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Boron triiodide^[1]
Names
	IUPAC name triiodoborane
Identifiers
CAS Number	13517-10-7 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	75378 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.033.492
PubChem CID	83546;
RTECS number	ED7400000;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID0065519 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/BI3/c2-1(3)4 Key: YMEKEHSRPZAOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/BI3/c2-1(3)4 Key: YMEKEHSRPZAOGO-UHFFFAOYAR;
	SMILES IB(I)I;
Properties
Chemical formula	BI3
Molar mass	391.52 g/mol
Appearance	crystalline solid
Density	3.35 g/cm3 (50 °C)
Melting point	49.9 °C (121.8 °F; 323.0 K)
Boiling point	210 °C (410 °F; 483 K)
Solubility in water	soluble,hydrolysis
Solubility	soluble in CCl4, CS2, benzene, chloroform
Dipole moment	0D
Structure
Crystal structure	hexagonal
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)	71 J/mol K
Std molar; entropy (S⦵298)	200 J/mol K
Std enthalpy of; formation (ΔfH⦵298)	-37.2 kJ/mol
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	3 0 0
Flash point	−18 °C (0 °F; 255 K)
Safety data sheet (SDS)	Sigma-Aldrich
Related compounds
Related compounds	Boron trifluoride; Boron trichloride; Boron tribromide
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Boron triiodide is a chemical compound of boron and iodine with chemical formula BI₃. It has a trigonal planar molecular geometry.

Preparation

Boron triiodide can be prepared by the reaction of boron with iodine at 209.5 °C or 409.1 °F.^{[citation needed]} It can also be prepared by reacting hydroiodic acid with boron trichloride:

3HI + BCl₃ → BI₃ + 3HCl (reaction requires high temperature)

Another method is by reacting lithium borohydride with iodine. As well as boron triiodide, this reaction also produces lithium iodide, hydrogen and hydrogen iodide:^[2]

3LiBH₄ + 8I₂ → 3LiI + 3BI₃ + 4H₂ + 4HI

Properties

In its pure state, boron triiodide forms colorless, otherwise reddish, shiny, air and hydrolysis-sensitive^[3] crystals, which have a hexagonal crystal structure (a = 699.09 ± 0.02 pm, c = 736.42 ± 0.03 pm, space group P6₃/m (space group no. 176)).^[4] Boron triiodide is a strong Lewis acid and soluble in carbon disulfide.^[2]

Boron triiodide reacts with water and decomposes to boric acid and hydriodic acid:

BI₃ + 3H₂O ⇌ B(OH)₃ + 3HI

Its dielectric constant is 5.38 and its heat of vaporization is 40.5 kJ/mol. At extremely high pressures, BI₃ becomes metallic at ~23 GPa and is a superconductor above ~27 GPa.^[5]

Applications

Boron triiodide can be used to produce other chemical compounds and as a catalyst (for example in coal liquefaction).^[6]

References

^ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
^ ^a ^b Handbuch der präparativen anorganischen Chemie. 2 (3., umgearb. Aufl ed.). Stuttgart: Enke. 1978. ISBN 978-3-432-87813-3.
^ "Beiträge zur Chemie der Bor-Stickstoff-Verbindungen" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-09-23. Retrieved 2023-09-19.
^ Albert, Barbara; Schmitt, Konny (May 2001). "Die Kristallstruktur von Bortriiodid, BI3". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie (in German). 627 (5): 809–810. doi:10.1002/1521-3749(200105)627:5<809::AID-ZAAC809>3.0.CO;2-J. ISSN 0044-2313.
^ Hamaya, Nozomu; Ishizuka, Miyuki; Onoda, Suzue; Guishan, Jiang; Ohmura, Ayako; Shimizu, Katsuya (2010). "Pressure-induced phase transition, metallization, and superconductivity in boron triiodide". Physical Review B. 82 (9): 094506. Bibcode:2010PhRvB..82i4506H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.82.094506.
^ "Kohleverflüssigung – Innovations Report". www.innovations-report.de. Retrieved 2023-09-19.