingdom of Vientiane
Chinese Vietnamese (Hoà Nghĩa army) 		Nguyễn lord victory
1773–1775 Pugachev's Rebellion Russian Empire Russia Coalition of Cossacks, Russian Serfs, Old Believers, and non-Russian peoples Rebellion suppressed [170]
1775 Rising of the Priests Sovereign Military Order of Malta Order of Saint John Rebels Rebellion suppressed
1775–1783 American Revolutionary War Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain
 Loyalists 		United States Revolutionary victory
1780–1782 José Gabriel Condorcanqui, known as Túpac Amaru II, raises an indigenous peasant army in revolt against Spanish control of Peru. Julián Apasa, known as Túpac Katari allied with Túpac Amaru and lead an indigenous revolt in Upper Peru (present-day Bolivia) nearly destroying the city of La Paz in a siege. Spain Spanish Empire Túpac Amaru II
1780–1787 The Patriot Revolt  Dutch Republic Rebels
1781 Revolt in Bihar British East India Company Rebels in Bihar
1781 Revolt of the Comuneros Spain Viceroyalty of New Granada Rebels
1782 Sylhet uprising British East India Company Bengali Muslim Rebels Rebellion suppressed
1782 Geneva Revolution Republic of Geneva the third estate
1786–1787 Shays' Rebellion United States United States Shaysites Rebellion suppressed
1786–1787 Lofthusreisingen Norway Rebels
1787 Abaco Slave Revolt Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain Rebels Rebellion suppressed
1788 Kočina Krajina Serb rebellion Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire Serb rebels Rebellion suppressed
1789–1799 French Revolution  Kingdom of France Revisionaries Revolutionary victory
1789–1790 Brabant Revolution Austrian Netherlands Rebels Rebellion suppressed
1789–1791 Liège Revolution Prince-Bishops of Liège Republic of Liège (1789–1791)

France France (from 1792)

Revolutionary victory
  • The price-bishops of Liège were overthrown by a popular uprising
1790 Saxon Peasants' Revolt Rebels Rebellion suppressed
1790 The first slave revolt British Virgin Islands Rebels
1791 Whiskey Rebellion  United States Frontier tax protesters Rebellion suppressed
1791 Mina conspiracy  United States Rebels
1791–1804 Haitian Revolution 1791–1793
1793–1798
1798–1801
1802–1804
 1791–1793
1793–1798
1798–1801
1802–1804
 Haitian victory
1792 War in Defence of the Constitution  Poland–Lithuania Russian Empire Russia Polish defeat
1793 Slave rebellion produced in the Guadeloupe island following the outbreak of the French Revolution. France Rebels
1793 Jumla rebellion Kingdom of Nepal

Ranajit Kunwar

Sobhan Shahi

People of Jumla

1793–1796 War in the Vendée France Vendeans

Supported by:
 Great Britain

Rebellion suppressed
1794 Kościuszko Uprising  Poland–Lithuania Russian Empire Russia

Kingdom of Prussia Kingdom of Prussia Holy Roman Empire

Rebellion suppressed
1794 Whiskey Rebellion  United States Frontier tax protesters Rebellion suppressed
1794 Stäfner Handel uprising Republic of Zürich Rebels
1795 Batavian Revolution Orangists

Supported by:
 Prussia
 Great Britain

Patriots

Supported by:
 France

Revolutionary victory
1795 Curaçao Slave Revolt  Dutch Republic Slave rebels Rebellion suppressed
1795–1796 1795–1796: In those years broke out several slave rebellions in the entire Caribbean, influenced by the Haitian Revolution: in Cuba, Jamaica (Second Maroon War), Dominica (Colihault Uprising), Louisiana (Pointe Coupée conspiracy), Saint Lucia (Bush War, so-called "Guerre des Bois"), Saint Vincent (Second Carib War), Grenada (Fédon's rebellion), Curaçao (led by Tula), Guyana (Demerara Rebellion) and in Coro, Venezuela (led by José Leonardo Chirino) [171]
1796 Conspiracy of Equals  France Rebels Conspiracy discovered and repressed
1796 Boca de Nigua Revolt Dominica Slave rebels led by Francisco Sopo
1796–1804 White Lotus Rebellion Qing dynasty Rebels Rebellion suppressed
1797 Spithead and Nore mutinies  Great Britain Mutineers
1797 1797 Rugby School Rebellion  Great Britain Mutineers
1797 Scottish Rebellion  Great Britain Rebels Rebellion suppressed
1798 Irish Rebellion of 1798  Great Britain United Irishmen
Defenders
 France 		Rebellion suppressed
1798 The Maltese Revolt in September 1798 against French administration in Malta. The French capitulated in September 1800 after they were blockaded inside the islands' harbour fortifications for two years  France Rebels
1799–1800 Fries's Rebellion  United States Rebels led by John Fries
The so-called kuruc were armed anti-Habsburg rebels in Royal Hungary between 1671 and 1711.
Depiction of the Battle of Vinegar Hill during the Irish Rebellion of 1798.

1800–1849

Main article: Decolonization of the Americas
Date Revolution/Rebellion Location Revolutionaries/Rebels Result Image Ref
1800 Gabriel's Rebellion, suppressed slave rebellion in Virginia  United States Slave Rebels Rebellion suppressed
1800–1802 A farmer rebellion in Lærdal, Norway against military conscription Norway Rebels
1803 The rebellion of Robert Emmet in Dublin, Ireland against British rule  Great Britain Rebels
1803 The Igbo Landing, a slave ship revolt off the coast of St. Simons, Georgia, in which the enslaved Igbo people committed mass suicide rather than submit to slavery in the United States  United States Slave Rebels
1804 Castle Hill convict rebellion  Great Britain Convict rebels Rebellion suppressed
1804–1817 Serbian Revolution Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire Serb rebels Rebellion suppressed
1804–1813 First Serbian uprising Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire  Revolutionary Serbia
Supported by:
 Russian Empire (1807–12)

 Wallachia (1807–12) 		Rebellion suppressed
1805 An unsuccessful slave rebellion at Chatham Manor  United States Slave Rebels Rebellion suppressed
1809 Jørgen Jørgensen's Revolution  Great Britain
 Denmark–Norway 		Revolutionaries
1817 Tican's Rebellion  Austrian Empire Serb rebels
1808 Rum Rebellion Colony of New South Wales New South Wales Corps
1808 Kruščica Rebellion  Austrian Empire Serb rebels
1808 Dos de Mayo Uprising  France Spain
1807–1814 Peninsular War
First French Empire France
 Denmark-Norway (Evacuation of La Romana's division)
Spanish and allied victory
1808–1809 Spanish reconquest of Santo Domingo Spain Colony of Santo Domingo
 Great Britain
Spain 		France France Dominican-Ango-Spanish victory
1808–1833 Spanish American Wars of independence Royalists BoliviaChileGran ColombiaFederal Republic of Central AmericaPeruUnited Provinces of the Río de la PlataIndependence of Paraguay Patriots Revolutionary victory
1809–1810 The rebellion of Velu Thampi Dalawa of Travancore Travancore Rebels
1809 Chuquisaca Revolution Spain Rebels
1819 La Paz revolution, headed by Pedro Murillo Spain Rebels
1819 Tyrolean Rebellion
Tyrolean civilian militia (Schützen)

Supported by:
Austrian Empire Austrian Empire

French Victory
1809–1825 Bolivian War of Independence Royalists: Patriots: Patriot Victory
1809–1826 Peruvian War of Independence Royalists:

 Spanish Monarchy

Patriots:

Rebels or Juntas

 Peru

Co-belligerents

 United Provinces

 Chile

 Gran Colombia

Patriot Victory
1810 The House Tax Hartal was an occasion of nonviolent resistance to protest a tax in parts of British India, with a particularly noteworthy example of hartal (a form of general strike) in the vicinity of Varanasi British Empire British India Demonstrators
1810 The West Florida rebellion against Spain, eventually becomes a short-lived republic. Spain Spain Rebels
1810–1821 Mexican War of Independence  Spanish Empire Insurgents

Army of the Three Guarantees

Insurgent victory
1810 May Revolution  Spanish Empire Primera Junta Primera Junta victory
1810–1818 Argentine War of Independence Royalists

Spain Spanish Monarchy

Patriots:

United Provinces of the Río de la Plata

Orientals

Chile Chile[172][173]

Republiquetas

Argentine victory and emancipation from Spanish colonial rule
1810–1823 Venezuelan War of Independence Spanish Empire Royalists
Spain Spain 		Patriots
1810:

Caracas Junta

1811–1816:

Venezuela

Colombia

1816–1819:

Venezuela

Haiti[174]

1819–1823:

 Gran Colombia

Patriot victory
1810–1826 Chilean War of Independence Royalists:
Mapuche allies of the Royalists 		Patriots:
Mapuche allies of the Patriots 		Chilean victory
1811 Paraguayan Revolt Spain Spain Paraguayan Rebels Revolt victory
1811 German Coast uprising Local planters

Militia and regulars

Enslaved Africans Suppression of uprising
1811 1811 Independence Movement Spain Spain Salvadoran revolutionaries Rebellion suppressed
1812 The peasant rebellion of Hong Gyeong-nae Joseon dynasty Rebels
1812 Aponte conspiracy  Spanish Empire Cuban rebels Rebellion suppressed
1812 The rebellion in protest against slavery led by José Leocadio, Pedro de Seda, and Pedro Henríquez in Dominican Republic  Spanish Empire Dominican rebels Rebellion suppressed
1814 Norwegian War of Independence

Supported by:

Swedish victory
1814 Hadži Prodan's Revolt Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire Revolutionary Serbia Serbian rebels Rebellion suppressed
1815 George Boxley's slave rebellion in Spotsylvania County, Virginia  United States Slave rbels
1815–1817 Second Serbian uprising Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire Serbian rebels Strategic Serbian diplomatic victory; Establishment of the autonomous Principality of Serbia
1816 Bussa's rebellion British Empire British Empire Slave rebels Rebellion suppressed
1816–1858 Seminole Wars  United States Seminole
Yuchi
Choctaw
Freedmen 		American victory
1817 Pernambucan Revolt United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves Rebels of Pernambuco and allies from Paraíba and Ceará. Portuguese victory and resulted in the creation of the short-lived Republic of Pernambuco (7 March 1817 – 20 May 1817).
1817 Pentrich rising, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland United Kingdom Rebels led by William Oliver Rebellion suppressed
1817 Paika Rebellion East India Company Bhoi dynasty Rebellion suppressed
1817–1818 Uva-Wellassa Rebellion  United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Radala collaborators Kingdom of Kandy rebels Rebellion suppressed
1820 The Revolutions of 1820 were a wave of revolutions attempting to establish liberal constitutional monarchies in Italy, Spain and Portugal.
1820 Radical War United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland United Kingdom Various Groups Rebellion suppressed
1820–1822 Ecuadorian War of Independence
Royalists:

Spain Spanish Monarchy

Patriot victory. Annexation of the territory to Gran Colombia.
1820–1824 The revolutionary war of independence in Peru led by José de San Martín
1821 Marcos Xiorro's conspiracy to incite a slave revolt in Spanish Puerto Rico Spain Spain Rebels
1821 Wallachian uprising  Ottoman Empire
 Austrian Empire
  • Ottoman Empire Moldavian insurgents
 Greek revolutionaries  Wallachia (revolutionary) Ottoman military victory Wallachian political victory

End of the Phanariote Era

1821–1829 Greek War of Independence  Ottoman Empire 1821:

After 1822:

Military support:

Diplomatic support:

Greek victory
1822 Denmark Vesey's suppressed slave uprising in South Carolina  United States Slave rebels Rebellion suppressed
1822–1823 The republican revolution in Mexico overthrows Emperor Agustín de Iturbide First Mexican Empire Rebels Rebel victory
1822–1825 Brazilian War of Independence
United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves
Brazilian rebels (1822)
 Empire of Brazil 		Brazilian victory
1823 Demerara rebellion of 1823 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland British Empire Rebel slaves Rebellion suppressed
1824 Chumash revolt of 1824 First Mexican Republic Chumash Native Americans
1825 Decembrist revolt  Russian Empire Northern Society of the Decembrists Rebelion suppressed, Decembrists executed or deported to Siberia
1825–1830 Java War  Dutch Empire

Yogyakarta Sultanate

Javanese rebels Dutch victory
1826 Janissary revolts  Ottoman Empire Janissaries
1826–1827 Fredonian Rebellion First Mexican Republic Texian rebels Rebellion suppressed
1826–1828 Lao rebellion Rattanakosin Kingdom (Siam) Kingdom of Vientiane

Kingdom of Champasak

Military support:

Nguyễn dynasty[b]

Siamese victory
1827–1828 The failed conservative rebellion in Mexico led by Nicolás Bravo. First Mexican Republic rebels led by Nicolás Bravo Rebellion suppressed
1828–1834 Liberal Wars Miguelites

Supported by:

Liberals

Supported by:

Liberal victory
1829 Bathurst War United Kingdom Wiradjuri British victory
1829–1832 War of the Maidens. Countrymen dressed as women resisted the new forestry law, which restricted their use of the forest France (Bourbon Restoration) (until 1830)

France (July Monarchy) (from 1830)

rebels
1830 The Revolutions of 1830 were a wave of Romantic nationalist revolutions in Europe
1830–1831 Belgian Revolution  United Netherlands
Belgian victory
1830 July Revolution France (Bourbon Restoration) Middle class against Bourbon King Charles X Charles X which forced him out of office and replaced him with the Orleanist King Louis-Philippe (the "July Monarchy")
1830–1831 November uprising Russia Russian Empire Congress Poland Russian victory
Ustertag revolution Canton of Zürich Rebels
1830 Bathurst Rebellion United Kingdom Convict rebels
1830–1833 Yagan's War United Kingdom Noongar people
1830–1836 Tithe War United Kingdom Irish Demonstrators
1831 Nat Turner's slave rebellion  United States Insurgents Rebellion suppressed
1831 Merthyr Rising United Kingdom Working class
1831, 1834, 1848 Canut revolts France (July Monarchy) Lyonnais silk workers (French: canuts)
1831–1832 Bosnian uprising  Ottoman Empire Bosnian ayans Ottoman victory
1831–1832 Baptist War United Kingdom Slave rebels Rebellion suppressed
1832 June Rebellion France (July Monarchy) Republicans Rebellion suppressed
1832–1833 Anastasio Aquino's Rebellion  Federal Republic of Central America Indigenous rebels Rebellion suppressed
1832–1843 Abdelkader's rebellion in French-occupied Algeria France (July Monarchy) Rebels led by Abdelkader
1833–1835 Lê Văn Khôi revolt Nguyễn dynasty Lê Văn Khôi rebels

Supported by:

Rattanakosin Kingdom (Siam)

Rebellion suppressed
1834 Flores' Rebellion Nicaragua Rebels
1834–1859 Imam Shamil's rebellion in Russian-occupied Caucasus Russia Russian Empire Rebels
1835–1836 Texas Revolution Mexican Republic Republic of Texas De facto Texian independence from the Centralist Republic of Mexico
1835 Malê revolt
 Empire of Brazil
Malê slaves (primarily Nagôs) Rebellion suppressed
1835–1840 The Cabanagem was a popular revolution and pro-separatist movement that occurred in the then province of Grão-Pará, Empire of Brazil  Empire of Brazil Rebels
1835–1845 Ragamuffin War

Supported by:

Colorados

Unitarians

Peace treaty between both parties
1837 Río Arriba Rebellion Republic of Mexico Puebloans

Hispanos

Temporary success:
1837-1838 Rebellions of 1837-1838 Upper Canada

Lower Canada

Hunter's Lodges (Upper Canada)

Patriotes (Lower Canada)

Rebels defeated in both Upper and Lower Canada

Upper and Lower Canada unified into the single Province of Canada

1837-1838 Sabinada Empire of Brazil Bahia Republic, led by Francisco Sabino Government victory; rebel capital of Salvador captured after four months of resistance
1838-1841 Balaida Empire of Brazil Rebels
  • Balaios
  • African slaves
 Government victory
1839 Amistad Rebellion Amistad slave ship Slaves Initial slave victory, eventual capture of slaves by the United States

United States v. The Amistad supreme court decision

1839-1843 Rebecca Riots Wales Farmers and agricultural workers End in riots due to increased military presence

Act of Parliament amends laws relating to turnpike trusts

1841 Creole revolt Creole American slave ship Slaves Revolt successful
1841-1842 Dorr Rebellion Rhode Island Disenfranchised voters led by Thomas Wilson Dorr Military government victory

Land qualification to vote removed from the state constitution

1841-1842 Afghan uprising Kabul, Emirate of Kabul Afghan citizens of Kabul Afghan victory [177]
1842 Slave Revolt in the Cherokee Nation Cherokee Nation Slaves Slaves eventually captured and some executed
1844–1856 Dominican War of Independence Dominican Republic Republic of Haiti (1844–1849)
Second Empire of Haiti (1854–1856) 		Dominican victory
1845-1872 New Zealand Wars New Zealand Māori iwi Eventual British victory

16,000 km^2 of Māori land seized in New Zealand Settlements Act of 1863

1846 Greater Poland uprising Greater Poland Poles Planned revolution never goes through

8 rebels executed

1846 Kraków uprising Free City of Kraków, Austrian Empire Polish resistance Austrian victory
1846 Bear Flag Revolt Alta California, Mexico California Republic California Republic declared, soon annexed by United States
1847-1901 Caste War of Yucatán Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico and British Honduras Maya people Initial Mayan victory, eventual defeat
  • Maya state of Chan Santa Cruz established
  • Eventual recapture of Yucatán peninsula by Mexican and British forces
Castle Hill convict rebellion (1804): The Battle of Vinegar Hill.
Norwegian Constituent Assembly in 1814
The defeat of the Spanish army at Ayacucho on 9 December 1824 was the definitive end of Spain's empire on the South America mainland.
Fighting in the streets of Lyon during the 1831 revolt
Cheering revolutionaries in Berlin during the Revolutions of 1848, Berlin Palace in the background

1850–1899

Battle of the Yangtze during the Taiping Rebellion.
A scene from the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Execution of mutineers by blowing from a gun by the British, 8 September 1857.
Confederate soldiers killed behind wall during the Battle of Chancellorsville of the American Civil War.
Paris Commune, 29 May 1871
The Herzegovina uprising of 1875–1877 was an uprising led by Christian population, mostly Serbs, against the Ottoman Empire
Boxer Rebellion fighting Eight-Nation Alliance
The current Puerto Rican Flag was flown for the first time in Puerto Rico by Fidel Vélez and his men during the "Intentona de Yauco" revolt

1900s

Demonstrations in Istanbul during the Young Turk Revolution

1910s

Main article: Revolutions of 1917–1923
Leaders of the 1910 revolt after the First Battle of Juárez. Seen are José María Pino Suárez, Venustiano Carranza, Francisco I. Madero (and his father), Pascual Orozco, Pancho Villa, Gustavo A. Madero, Raul Madero, Abraham González, and Giuseppe Garibaldi II
Establishment of Republic of China Hubei Military Government on 11 October 1911, the day after Wuchang uprising
1917 – Execution at Verdun during the winter of 1916

1920s

Riffian Berber rebels during the Rif War in Spanish Morocco, 1922

1930s

Soldiers assembled in front of the Throne Hall, Siam, 24 June 1932
Austrian Civil War: Army soldiers take position in front of the Vienna State Opera

1940s

Patrol of Lieut. Stanisław Jankowski ("Agaton") from Battalion Pięść, 1 August 1944: "W-hour" (17:00)
The PLA enters Beijing in the Pingjin Campaign and control the later capital of PRC

1950s

External audio
audio icon Newsreel scenes in Spanish of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party Revolts of the 1950s here
Barricades in Algiers. "Long live Massu" (Vive Massu) is written on the banner. (January 1960)
Raúl Castro (left), with his arm around second-in-command Ernesto "Che" Guevara, in their Sierra de Cristal Mountain stronghold in Oriente Province Cuba, 1958.

1960s

Portuguese soldiers in Angola
Barricades in Bordeaux during the May 68 revolt in France.

1970s

Khomeini returns to Iran after 14 years exile on 1 February 1979
Nicaraguan National Guard clashes with Sandinista rebels in 1979, during the Nicaraguan Revolution.

1980s

Diretas Já demonstration in São Paulo, Brazil, 1984, demanding direct presidential election and an end to the military dictatorship.
Fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989, during the Revolutions of 1989.

1990s

Russian Mil Mi-8 helicopter downed by Chechens near Grozny, December 1994

2000s

Police clash with protestors during the December 2001 riots in Argentina.

2010s

Tahrir Square protest during the Arab Spring in Egypt.
A line of riot police in the city of Kyiv during the 2014 Ukrainian revolution.
YPJ fighters during the Rojava Revolution.
The sentencing of nine Catalan independence leaders in a 2019 trial triggered protests in Catalonia.
2019–2020 Hong Kong protests

2020s

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The Dutch Brigade
  2. ^ Vietnamese observers totaled 80-100.[citation needed]

References

  1. ^ P.E. Newberry, The Seth rebellion of the 2nd Dynasty, in Ancient Egypt., no. 7. 1922. pp. 40–46.
  2. ^ Jimmy Dunn, "Khasekhem/Khasekhemwy of Egypt's 2nd Dynasty", Tour Egypt
  3. ^ Finegan, Jack (2019). Archaeological History Of The Ancient Middle East. Routledge. p. 43. ISBN 978-0-429-72638-5.
  4. ^ Zhang Peiyu (2002). "Determining Xia–Shang–Zhou Chronology through Astronomical Records in Historical Texts". Journal of East Asian Archaeology. 4. Brill: 335–357. doi:10.1163/156852302322454602.
  5. ^ Li, Feng (2006). Axel Menges (ed.). Landscape and Power in Early China: The Crisis and Fall of the Western Zhou 1045-771 BC. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 65. ISBN 978-0-521-85272-2.
  6. ^ Sources of Western Zhou History: Inscribed Bronze Vessels by Edward L. Shaughnessy
  7. ^ Sima Qian. Records of the Grand Historian. Vol. 4.
  8. ^ Lipschits, Oled (2005). The Fall and Rise of Jerusalem: Judah under Babylonian Rule. Eisenbrauns. pp. 13–18. ISBN 978-1575060958.
  9. ^ Clayton, Peter A. (2006). Chronicle of the Pharaohs: The Reign-by-Reign Record of the Rulers and Dynasties of Ancient Egypt (Paperback ed.). Thames & Hudson. pp. 195–197. ISBN 0-500-28628-0.
  10. ^ Jigoulov, Vadim S. (8 April 2016). The Social History of Achaemenid Phoenicia: Being a Phoenician, Negotiating Empires. Routledge. p. 47. ISBN 978-1-134-93809-4.
  11. ^ Rawlinson, George; Gilman, Arthur (1892). The Story of Ancient Egypt. G. P. Putnam. p. 396. ISBN 978-0-8482-5897-9.
  12. ^ Briant, Pierre (2002). From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire. Eisenbrauns. pp. 115–116. ISBN 9781575061207.
  13. ^ Livy, Ab urbe condita, 1.57
  14. ^ Ober, Josiah (1996). The Athenian Revolution. Princeton University Press. pp. 32–52.
  15. ^ Herodotus VI, 33
  16. ^ Livy, Ab urbe condita, Book 2
  17. ^ a b Dandamaev, Muhammad A. (1993). "Xerxes and the Esagila Temple in Babylon". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 7: 41–45. JSTOR 24048423.
  18. ^  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Tod, Marcus Niebuhr (1911). "Archidamus s.v. 2". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 367.
  19. ^ Herodotus VIII, 126
  20. ^ Diodorus XI, 77
  21. ^ Livy, Ab urbe condita 3.55.13
  22. ^ Cornell, T.J. (1995). The Beginnings of Rome. Routledge. p. 265.
  23. ^ a b Livy. "6-7". Ab urbe condita.
  24. ^ Dionysius, xi. 60.
  25. ^ Floro (1929). "X". Epitome of Roman History.
  26. ^ "Cassius Dio — Fragments of Book 12". penelope.uchicago.edu.
  27. ^ Hong Liu (2015). The Chinese Strategic Mind. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 145. ISBN 9781783474141.
  28. ^ "The great revolt of the Egyptians (205–186 BC)". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
  29. ^ Livy, History of Rome from Its Foundation: Rome and the Mediterranean (Books 31-45), Penguin Classics, Reprint edition, 1976; ISBN 978-0140443189
  30. ^ Schurer, Emil (1891). A History of the Jewish People in the Times of Jesus Christ. Vol. 1. Hendrickson Publishers. ISBN 1565630491.
  31. ^ Rafe de Crespigny (1967). "An Outline of the Local Administrations of the Later Han Empire" (PDF). Chung-chi Journal: 57–71.
  32. ^ Appian. "6, The Spanish wars". Roman History, The foreign Wars.
  33. ^ Appian. Foreign Wars.
  34. ^ Appian. History of Rome.
  35. ^ Mommsen, Theodor (1958). The History of Rome (Collins & Saunders ed.). Meridin Books.
  36. ^ Conole, P. (1981). "Allied Disaffection and the Revolt of Fregellae1". Antichthon. 15: 129–140. doi:10.1017/S0066477400004615. ISSN 0066-4774. S2CID 151724816.
  37. ^ A. H. Beesely, The Gracchi, Marius, and Sulla Epochs of Ancient History, (Kindle edition), ch. VI., p. 57
  38. ^ Beard, Mary (2008). Pompeii. Profile Books LTD. ISBN 978-1-86197-596-6.
  39. ^ Plut. Sull. 9.3; Plut. Mar. 35.4
  40. ^ Telford, Lynda. Sulla: A Dictator Reconsidered.
  41. ^ Dupuy and Dupuy, The Encyclopaedia of Military History, p. 93.
  42. ^ Julius Exsuperantius, On the civil Wars of Marius, Lepidus and Sertorius, 38-42
  43. ^ Appian, Civil Wars, 1:120
  44. ^ Florus, Epitome, 2.8.
  45. ^ Sallust, Bellum Catilinae XVIII.5; Asconius 92C; Dio Cassius XXXVI.44.3
  46. ^ Crispus, Gaius Sallustius. The Conspiracy of Catiline.
  47. ^ "Julius Caesar: The first triumvirate and the conquest of Gaul". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
  48. ^ Hornblower, S., Spawforth, A. (eds.) The Oxford Companion to Classical Civilization (1998) pp. 219–24
  49. ^ Dio, 48.49
  50. ^ Dio, Cassius. "23". Book LIII.
  51. ^ Frontier and Society in Roman North Africa. Dr. David Cherry. Oxford University Press. 1998. pp. 38
  52. ^ Raymond Brown, An Adult Christ at Christmas: Essays on the Three Biblical Christmas Stories, Matthew 2 and Luke 2 by Raymond E. Brown (Liturgical Press, 1978), page 17.
  53. ^ Suetonius (2007). "The Life of Tiberius". The Life of The Twelve Caesars. Penguin Classics. pp. 16–17. ISBN 978-0140455168.
  54. ^ Wells, Peter S. (2003), The Battle That Stopped Rome, Norton, p. 204, ISBN 9780393326437
  55. ^ Pettinger, Andrew (2012), The Republic in Danger: Drusus Libo and the Succession of Tiberius, Oxford University Press, pp. 189–190, ISBN 978-0-19-960174-5
  56. ^ Tacitus (100), "II.52", Annales
  57. ^ de Crespigny, Rafe (2007), A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms (23–220 AD), Leiden: Koninklijke Brill, p. 568, ISBN 978-90-04-15605-0
  58. ^ Bielenstein, Hans (1980), The Bureaucracy of Han Times, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 248, ISBN 978-0-521-22510-6
  59. ^ de Crespigny, Rafe (2007), A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms (23–220 AD), Leiden: Koninklijke Brill, pp. 196–198, ISBN 978-90-04-15605-0
  60. ^ Bielenstein, Hans (1980), The Bureaucracy of Han Times, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 251–254, ISBN 978-0-521-22510-6
  61. ^ Tacitus, Annales III:40-42.
  62. ^ Diana Bowder (1984). Who was who in the Roman world. New York: Washington Square Press. p. 435.
  63. ^ Tacitus (117). "IV.72–74". Annales.
  64. ^ Tacitus, Annals, 6.41
  65. ^ Bielestein, Hans (1987). "Wang Mang, the restoration of the Han dynasty, and Later Han". The Cambridge History of China, Volume 1: The Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 B.C.–A.D. 220. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 271. ISBN 9780521243278.
  66. ^ Cassius Dio, Roman History 60:9
  67. ^ Cassius Dio, lx. 15.
  68. ^ Flavius Josephus, Antiquities 20.5.2 102
  69. ^ Jason Burke, "Dig uncovers Boudicca's brutal streak" Archived 26 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine, The Observer, 3 December 2000
  70. ^ "datesofhistory.com". Archived from the original on 25 December 2014. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
  71. ^ H. H. Scullard, From the Gracchi to Nero, p. 330
  72. ^ Tacitus, Histories, 3. pp. 47–48
  73. ^ Tacitus, Historiae IV.17
  74. ^ Suetonius, "Life of Domitian, 6.2"., "7.3".
  75. ^ Ta'anit 18b; Yer. Ta'anit 66b
  76. ^ "Legio VIIII Hispana". livius.org. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
  77. ^ Dio Cassius, Epitome 72
  78. ^ Ropp, Paul S (10 June 2010). China in World History. Oxford University Press. p. 40. ISBN 9780199798766.
  79. ^ de Crespigny, Rafe (2007). A biographical dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms (23–220 AD). Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-15605-0.
  80. ^ Dio, 74:4
  81. ^ Cassius Dio (1927) [c. 230]. "79.40.5.". Roman History. Harvard University Press. p. 431. ISBN 0-674-99196-6.
  82. ^ Taylor, Jay (1983), The Birth of the Vietnamese, University of California Press, p. 70
  83. ^ Chen, Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi).
  84. ^ a b c Chen, Shou. Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi).
  85. ^ E.M. Wightman, Gallia Belgica (London: Batsford) 1985.
  86. ^ Casey, P. J. (1994). Carausius and Allectus: The British Usurpers (Repr. ed.). Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780203974353.
  87. ^ di Cosmo, Nicola (2009), Military Culture in Imperial China, Harvard University Press
  88. ^ Li, Bo; Zheng Yin (Chinese) (2001) 5000 years of Chinese history, Inner Mongolian People's publishing corp, ISBN 7-204-04420-7
  89. ^ Rees, Diocletian and the Tetrarchy, p. 14, citing William Leadbetter, "Galerius and the Revolt of the Thebaid, 293/4," Antichthon 34 (2000) 82–94.
  90. ^ Sozomen; Philostorgius (1855). The Ecclesiastical History of Sozomen and The Ecclesiastical History of Philostorgius. Translated by Edward Walford. London: Henry G. Bohn. p. 153 (Book IV, chapter VII). ISBN 9780790565682. OCLC 224145372.
  91. ^ Edward Gibbon, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, (The Modern Library, 1932), chap. XXIX., p. 1,040
  92. ^ a b c d e Kohen, E. (2007). History of the Byzantine Jews: A Microcosmos in the Thousand Year Empire. University Press of America. pp. 26–31. ISBN 9780761836230. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
  93. ^ Yarshater, Ehsan (1983). "Mazdakism". Cambridge History of Iran: The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian periods. Vol. 2. Cambridge. pp. 991–1024.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  94. ^ Norwich, John Julius (1999). A Short History of Byzantium. New York: Vintage Books, A Division of Random House, Inc. p. 64. ISBN 0-679-77269-3.
  95. ^ Taylor, Keith Weller. (1983). The Birth of Vietnam (illustrated, reprint ed.). University of California Press. ISBN 0520074173. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
  96. ^ Kaegi, Walter E. (2003). Heraclius, Emperor of Byzantium. Cambridge University Press. pp. 38–45. ISBN 9780521814591.
  97. ^ Xiong, Victor Cunrui (2006), Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty: His Life, Times, and Legacy, Albany: State University of New York Press, ISBN 9780791482681
  98. ^ Elli Kohen (2007). History of the Byzantine Jews: A Microcosmos in the Thousand Year Empire. University Press of America. ISBN 9780761836230. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  99. ^ Curta, Florin (2001). The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region, c. 500–700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781139428880.
  100. ^ Elias S. Shoufani: Al-Riddah and the Muslim conquest of Arabia. Toronto, 1973. ISBN 0-8020-1915-3
  101. ^ Madelung, Wilferd (1997). The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-64696-0.
  102. ^ Kennedy, Hugh (2016). The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century (Third ed.). Abingdon, Oxon and New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-138-78761-2.
  103. ^ Zetterstéen, K. V. (1997). "Shabīb ibn Yazīd". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. & Lecomte, G. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume IX: San–Sze. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 164–165. ISBN 978-90-04-10422-8.
  104. ^ Wellhausen, Julius (1927). The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall. Translated by Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. OCLC 752790641.
  105. ^ Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, v. 23 "The Zenith of the Marwanid House," transl. Martin Hinds, SUNY, Albany, 1990; v. 24 "The Empire in Transition," transl. David Stephen Powers, SUNY, Albany, 1989
  106. ^ Chapuis, Oscar (1995). A history of Vietnam: from Hong Bang to Tu Duc Numéro 5 de Contributions in Asian studies. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 35. ISBN 0-313-29622-7.
  107. ^ a b Shaban, M. A. (1979). The ʿAbbāsid Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-29534-3.
  108. ^ Blankinship, Khalid Yahya (1994). "Khārijī and Shī'ī Revolts in Iraq and the East". The End of the Jihād State. Albany: State University of New York Press. pp. 190–191. ISBN 9780791418277.
  109. ^ Ibn Khaldun (1852 transl.) Histoire des Berbères et des dynasties musulmanes de l'Afrique, Algiers.
  110. ^ Hawting, Gerald R. (2000). The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate AD 661–750 (2nd ed.). London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-24072-7.
  111. ^ Khalifah ibn Khayyat (1985). al-Umari, Akram Diya' (ed.). Tarikh Khalifah ibn Khayyat, 3rd ed (in Arabic). Al-Riyadh: Dar Taybah.
  112. ^ Hitti, Philip (1916). The origins of the Islamic state. Beirut, Lebanon: Columbia University. p. 251.
  113. ^ Zetterstéen, K.V. (1987). "ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAlī". In Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor (ed.). E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936, Volume I: A–Bābā Beg. Leiden: BRILL. pp. 22–23. ISBN 90-04-08265-4.
  114. ^ Kennedy, Hugh (1996). Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of al-Andalus (First ed.). London: Taylor and Francis. p. 32. ISBN 0-582-49515-6.
  115. ^ Beckwith, Christopher I. (2009): Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13589-2
  116. ^ Lewis, B. (1960). "ʿAlids". In Gibb, H. A. R.; Kramers, J. H.; Lévi-Provençal, E.; Schacht, J.; Lewis, B. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume I: A–B. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 401–403. OCLC 495469456.
  117. ^ Jennifer R. Davis (2015), Charlemagne's Practice of Empire (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), p. 179. The Royal Frankish Annals record battles in the years 772–80, 782–85, 793–99, 802 and 804.
  118. ^ Bosworth, C. E., ed. (1989). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXX: The ʿAbbāsid Caliphate in Equilibrium: The Caliphates of Mūsā al-Hādī and Hārūn al-Rashīd, A.D. 785–809/A.H. 169–192. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. pp. 14–39. ISBN 978-0-88706-564-4.
  119. ^ Anh Thư Hà, Hò̂ng Đức Trà̂n A brief chronology of Vietnam's history 2000 Page 27 "BỐ Cái Đại Vương (Phùng Hưng) (766-802) Phùng Hưng was initially a notable in Đường Lâm (Ba Vì, Hà Tây province). His father was a man of talent and good ethics, who took part in the rebellion led by Mai Hắc Đế. As a man of unusual..."
  120. ^ Levy-Rubin, Milka; Kedar, Benjamin Z (2001). "A Spanish Source on mid-Ninth Century Mar Saba and a Neglected Sabaite Martyr". In Patrich, Joseph (ed.). The Sabaite Heritage in the Orthodox Church from the Fifth Century to the Present. Peeters Publishers. pp. 63–83. ISBN 978-90-429-0976-2.
  121. ^ Eisenstein, H. (2002). "Al-Walid b. Tarif". The Encyclopedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume XI: W–Z. Leiden and New York: BRILL. pp. 129–130. ISBN 90-04-12756-9.
  122. ^ Daniel, Elton L. (1979). The Political and Social History of Khurasan under Abbasid Rule, 747–820. Minneapolis & Chicago: Bibliotheca Islamica, Inc. ISBN 0-88297-025-9.
  123. ^ Nagendra Kr Singh, International encyclopaedia of Islamic dynasties, Anmol Publications PVT. LTD., 2002
  124. ^ Hollingsworth, Paul A.; Cutler, Anthony (1991). "Thomas the Slav". In Kazhdan, Alexander (ed.). The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 2079. ISBN 0-19-504652-8.
  125. ^ Barbara M. Kreutz, Before the Normans: Southern Italy in the Ninth and Tenth Centuries, (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1991), 26-27.
  126. ^ Eisenstein, H. (1993). "al-Mubarḳaʿ". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume VII: Mif–Naz. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 279. ISBN 978-90-04-09419-2.
  127. ^ Goldberg, Eric J. "Popular Revolt, Dynastic Politics, and Aristocratic Factionalism in the Early Middle Ages: The Saxon Stellinga Reconsidered." Speculum, Vol. 70, No. 3. (Jul., 1995), pp 467–501.
  128. ^ Il-yeon: Samguk Yusa: Legends and History of the Three Kingdoms of Ancient Korea, translated by Tae-Hung Ha and Grafton K. Mintz. Book Two, page 103. Silk Pagoda (2006). ISBN 1-59654-348-5
  129. ^ Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 248, 249, 250, 251, 252.
  130. ^ Bosworth, C.E. (1975). "The Ṭāhirids and Ṣaffārids". In Frye, R.N. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 90–135. ISBN 9780521200936.
  131. ^ The crisis of the ʻAbbāsid Caliphate, By Ṭabarī, George Saliba, pg.15-19
  132. ^ Saliba, George, ed. (1985). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXV: The Crisis of the ʿAbbāsid Caliphate: The Caliphates of al-Mustaʿīn and al-Muʿtazz, A.D. 862–869/A.H. 248–255. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-87395-883-7.
  133. ^ Yarshater, Ehsan, ed. (1985–2007). The History of al-Ṭabarī (40 vols). SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-7249-1.
  134. ^ Waines, David, ed. (1992). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXVI: The Revolt of the Zanj, A.D. 869–879/A.H. 255–265. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-7914-0764-0.
  135. ^ Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 252, 253, 254.
  136. ^ Houtsma, M. Th. et al. (eds.) (1913–1936) Encyclopaedia of Islam: dictionary of the geography, ethnography and biography of the Muhammadan peoples (1st ed. in 4 vol.) E. J. Brill, London. "'OMAR b. ḤAFṢŪN", p. 981-2; reprinted in facsimile edition as E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936 in 1987
  137. ^ Madelung, Wilferd (1996). "The Fatimids and the Qarmatīs of Bahrayn". In Daftary, Farhad (ed.). Mediaeval Isma'ili History and Thought. Cambridge University Press. pp. 21–73. ISBN 978-0-521-00310-0.
  138. ^ Fine, John Van Antwerp Jr. (1991) [1983]. The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0472081497.
  139. ^ Kazhdan, Alexander (1991). "Basil the Copper Hand". In Kazhdan, Alexander (ed.). The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 268–269. ISBN 0-19-504652-8.
  140. ^ Brett, Michael (2017). The Fatimid Empire. The Edinburgh History of the Islamic Empires. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-4076-8.
  141. ^ Psellus, Michael (1966). Fourteen Byzantine Rulers: The Chronographia of Michael Psellus. New York: Penguin Classics. pp. 400. ISBN 978-0-14-0441697.
  142. ^ Psellus, Michael (1966). Fourtten Byzantine Rulers: The Chronographia of Michael Psellus. New York: Penguin Classics. pp. 32. ISBN 978-0-14-044169-7.
  143. ^ Helmold: Chronica Slavorum. Neu übertragen und erläutert von Heinz Stoob. In: Ausgewählte Quellen zur deutschen Geschichte des Mittelalters. Wiss. Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1963, 2. Auflage 1973.
  144. ^ Kaldellis, Anthony (2017). Streams of Gold, Rivers of Blood: The Rise and Fall of Byzantium, 955 A.D. to the First Crusade. Oxford University Press. p. 45. ISBN 978-0190253226.
  145. ^ "Die Nördliche Song-Dynastie". Archived from the original on 18 September 2018. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
  146. ^ Gowers, Bernard (2013). "996 and all that: The Norman peasants' revolt reconsidered". Early Medieval Europe. 21: 71–98. doi:10.1111/emed.12010. S2CID 161421440.
  147. ^ Canard, Marius (1961). "Les sources arabes de l'histoire byzantine aux confins des Xe et XIe siècles". Revue des études byzantines. 19: 284–314 (297–298). doi:10.3406/rebyz.1961.1264.
  148. ^ A world history of tax rebellions: an encyclopedia of tax rebels, revolts, and riots from antiquity to the present, David F. Burg, Taylor & Francis, 2004, ISBN 0-415-92498-7, pp. 74–75.
  149. ^ Dennis P. Hupchick, pp. 324-325.
  150. ^  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Holland, Arthur William (1911). "Rienzi, Cola di". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 323.
  151. ^ Chaliand, Gerard; Arnaud Blin (2007). The History of Terrorism: From Antiquity to Al Qaeda. University of California Press. p. 87. ISBN 978-0-520-24709-3. isfahan Timur.
  152. ^ John Reed Swanton (1922). Early history of the Creek Indians and their neighbors. Govt. Print. Off. pp. 88–89.
  153. ^ Eloy J. Gallegos (1 January 1998). Santa Elena: Spanish Settlements on the Atlantic Seaboard from Florida to Virginia, 1513 to 1607. Villagra Press. pp. 374–375. ISBN 978-1-882194-34-6.
  154. ^ "Shimabara Rebellion". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 27 May 2008. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
  155. ^ "Aclamação de Amador Bueno - 1641". Mundo Educação (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  156. ^ "Aclamação de Amador Bueno (1641)". Brasil Escola (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  157. ^ "Aclamação de Amador Bueno – São Paulo | Revoltas | Impressões Rebeldes". www.historia.uff.br. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  158. ^ http://zahid.fm.interia.pl/ Archived 2009-06-14 at the Wayback Machine, "Tatarzy Polscy" (Polish Tatars), [1] Archived 2010-06-02 at the Wayback Machine (PDF)
  159. ^ "История башкиро-татарских восстаний в XVII векевто — Реальное время". m.realnoevremya.ru.
  160. ^ "Revolta de Beckman: causas, participantes, fim". Brasil Escola (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  161. ^ "Beckman Revolt | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  162. ^ "P. Petrov - Karposhovoto vystanie, 1". macedonia.kroraina.com.
  163. ^ "War of the Emboabas | Brazilian history". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  164. ^ "Guerra dos Emboabas: contexto, causas, consequências". Brasil Escola (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  165. ^ "Guerra dos Mascates (1710)". Brasil Escola (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  166. ^ Kidd, Gray Fielding (2019). "Neither peddlers nor war: unraveling 180 years of historical literature on Pernambuco's "Peddlers' War," 1710-1711". CLIO: Revista de Pesquisa Histórica. 37 (2): 300–325. doi:10.22264/clio.issn2525-5649.2019.37.2.07. ISSN 2525-5649. S2CID 212926529.
  167. ^ "Vila Rica Revolt". forma-slova.com. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  168. ^ "Revolta de Vila Rica". Brasil Escola (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  169. ^ "Diskussion zu den Referaten von Prof. Dr. Hanno Kube, LL.M. und Prof. Dr. Peter Essers", Erneuerung des Steuerrechts, Köln: Verlag Dr. Otto Schmidt, pp. 394–404, 2014, doi:10.9785/ovs.9783504384128.394, ISBN 978-3-504-38412-8, retrieved 2 February 2021
  170. ^ "The Slave Revolts by Herbert Aptheker". Archived from the original on 12 January 2009. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
  171. ^ THE FÉDONS OF GRENADA, 1763–1814 Archived 31 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Posted by Curtis Jacobs. Retrieved 10 March 2013, to 18: 25 pm.
  172. ^ Rivera Vivanco, Gabriel (2011). "El apoyo de Chile a la independencia de las Provincias Unidas del Río de la Plata en 1811". Cuaderno de Historia Militar (in Spanish) (7): 7–19.
  173. ^ Hormazábal Espinosa, Pedro Edo. (2007). "Soldados chilenos en Argentina, la primera cooperación militar en el proceso independentista a partir de 1811". Revista de Historia Militar (in Spanish) (6): 45–50.
  174. ^ Arana, M., 2013, Bolivar, New York: Simon & Schuster, ISBN 9781439110195, pp. 186
  175. ^ Sakalis, Alex (25 March 2021). "The Italians Who Fought for Greek Independence". Italics Magazine. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
  176. ^ "Belgian Corps 1832-35 in Portugal's Liberal Wars". 11 June 2006. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
  177. ^ "British Library". www.bl.uk. Archived from the original on 9 May 2008.
  178. ^ "Revolução Praieira: contexto, estopim, desfecho". Brasil Escola (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  179. ^ Yılmaz, Salih (2003). "Karakalpakların Hive Hanlarına Karşı Yürüttükleri İsyan Hareketleri (1855-1856)". Belleten. 67 (250): 865–880. doi:10.37879/belleten.2003.865. ISSN 0041-4255.
  180. ^ Oteniyazov, Polat Jumaniyazovich (30 June 2022). "Heroes, Helpers, Magic Objects and Antagonists in Karakalpak Folk Tales". Theoretical & Applied Science. 110 (6): 336–340. doi:10.15863/tas.2022.06.110.57. ISSN 2308-4944.
  181. ^ Arnold, Chloe (2 January 2014). "Review of Bradt travel guides to Tajikistan and Uzbekistan". Asian Affairs. 45 (1): 151–153. doi:10.1080/03068374.2014.874710. ISSN 0306-8374.
  182. ^ Kunnen-Jones, Marianne (21 August 2002). "Anniversary Volume Gives New Voice To Pioneer Accounts of Sioux Uprising". University of Cincinnati. Archived from the original on 19 June 2008. Retrieved 6 June 2007.
  183. ^ Renowned author to speak about 1863 New York draft riots at Fairfield University's DiMenna-Nyselius Library Archived 14 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine press release Fairfield University
  184. ^ How The Only Coup D'Etat In U.S. History Unfolded. NPR/Weekend Edition Sunday, 17 August 2008.
  185. ^ Grataloup, Christian (2022). Die Geschichte der Welt Ein Atla (in German) (8th ed.). Germany: C. H. Beck. ISBN 978-3-406-77345-7.
  186. ^ Fremuth, Jiří (29 October 2018). "Republiku slavili v Dobrušce dvakrát, omylem ji vyhlásili o měsíc dřív".
  187. ^ Analysis: roots of the conflict between Georgia, South Ossetia and Russia[dead link‍]
  188. ^ "Proč českoslovenští legionáři skončili na jaře 1919 ve vězení Gornostaj? | 100+1 zahraniční zajímavost". www.stoplusjednicka.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 15 October 2024.
  189. ^ "Communist Revolts of 1935 | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  190. ^ "A revolta comunista de 1935 | CPDOC". cpdoc.fgv.br. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  191. ^ Paul J. White, Primitive rebels or revolutionary modernizers?: the Kurdish national movement in Turkey, Zed Books, 2000, p. 79.
  192. ^ "Levante Integralista | CPDOC". cpdoc.fgv.br. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  193. ^ "I. Baltic Prisoners of the Gulag Revolts of 1953 – L. Latkovskis". lituanus.org. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
  194. ^ "Há 60 anos, a "Campanha da Legalidade" impedia um golpe". Congresso em Foco (in Brazilian Portuguese). 5 September 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  195. ^ Santos, Patricia Fachin e João Vitor. "Campanha da Legalidade e o Brasil de hoje. Defesa da Constituição, senso de oportunidade política e mobilização popular. Alguns legados". www.ihu.unisinos.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  196. ^ Tripp, Charles (2005). A History of Iraq. Cambridge University Press. pp. 188–189, 196. ISBN 978-0-521-70247-8.
  197. ^ a b Mascarenhas, Anthony (1986). Bangladesh : a legacy of blood. Hodder and Stoughton. ISBN 0-340-39420-X. OCLC 242251870.
  198. ^ Tripp, Charles (2005). A History of Iraq. Cambridge University Press. pp. 116–126. ISBN 978-0-521-70247-8
  199. ^ "India Pakistan – Timeline". BBC News. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
  200. ^ "Five killed in Assam bomb blasts". Dawn. 2 January 2009. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
  201. ^ "Civil Police in Espírito Santo Sets Deadline for Governor to Meet Demands and Avoid a Strike". www1.folha.uol.com.br. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  202. ^ "Jamaica Observer Limited". Jamaica Observer. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  203. ^ ES, Do G1 (8 February 2017). "Sem PMs nas ruas, Espírito Santo registra 90 mortes, diz sindicato". Espírito Santo (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 3 October 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

Read other articles:

Jharkhand

Jharkhand Peta India dengan letak Jharkhand ditandai. Ibu kota - Koordinat Ranchi - 23°25′N 85°20′E / 23.42°N 85.33°E / 23.42; 85.33 Kota terbesar Ranchi Populasi (2011) - Kepadatan 32.988.134 (Ke-13) - 414/km² Area - Distrik 79.700 km² (Ke-15) - 24 Zona waktu UTC +5:30 Pembentukan - Gubernur - Ketua Menteri - Legislatif (kursi) 15 Nopember, 2000...

 

 

Fidelis Layog

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Februari 2023. Fidelis Layog Fidelis Bautista Layog (lahir 20 November 1968) adalah seorang rohaniwan asal Filipina. Ia belajar filsafat di Seminari Tinggi Maria Bunda Penolong dan teologi di Seminari Tinggi Maria Imakulata Dikandung Tanpa Noda di kota Vigan. Setela...

 

 

Article 74 de la Constitution de la Cinquième République française

Cet article est une ébauche concernant le droit français. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Article 74 de la Constitution du 4 octobre 1958 Données clés Présentation Pays France Langue(s) officielle(s) Français Type Article de la Constitution Adoption et entrée en vigueur Législature IIIe législature de la Quatrième République française Gouvernement Charles de Gaulle (3e) Promulgation 4...

Phoney War

Initial months of WWII, during which minimal actual warfare took place Bore War redirects here. Not to be confused with the First Boer War or Second Boer War.You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (January 2024) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the tra...

 

 

Crégy-lès-Meaux

Peta infrastruktur dan tata guna lahan di Komune Crégy-lès-Meaux.  = Kawasan perkotaan  = Lahan subur  = Padang rumput  = Lahan pertanaman campuran  = Hutan  = Vegetasi perdu  = Lahan basah  = Anak sungaiCrégy-lès-MeauxNegaraPrancisArondisemenMeauxKantonMeaux-NordAntarkomuneCommunauté d'agglomération du Pays de MeauxPemerintahan • Wali kota (2008-2014) Gérard Chomont • Populasi13.677Kode INSEE/pos77143 / 2 Population ...

 

 

Gula

Kristal Gula yang sudah dimurnikan. Artikel ini berkaitan dengan makanan dan komoditi perdagangan. Untuk pengertian lainnya, silakan lihat Gula (disambiguasi). Gula adalah suatu karbohidrat sederhana yang menjadi sumber energi dan komoditas perdagangan utama. Gula paling banyak diperdagangkan dalam bentuk kristal sukrosa padat. Gula digunakan untuk mengubah rasa menjadi manis dan dengan keadaan makanan atau minuman. Gula sederhana, seperti glukosa (yang diproduksi dari sukrosa dengan enzim at...

Vagueness

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Januari 2023. Vagueness atau kekaburan makna dalam linguistik dan filsafat , berkaitan dengan predikat kabur/ samar (vague) yang terjadi pada saat menetapkan batas-batas suatu definisi. Misalnya, kata sifat tinggi definisinya kabur ketika diterapkan pada seseorang y...

 

 

Херабуна

Ловля методом херабуна Херабуна (англ. herabuna, от яп. ヘラブナ, — японский белый карась) — любительский способ ловли рыбы на поплавочную снасть на специализированные насадки, а также насадки, снасть и удилища, используемые при этом способе. Ловля заключается в забрасыва...

 

 

M12 (New York City bus)

Bus route on Manhattan's West Side m12Eleventh and Twelfth Avenue LineAn OBI Orion VII OG HEV 07.501 operating on the M12.OverviewSystemMTA Regional Bus OperationsOperatorNew York City Transit AuthorityGarageMichael J. Quill DepotVehicleNew Flyer Xcelsior XD40Nova Bus LFS HEV New Flyer XE40Began serviceAugust 31, 2014RouteLocaleManhattan, New York, U.S.Communities servedHell’s Kitchen, Hudson Yards, Chelsea, West VillageStartWest Midtown – 58 St and BroadwayViaEleventh Avenue (south...

ضريح بابا كوهي

  لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع ضريح بابا (توضيح).ضريح بابا كوهيالتسميةنسبة الاسم إلى ابن باكويه[1] معلومات عامةنوع المبنى ضريحالمكان شيراز[2][1] المنطقة الإدارية مقاطعة شيراز[2][1] البلد  إيرانأبرز الأحداثالافتتاح الرسمي شاهد قبر : 1593[3] 1841[3] الصفة ا...

 

 

Industria farmacéutica

Inspección de una fábrica de medicamentos en Baltimore, a principios de la década de 1990. Kirk Sooter y Sarah Brown examinan los registros de lotes de productos cuando estos llegan a la línea de llenado. La industria farmacéutica es un sector empresarial dedicado a la fabricación, preparación y comercialización de productos químicos medicinales para el tratamiento y también la prevención de las enfermedades. Algunas empresas del sector fabrican productos químicos farmacéuticos a...

 

 

بالانيفكا (محافظة فينيتسا)

بالانيفكا (بالأوكرانية: Баланівка)‏    تاريخ التأسيس 1015  تقسيم إداري البلد أوكرانيا  إحداثيات 48°23′56″N 29°23′38″E / 48.398888888889°N 29.393888888889°E / 48.398888888889; 29.393888888889   معلومات أخرى التوقيت ت ع م+02:00 (توقيت قياسي)،  وت ع م+03:00 (توقيت صيفي)  الرمز البريدي 24413 ...

Prostitution

Engaging in sexual relations in exchange for payment Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see Prostitute (disambiguation), Whore (disambiguation), Harlot (disambiguation), Strumpet (film), and Hookers (song). ProstitutionOccupationActivity sectorsSex industryDescriptionRelated jobsStripper, porn actor Sex and the law Social issues Consent Reproductive rights Homophobia (Criminalization · Capital punishment) LGBT rights (Conversion therapy · Decriminalization ...

 

 

Orleans Darkwa

American football player (born 1992) American football player Orleans DarkwaDarkwa with the New York Giants in 2017No. 32, 43, 26Position:Running backPersonal informationBorn: (1992-02-28) February 28, 1992 (age 32)Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.Height:5 ft 11 in (1.80 m)Weight:219 lb (99 kg)Career informationHigh school:The Ensworth School(Nashville, Tennessee)College:Tulane (2010–2013)Undrafted:2014Career history Miami Dolphins (2014) New York Giants (2014–2017)...

 

 

Siantar Utara, Pematangsiantar

Siantar UtaraKecamatanKantor Kecamatan Siantar UtaraPeta lokasi Kecamatan Siantar UtaraNegara IndonesiaProvinsiSumatera UtaraKotaPematangsiantarPemerintahan • CamatHamzah Fanshuri Damanik, S.STP, M.SiPopulasi • Total49,874 jiwa (2.000) jiwaKode Kemendagri12.72.03 Kode BPS1273040 Luas3,65 km²Desa/kelurahan7 Siantar Utara adalah sebuah kecamatan di Kota Pematangsiantar, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. Sejarah Kecamatan Siantar Utara dibentuk pada tahun 1981 sebagai sala...

شاهد (منصة)

  لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع شاهد (توضيح). شاهد النوع منصة رقمية، تلفزة عبر الإنترنت تاريخ التأسيس 2011  المقر الرئيسي الرياض  البلد السعودية  مناطق الخدمة العالم العربي، والشرق الأوسط، وشمال أفريقيا الصناعة إعلام، وسائل ترفيه، منصة بث فيديو رقمية، تلفزة رقمية الخدمات و�...

 

 

Choir (architecture)

Area of a church or cathedral For other uses, see Choir (disambiguation). The placement of the choir within a large Latin cross church The choir of Bristol Cathedral, with the nave seen through the chancel screen, so looking west A choir, also sometimes called quire,[1] is the area of a church or cathedral that provides seating for the clergy and church choir. It is in the western part of the chancel, between the nave and the sanctuary, which houses the altar and Church tabernacle. In...

 

 

Agency for Language Development and Cultivation

Government agency regulating Indonesian language Agency for Language Development and CultivationBadan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan BahasaSeal of Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and TechnologyAgency overviewPreceding agenciesBadan Pengembangan Bahasa dan PerbukuanBadan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan BahasaJurisdictionIndonesiaHeadquartersJalan Daksinapati Barat IV, Rawamangun, East JakartaMinister responsibleNadiem Makarim, Minister of Education, Culture, Research and TechnologyWebsitebada...

Sistrurus tergeminus

Species of snake Western massasauga Conservation status Vulnerable  (NatureServe)[1] Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Reptilia Order: Squamata Suborder: Serpentes Family: Viperidae Genus: Sistrurus Species: S. tergeminus Binomial name Sistrurus tergeminus(Say, 1823) Synonyms Sistrurus catenatus tergeminus – (Say, 1823) Crotalus tergeminus Say In James, 1823 Crotalophorus tergeminus – Gray, 1831 Crotalophorus te...

 

 

العلاقات الأوكرانية الميانمارية

العلاقات الأوكرانية الميانمارية أوكرانيا ميانمار   أوكرانيا   ميانمار تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات الأوكرانية الميانمارية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين أوكرانيا وميانمار.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدول�...