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Indium trihydride
Names
	Systematic IUPAC name Indigane (substitutive); Trihydridoindium (additive)
	Other names Indium(III) hydride; Indium trihydride
Identifiers
CAS Number	7440-74-6 [ChemSpider];
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:30429 ;
ChemSpider	22435 ;
Gmelin Reference	163932
PubChem CID	24000;
	InChI InChI=1S/In.3H Key: CXQHBGCUHODCNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	SMILES [InH3];
Properties
Chemical formula	InH3
Molar mass	117.842 g/mol
Melting point	−90 °C (−130 °F; 183 K) (decomposes)
Structure
Coordination geometry	Trigonal planar
Molecular shape	Dihedral
Related compounds
Related metallanes	Aluminium hydride; Borane; Hydrogen iodide; Hydrogen telluride; Rubidium hydride; Stannane; Stibine;
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Indium trihydride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula (InH₃). It has been observed in matrix isolation and laser ablation experiments.^[2]^[3] Gas phase stability has been predicted.^[4] The infrared spectrum was obtained in the gas phase by laser ablation of indium in presence of hydrogen gas ^[5] InH₃ is of no practical importance.

Chemical properties

Solid InH₃ is a three-dimensional network polymeric structure, where In atoms are connected by In-H-In bridging bonds, is suggested to account for the growth of broad infrared bands when samples of InH₃ and InD₃ produced on a solid hydrogen matrix are warmed.^[5] Such a structure is known for solid AlH₃.^[6] When heated above −90 °C, indium trihydride decomposes to produce indium–hydrogen alloy and elemental hydrogen. As of 2013, the only known method of synthesising indium trihydride is the autopolymerisation of indane below −90 °C.

Other indium hydrides

Structure of the adduct of InH₃ and tricyclohexylphosphine.^[7]

Several compounds with In-H bonds have been reported.^[7] Examples of complexes with two hydride ligands replaced by other ligands are (K⁺)₃[K((CH₃)₂SiO)+7][InH(CH₂C(CH₃)₃)−3]₄^[8] and HIn(−C₆H₄−ortho-CH₂N(CH₃)₂)₂.

Although InH₃ is labile, adducts are known with the stoichiometry InH₃L_n (n = 1 or 2).^[9] 1:1 amine adducts are made by the reaction of Li⁺[InH₄]⁻ (lithium tetrahydridoindate(III)) with a trialkylammonium salt. The trimethylamine complex is only stable below −30 °C or in dilute solution. The 1:1 and 1:2 complexes with tricyclohexylphosphine (PCy₃) have been characterised crystallographically. The average In-H bond length is 168 pm.^[7] Indium hydride is also known to form adducts with NHCs.^[10]

References

^ ^a ^b "Indigane (CHEBI:30429)". Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI). UK: European Bioinformatics Institute.
^ Pullumbi, P.; Bouteiller, Y.; Manceron, L.; Mijoule, C. (July 1994). "Aluminium, gallium and indium trihydrides. An IR matrix isolation and ab initio study". Chemical Physics. 185 (1): 25–37. Bibcode:1994CP....185...25P. doi:10.1016/0301-0104(94)00111-1.
^ Aldridge, S.; Downs, A. J. (2001). "Hydrides of the Main-Group Metals: New Variations on an Old Theme". Chemical Reviews. 101 (11): 3305–65. doi:10.1021/cr960151d. PMID 11840988.
^ Hunt, P.; Schwerdtfeger, P. (1996). "Are the Compounds InH₃ and TlH₃ Stable Gas Phase or Solid State Species?". Inorganic Chemistry. 35 (7): 2085–2088. doi:10.1021/ic950411u.
^ ^a ^b Andrews, L.; Wang, X. (2004). "Infrared Spectra of Indium Hydrides in Solid Hydrogen and of Solid Indane". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 43 (13): 1706–1709. doi:10.1002/anie.200353216. PMID 15038043.
^ Turley, J. W.; Rinn, H. W. (1969). "The Crystal Structure of Aluminum Hydride". Inorganic Chemistry. 8 (1): 18–22. doi:10.1021/ic50071a005.
^ ^a ^b ^c Jones, C. (2001). "The stabilisation and reactivity of indium trihydride complexes". Chemical Communications (22): 2293–2298. doi:10.1039/b107285b. ISSN 1359-7345. PMID 12240044.
^ Rowen Churchill, M.; Lake, C. H.; Chao, S.-H. L.; Beachley, O. T. (1993). "Silicone grease as a precursor to a pseudo crown ether ligand: crystal structure of [K⁺]₃[K(Me₂SiO)₇⁺][InH(CH₂CMe₃)₃^–]₄". Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications. 1993 (20): 1577–1578. doi:10.1039/C39930001577.
^ Wang, X.; Andrews, L. (20 May 2004). "Infrared Spectra of Indium Hydrides in Solid Hydrogen and Neon". The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 108 (20): 4440–4448. Bibcode:2004JPCA..108.4440W. doi:10.1021/jp037942l.
^ Abernethy, C. D.; Cole, M. L.; Jones, C. (2000). "Preparation, Characterization, and Reactivity of the Stable Indium Trihydride Complex [InH₃{IMes}]". Organometallics. 19 (23): 4852–4857. doi:10.1021/om0004951.