Grotta del Cavallo

Grotta del Cavallo
Cavallo Cave
Map showing the location of Grotta del Cavallo
Map showing the location of Grotta del Cavallo
LocationApulia, Italy
Coordinates40°9′18″N 17°57′36″E / 40.15500°N 17.96000°E / 40.15500; 17.96000
Geologylimestone

The Grotta del Cavallo or Cavallo Cave (Italian:"Cave of the Horse") is a limestone cave in the region of Apulia, Southern Italy, near Nardò 90 km (55.92 mi) south of Taranto. The cave is about 15 m (49 ft) above present sea level. It has a rounded entrance, 5 m (16.40 ft) wide and 2.5 m (8.20 ft) high opening toward the sea. The cave was rediscovered in 1960 and two waves of excavations ensued. The first wave spanning from 1963 to 1966 and the second from 1986 to 2008. The cave was disturbed by looters during the period between the two waves of excavations, damaging the layers corresponding to the Upper Palaeolithic; because of this, the cave entrance is covered by a gate and is closed to the public.[1]

Archaeology

Stratigraphy

The cave contains a rich stratigraphic succession with a depth of 7 m (23 ft), that is deposited on top of an interglacial beach foundation. The most notable section of this sequence covers the Middle Palaeolithic, associated with the Neanderthal Mousterian culture and recently discovered subsequent strata that were associated with the earliest known appearance of Anatomically modern humans in Europe.

Discoveries

In 1964 two deciduous molars were discovered in the cave. In 1967 researchers described the teeth as of Neanderthal origin and assumed that the accompanying stone tools and shell bead ornaments were typical of a Neanderthal culture, that was subsequently termed the Uluzzi culture[2][3] as it closely resembles the Châtelperronian. However, the association of the Châtelperronian culture with Homo neanderthalensis is subject of ongoing debate.[4][5] In 2011, a team of researchers led by Stefano Benazzi of the Department of Anthropology at the University of Vienna published a study in the journal Nature which concluded that the teeth are not of Neanderthal origin, but from an early Homo sapiens and date from 45,000 to 43,000 years BP. According to Benazzi these results allow the support of the hypothesis that the Uluzzi culture is not to be attributed to Neanderthals but to modern humans. [6] Although the Human provenance of these teeth is contended, no evidence contradicting this claim has been put forward [3][7] and it has gained some acceptance. However, the attribution of the entire Uluzzi technology to Anatomically Modern European Humans is more contentious.[8]

References

  1. ^ Benazzi, Stefano; Douka, Katerina; Fornai, Cinzia; Bauer, Catherine C.; Kullmer, Ottmar; Svoboda, Jiří; Pap, Ildikó; Mallegni, Francesco; Bayle, Priscilla; Coquerelle, Michael; Condemi, Silvana; Ronchitelli, Annamaria; Harvati, Katerina; Weber, Gerhard W. (2011). "Early dispersal of modern humans in Europe and implications for Neanderthal behaviour". Nature. 479 (7374). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 525–528. Bibcode:2011Natur.479..525B. doi:10.1038/nature10617. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 22048311.
  2. ^ Camps, M.; Chauhan, P. (2009). Sourcebook of Paleolithic Transitions: Methods, Theories, and Interpretations. Humanities, Social Science and Law. Springer New York. p. 385. ISBN 978-0-387-76487-0.
  3. ^ a b Callaway, Ewen (2 November 2011). "Who were Europe's first humans?". Nature blog. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  4. ^ Higham, Thomas; Jacobi, Roger; Julien, Michèle; David, Francine; Basell, Laura; Wood, Rachel; Davies, William; Ramsey, Christopher Bronk (23 November 2010). "Chronology of the Grotte du Renne (France) and implications for the context of ornaments and human remains within the Châtelperronian". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 107 (47): 20234–20239. doi:10.1073/pnas.1007963107. ISSN 1091-6490. PMC 2996711. PMID 20956292.
  5. ^ Mellars, Paul (23 November 2010). "Neanderthal symbolism and ornament manufacture: The bursting of a bubble?". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107 (47): 20147–20148. Bibcode:2010PNAS..10720147M. doi:10.1073/pnas.1014588107. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 2996706. PMID 21078972.
  6. ^ Benazzi, Stefano; Douka, Katerina; Fornai, Cinzia; Bauer, Catherine C.; Kullmer, Ottmar; Svoboda, Jiří; Pap, Ildikó; Mallegni, Francesco; Bayle, Priscilla; Coquerelle, Michael; Condemi, Silvana; Ronchitelli, Annamaria; Harvati, Katerina; Weber, Gerhard W. (2011). "Early dispersal of modern humans in Europe and implications for Neanderthal behaviour". Nature. 479 (7374): 525–528. Bibcode:2011Natur.479..525B. doi:10.1038/nature10617. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 22048311.
  7. ^ Zilhao, Joao; Banks, William E.; Gioia, Patrizia (24 July 2015). "COGITO ERGO AGENDA ACTIONIS SUM PHILOSOPHICAL (AND OTHER) TRANSACTIONS ON THE GROTTA DEL CAVALLO, THE SCIENCE OF ARCHEOLOGY, AND THE ETHICS OF PUBLICATION" – via ResearchGate.
  8. ^ Zilhão, João; Banks, William E.; d’Errico, Francesco; Gioia, Patrizia (8 July 2015). "Analysis of Site Formation and Assemblage Integrity Does Not Support Attribution of the Uluzzian to Modern Humans at Grotta del Cavallo". PLOS ONE. 10 (7): e0131181. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1031181Z. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0131181. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4495988. PMID 26154139.

Read other articles:

Pontiac Grand Prix

Cet article est une ébauche concernant l’automobile. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Pontiac Grand Prix Pontiac Grand Prix (2003-2008) Marque Pontiac Années de production 1962 - 2008 Classe FamilialeRoutière Chronologie des modèles Pontiac Catalina Pontiac G8 modifier  La Pontiac Grand Prix est une automobile produite par la division Pontiac de General Motors. Introduite sur le marché...

 

Bahasa Gaya

Bahasa Gaya Kaya, Karak, Kara Dituturkan diKonfederasi GayaWilayahSemenanjung KoreaEraabad ke-5 hingga ke-7 Rumpun bahasatidak terklasifikasi, kemungkinan Japonik? atau Koreanik? Kode bahasaISO 639-3zraLINGUIST ListzraGlottologTidak adaQIDQ5528695 Status konservasi Punah EXSingkatan dari Extinct (Punah)Terancam CRSingkatan dari Critically endangered (Terancam Kritis) SESingkatan dari Severely endangered (Terancam berat) DESingkatan dari Devinitely endangered (Terancam) VUSingkatan dari V...

 

Sisa Rasa

Sisa RasaSingel oleh Mahalinidari album Journey of Love dan FábulaDirilis22 Oktober 2021 (2021-10-22)Direkam6 September 2021GenrePop[1]Durasi4:14LabelHits RecordsPencipta Mahalini Martinus Layardo ProduserAdrian KitutKronologi singel Mahalini Melawan Restu (2021) Sisa Rasa (2021) Janji Kita (2021) Video musikSisa Rasa di YouTube Sisa Rasa adalah sebuah lagu oleh penyanyi-penulis lagu Indonesia Mahalini. Lagu ini ditulis oleh Mahalini dan Martinus Tintin Layardo[2] dan di...

Wang Ganchang

Cet article est une ébauche concernant un physicien, le nucléaire et le monde chinois. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Wang GanchangWang Ganchang au début des années 1950.FonctionsMembre du comité national de la conférence consultative politique du peuple chinois3e comité national de la conférence consultative politique du peuple chinois (d)2e comité national de la conférence consultati...

 

Daftar kecamatan dan kelurahan di Kabupaten Nganjuk

Peta lokasi Kabupaten Nganjuk Berikut adalah daftar kecamatan dan kelurahan/desa di Kabupaten Nganjuk, Provinsi Jawa Timur, Indonesia. Kabupaten Nganjuk terdiri dari 20 kecamatan, 20 kelurahan, dan 264 desa (dari total 666 kecamatan, 777 kelurahan, dan 7.724 desa di Jawa Timur). Pada tahun 2017, jumlah penduduknya mencapai 1.096.944 jiwa dengan luas wilayah 1.224,25 km² dan sebaran penduduk 896 jiwa/km².[1][2] Daftar kecamatan dan kelurahan di Kabupaten Nganjuk, adalah sebag...

 

Silent Witness

British crime drama television series For other uses, see Silent Witness (disambiguation). Silent WitnessTitle card (2015–2017)GenreCrime dramaCreated byNigel McCreryStarringAmanda BurtonJohn McGlynnClare HigginsWilliam ArmstrongRuth McCabeMick FordNick RedingMark LetherenWilliam GaminaraTom WardEmilia FoxDavid CavesLiz CarrRichard LinternJason Wong Genesis LyneaAki OmoshaybiAlastair MichaelRhiannon MayTheme music composerGeoffrey Burgon (s. 1)John Harle (s. 2–present)ComposersGeoffrey Bu...

趙家驤

追晉陸軍二級上將趙家驤將軍个人资料出生1910年 大清河南省衛輝府汲縣逝世1958年8月23日(1958歲—08—23)（47—48歲） † 中華民國福建省金門縣国籍 中華民國政党 中國國民黨获奖 青天白日勳章（追贈）军事背景效忠 中華民國服役 國民革命軍 中華民國陸軍服役时间1924年－1958年军衔 二級上將 （追晉）部队四十七師指挥東北剿匪總司令部參謀長陸軍�...

 

Maaran (2022 film)

2022 Indian Tamil-language action thriller film MaaranOfficial release posterDirected byKarthick NarenScreenplay byKarthick NarenSuhas-SharfuVivekStory byKarthick NarenProduced bySendhil ThyagarajanArjun ThyagarajanStarringDhanush Smruthi Venkat Malavika MohananCinematographyVivekanand SanthoshamEdited byPrasanna G. K.Music byG. V. Prakash KumarProductioncompanySathya Jyothi FilmsDistributed byDisney+ HotstarRelease date 11 March 2022 (2022-03-11) Running time130 minutesCountry...

 

Hubert Gough

Hubert GoughIl tenente generale Hubert Gough in un disegno del 1917NascitaGurteen-Le-Poer, 12 agosto 1870 MorteLondra, 18 marzo 1963 Luogo di sepolturaCamberley Dati militariPaese servito Regno Unito Forza armata British Army Anni di servizio1888 - 1922 GradoGenerale GuerreSeconda guerra boeraPrima guerra mondiale CampagneCampagna di Tirah BattaglieAssedio di LadysmithLiberazione di LadysmithBattaglia di LoosBattaglia della SommeTerza battaglia di YpresOperazione Michael fonti pr...

طواف فلاندرز 2000

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (ديسمبر 2018) هذه المقالة تحتاج للمزيد من الوصلات للمقالات الأخرى للمساعدة في ترابط مقالات الموسوعة. فضلًا ساعد في تحس...

 

哈萨克斯坦总统

此条目序言章节没有充分总结全文内容要点。 (2019年3月21日)请考虑扩充序言，清晰概述条目所有重點。请在条目的讨论页讨论此问题。 哈萨克斯坦總統哈薩克總統旗現任Қасым-Жомарт Кемелұлы Тоқаев卡瑟姆若马尔特·托卡耶夫自2019年3月20日在任任期7年首任努尔苏丹·纳扎尔巴耶夫设立1990年4月24日（哈薩克蘇維埃社會主義共和國總統） 哈萨克斯坦 哈萨克斯坦政府...

 

Abortion in the United States

Termination of a pregnancy in the United States This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article may overuse or misuse color, making it hard to understand for color-blind users. No equivalent form for readers who are colorblind. Please remove or fix instances of distracting or hard-to-read colors or remove colored links that may impede user ability to distinguish links from re...

يوكي أيزو

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (سبتمبر 2021) يوكي أيزو (باليابانية: 会津雄生)‏  معلومات شخصية الميلاد 1 أغسطس 1996 (العمر 27 سنة)طوكيو  الطول 1.73 م (5 قدم 8 بوصة) مركز اللعب مدافع الجنسية اليابان ...

 

Association for Computational Linguistics

Professional organization devoted to linguistics Association for Computational LinguisticsFounded1962TypeProfessional organizationFocusComputational linguistics and natural language processingOriginsAssociation for Machine Translation and Computational LinguisticsArea served WorldwideMethodConferences, publicationsWebsitewww.aclweb.org The Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL) is a scientific and professional organization for people working on natural language processing.[1]...

 

Villejoubert

Cet article est une ébauche concernant une commune de la Charente. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?). Le bandeau {{ébauche}} peut être enlevé et l’article évalué comme étant au stade « Bon début » quand il comporte assez de renseignements encyclopédiques concernant la commune. Si vous avez un doute, l’atelier de lecture du projet Communes de France est à votre disposition pour vous aider. Consultez également la page d’aide...

Zarzuela

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Zarzuela (homonymie). Affiche de la zarzuela Doña Francisquita (créée en 1923). La zarzuela[1],[2] (prononcé [θaɾˈθwela]) est un genre théâtral lyrique espagnol né au XVIIe siècle. Par sa formule, qui associe action théâtrale, orchestre, chants et dialogues parlés[3], elle s’apparente à l’opéra-comique français ou au singspiel allemand, genres qui, eux, n’apparaîtront qu’un siècle plus tard. Il a été recensé quelque 20...

 

1777 aux États-Unis

Pour des articles plus généraux, voir Chronologie des États-Unis et 1777. Éphémérides Ce fut le premier drapeau des États-Unis. Selon la légende, il a été créé par Betsy Ross. Il fut en service du 14 juin 1777 au 1er mai 1795.Chronologie des États-Unis 1774 1775 1776  1777  1778 1779 1780Décennies aux États-Unis :1740 1750 1760  1770  1780 1790 1800 Chronologie dans le monde 1774 1775 1776  1777  1778 1779 1780Décennies :1740 1750 1760 ...

 

Shirley MacLaine

Shirley MacLaine Shirley MacLaine en 1960. Données clés Nom de naissance Shirley MacLean Beaty Naissance 24 avril 1934 (90 ans)Richmond, Virginie (États-Unis) Nationalité Américaine Films notables Sierra torride Mais qui a tué Harry ?Comme un torrentLa GarçonnièreIrma la DouceTendres Passions Séries notables Downton Abbey Site internet Shirley MacLaine.com modifier Shirley MacLaine [ˈʃɜrli məˈkleɪn][1], née Shirley MacLean Beaty, le 24 avril 1934 à Richmond...

Udinese Calcio 2024-2025

Questa voce o sezione tratta di una competizione calcistica in corso. Le informazioni possono pertanto cambiare rapidamente con il progredire degli eventi. Se vuoi scrivere un articolo giornalistico sull'argomento, puoi farlo su Wikinotizie. Non aggiungere speculazioni alla voce. Voce principale: Udinese Calcio. Udinese CalcioStagione 2024-2025Sport calcio Squadra Udinese Allenatore Kosta Runjaić All. in seconda Malecki Przemyslaw Pawel Presidente Franco Soldati Serie A6º (in corso) C...

 

Saint-Mards-de-Fresne

Saint-Mards-de-FresnecomuneSaint-Mards-de-Fresne – Veduta LocalizzazioneStato Francia Regione Normandia Dipartimento Eure ArrondissementBernay CantoneBeuzeville TerritorioCoordinate49°04′N 0°27′E49°04′N, 0°27′E (Saint-Mards-de-Fresne) Altitudine162 e 194 m s.l.m. Superficie13,67 km² Abitanti354[1] (2009) Densità25,9 ab./km² Altre informazioniCod. postale27230 Fuso orarioUTC+1 Codice INSEE27564 CartografiaSaint-Mards-de-Fresne Modifica dat...