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Monarchy of Haiti
Monarchy of Haiti
Monarques d'Haïti (French); Monak Ayiti (Haitian Creole);
Imperial
	Imperial coat of arms (1849–1859)
	Longest reigning; Henry I; 28 March 1811–8 October 1820
Details
Style	His Royal Majesty; His Imperial Majesty;
First monarch	Jacques I; (as Emperor)
Last monarch	Faustin I; (as Emperor)
Formation	2 September 1804
Abolition	15 January 1859
Appointer	Elective; Hereditary

The monarchs of Haiti (French: monarques d'Haïti, Haitian Creole: Monak Ayiti) were the heads of state and rulers of Haiti on three non-consecutive occasions in the 19th century.

With complete independence achieved from France in 1804, Haiti became an independent monarchy—the First Empire of Haiti (1804–1806). Haiti reverted to a monarchy in the 1810s, during the Kingdom of Haiti (1811–1820). Haiti reverted for a third and final time to a monarchy during the Second Empire of Haiti (1849–1859).

The period known as the Duvalier dynasty (1957–1986), despite the misleading name, is not a period of monarchy but of an authoritarian family dictatorship.

First Empire of Haiti (1804–1806)

Portrait	Coat of arms	Name (birth–death)	Reign			Title	Ref.
Portrait	Coat of arms	Name (birth–death)	Reign began	Reign ended	Time reigning	Title	Ref.
		Jacques I (1758–1806)	2 September 1804	17 October 1806 †	2 years, 45 days	Emperor of Haiti ((Empereur d'Haïti)

Kingdom of Haiti (1811–1820)

Portrait	Coat of arms	Name (birth–death)	Reign			Title	Ref.
Portrait	Coat of arms	Name (birth–death)	Reign began	Reign ended	Time reigning	Title	Ref.
		Henry I (1767–1820)	28 March 1811	8 October 1820 †	9 years, 194 days	King of Haiti (Roi d'Haïti)
		Henry II (1804–1820)	8 October 1820	18 October 1820 †	10 days	(Unproclaimed) King of Haiti (Roi d'Haïti)

Second Empire of Haiti (1849–1859)

Portrait	Coat of arms	Name (birth–death)	Reign			Title	Ref.
Portrait	Coat of arms	Name (birth–death)	Reign began	Reign ended	Time reigning	Title	Ref.
		Faustin I (1782–1867)	25 August 1849	15 January 1859	9 years, 143 days	Emperor of Haiti (Empereur d'Haïti)

Kingdom of La Gonâve

Portrait	Name (birth–death)	Reign			Title	Ref.
Portrait	Name (birth–death)	Reign began	Reign ended	Time reigning	Title	Ref.
	Ti Memenne (?–?)				Queen of La Gonâve (Reine de La Gonâve)	^[1]^[2]
	Faustin II (1896–1945)	18 July 1926	1929	2–3 years	King of La Gonâve (Roi de La Gonâve)	^[1]^[2] ^[3]^[4] ^[5]^[6] ^[7]

Timeline

Notes

^ During the First Empire of Haiti.

References

^ ^a ^b "Cambridge Sentinel 26 February 1944 – Cambridge Public Library's Historic Cambridge Newspaper Collection". cambridge.dlconsulting.com.
^ ^a ^b S.A, Wirtualna Polska Media (23 April 2014). "Sierżant Faustin Wirkus, cesarz La Gonave". opinie.wp.pl.
^ "That time a Marine was crowned king of a voodoo island in Haiti". 5 February 2020.
^ Wirkus, Faustin E.; Dudley, Taney; Introduction by William E. Seabrook (2015) [1931]. The White King of La Gonâve: The True Story of the Sergeant of Marines Who Was Crowned King on a Voodoo Island (Ishi Press ed.). New York: Doubleday, Doran & Company, Inc. p. 333. ISBN 978-4871872393.
^ "Department of the Navy – Naval Historical Society". Archived from the original on 8 July 2010.
^ "The Winnipeg Tribune". Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. 25 April 1931. p. 45 – via Newspapers.com.
^ Wallace, Amy; Jane Farrow; IRA Basen (November 2005). "9 Ordinary men who became king (#9)". The Book of Lists, the Canadian Edition: The Original Compendium of Curious Information. Knopf Canada. p. 273. ISBN 0-676-97720-0.