A balairung is a village hall of the Minangkabau people of West Sumatra, Indonesia. It has a similar architectural form to the rumah gadang, the domestic architecture of the Minangkabau people. Whereas a rumah gadang is a proper building, the balairung is a pavilion-like structure used solely for holding a consensus decision-making process in the Minang society.
According to the Minangkabau Dictionary, a balairung is a building where a decision-making consensus is held, led by the chief (penghulu) of the adat society (ninik mamak). Balairung is derived from the words balai ("pavilion") and rung ("building"), referring to the traditional pavilion-like wooden architecture of the building.[1]
The term balairung has been incorporated into the Indonesian language in general. The Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language defines the balairung as a balai ("pavilion") or a large pendapa where the king meets with his people (bangsal kencana is the Yogyakarta-Surakarta equivalent). In modern times, any kind of hall was named balairung, e.g., the balairung building of the University of Indonesia, which is the main hall of the university and the largest building in the campus.[2]
A balairung has the same form as a rumah gadang, employing a dramatic curved roof structure with multi-tiered, upswept gables. Similar to the rumah gadang, balairung is designed as a raised stage house, supported by posts.[3] and its walls (if they exist) are similarly decorated with carvings of painted floral patterns.
The main difference between a balairung and a rumah gadang is that the layout of the interior is not divided into rooms; instead, it is designed as one room as a whole used for a communal function. Consequently, a balairung lacks panels for the door and shutters for the windows. Many balairungs do not have a wall at all.[4] With no wall, more people can join the meeting from the outside of the balairung.[4] Access to a balairung is provided by a single portal in the middle of the building, linked to the ground with a staircase.[3]
A balairung may be built with an anjung, a kind of raised platform at the two ends of the balairung building. This raised platform is where the penghulu pucuak should be seated.[4] Some balairungs are built with the floor situated at the same level, lacking the anjung. In other types of balairung, such as the balairung koto piliang, the middle part of the building contains no floor, allowing the horse of the penghulu to pass through. The part where the floor disappears is known as labuan gajah.[4]
The balairung is a wooden building where the group of chiefs, or penghulu, collected under the name of ninik mamak, leading a meeting to solve village affairs. According to its function, a balairung can be divided into two types: the balai saruang and the balai pasujian. A balai saruang is used to hold meetings which resolve disputes or give punishment to a person. The balai pasujian (a pavilion to prepare) is a platform where a mutual consultation is held before implementing new laws in the village.[5]
A balairung can only be built in a village that has already received the nagari status (administrative village). Therefore, the balairung acts as a kind of town hall for the village.[4]
В Википедии есть статьи о других людях с фамилией Кобем. Элеанора Кобемангл. Eleanor Cobham герцогиня Глостер (по мужу) 1428/1431 — 1441 Рождение около 1400 Смерть 7 июля 1452(1452-07-07)Бомарис, Англси, Уэльс или Пил, остров Мэн, Королевство Англия Род Кобемы Отец Реджинальд Кобем, 3-й барон К…
رئيس وزراء العراق قائمة رؤساء وزراء العراقشعار العراق شاغل المنصب محمد شياع السوداني منذ 28 أكتوبر 2022 عن المنصب المعين رئيس جمهورية العراق مدة الولاية 4 سنوات تأسيس المنصب 11 تشرين الأول 1920 أول حامل للمنصب عبد الرحمن الكيلاني النقيب[1] الموقع الرسمي http://www.pmo.iq/ تعديل مصدري -…
Rags to RichesIklan surat kabarSutradara Wallace Worsley Produser Harry Rapf Ditulis oleh Walter DeLeon William Nigh SkenarioWalter DeLeonWilliam NighCeritaGrace Miller WhitePemeranWesley BarryNiles WelchRuth RenickRussell SimpsonMinna RedmanRichard TuckerPenyuntingClarence KolsterPerusahaanproduksiHarry Rapf ProductionsDistributorWarner Bros.Tanggal rilis 24 September 1922 (1922-09-24) Durasi70 menitNegara Amerika Serikat BahasaFilm bisu dengan antar judul Inggris Anggaran$96.000[1]…
Policy or ideology of extending a nation's rule over foreign nations For other uses, see Imperialism (disambiguation). Illustration representing Cecil Rhodes' plan of building railways across Africa, connecting Cape Town and Cairo, aimed at extending the British Empire.[1] Imperialism is the practice, theory or attitude of maintaining or extending power over foreign nations, particularly through expansionism, employing not only hard power (military and economic power) but also soft power…
Predefinição:Info/Yout Olympics Antígua e Barbuda Antígua e Barbuda participou dos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão da Juventude de 2010 em Cingapura. Sua delegação foi composta de quatro atletas que competiram em dois esportes. Atletismo Ver artigo principal: Atletismo nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão da Juventude de 2010 Evento Atleta Qualificação Final Resultado Posição Resultado Posição 400 m masculino Jalil Salmon 53.55 21º (6º q4)[1] 52.58 4º (Final C)[2] 3000 m feminino Kenryca…
Non-profit organization Charles-H. Schulz redirects here. Not to be confused with Charles M. Schulz. The Document FoundationFounded28 September 2010 (announced)17 February 2012 (legally established)FoundersExisting members of the OpenOffice.org communityTypeCommunityFocusOffice softwareLocationBerlin, GermanyProductsLibreOffice, Document Liberation ProjectKey peopleThorsten Behrens, Eliane Domingos de Sousa, Adam Fyne, Joel Madero, Michael Meeks, Björn Michaelsen, Fridrich Štrba, Andreas Mantk…
Río Congo Vista del río cerca de KisanganiUbicación geográficaCuenca Río CongoNacimiento Kundelengu, sur de ShabaDesembocadura Océano AtlánticoCoordenadas 6°04′30″S 12°27′00″E / -6.075, 12.45Ubicación administrativaPaís ZambiaRepública Democrática del Congo República Democrática del CongoRepública del Congo República del Congo Angola AngolaDivisión Kongo CentralCuerpo de aguaLongitud 4700 kmSuperficie de cuenca 3 700 0…
هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (أبريل 2019) ماتياس كول (بالألمانية: Matthias Kaul) معلومات شخصية الميلاد 29 يناير 1949 هامبورغ تاريخ الوفاة 1 يوليو 2020 (71 سنة) مواطنة ألمانيا الحياة الفنية المدرسة…
Para el conflicto bélico entre 1853 y 1856, véase Guerra de Crimea. Para las batallas en el marco de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, véanse Primera Batalla de Crimea, Batalla del Estrecho de Kerch y Batalla de Crimea (1944). La Guerra civil rusa en Crimea fue un período histórico de gran inestabilidad política y militar, que se inició tras la Revolución de octubre de 1917. Los tártaros de Crimea proclamaron su independencia del Imperio ruso, aunque en los años sucesivos y mientras duró…
Office skyscraper in Manhattan, New York 650 Fifth AvenueGeneral informationStatusCompletedLocation650 Fifth AvenueHeight490 feet (150 m)Technical detailsFloor count36 650 Fifth Avenue (earlier known as the Piaget Building and the Pahlavi Foundation Building) is a 36-story 150 m (490 ft) building on the edge of Rockefeller Center on 52nd Street in New York City. The building was designed by John Carl Warnecke & Associates[1] for the Pahlavi Foundation, an organization …
Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air DnieperBendungan dilihat dari Pulau Khortytsia.NegaraUkraineLokasiZaporizhzhiaKoordinat47°52′09″N 35°05′13″E / 47.86917°N 35.08694°E / 47.86917; 35.08694Koordinat: 47°52′09″N 35°05′13″E / 47.86917°N 35.08694°E / 47.86917; 35.08694 StatusBeroperasiMulai dibangun1927PemilikPerusahaan Energi UkrainaPengelolaUkrhydroenergo Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air Dnieper (bahasa Ukraina: Дніпро
Time of discovery of asteroids which came closer to Earth than the Moon in 2018 After closest approach: 54 (58.1%) < 24 hours before: 11 (11.8%) up to 7 days before: 26 (28.0%) > one week before: 0 (0.0%) > 7 weeks before: 0 (0.0%) > one year before: 2 (2.2%) Simulated animation of 2017 YE5, a binary system asteroid, which came within 15.5 lunar distances in June 2019 Below is the list of asteroid close approaches to Earth in 2018. Timeline o…
Vera de Moncayoفيرا دي مونكايو (بالإسبانية: Vera de Moncayo)[1] فيرا دي مونكايو فيرا دي مونكايو تقسيم إداري البلد إسبانيا[2] المنطقة أراغون المسؤولون المقاطعة سرقسطة خصائص جغرافية إحداثيات 41°49′30″N 1°41′15″W / 41.8249079°N 1.6874657°W / 41.8249079; -1.6874657[3] [4] المس…
Navis Gemeente in Oostenrijk Situering Deelstaat Tirol District Innsbruck Land Coördinaten 47° 8′ NB, 11° 32′ OL Algemeen Oppervlakte 64,13 km² Inwoners (01-01-2020) 2.044 (30,8 inw./km²) Hoogte 1337 m.ü.A. Burgemeester Cristoph Geir Overig Postcode 6145 Netnummer 05278 Kenteken IL Gemeentenummer 7 03 33 Website www.navis.tirol.gv.at Foto's Ligging van Navis in het district Innsbruck Land Portaal Centraal-Europa Navis is een gemeente in het district Innsbruck Land …
Joaquín Sucunza Biskup tytularny Saetabis Kraj działania Argentyna Data i miejsce urodzenia 15 lutego 1946 Pampeluna Biskup pomocniczy Buenos Aires Okres sprawowania od 2000 Wyznanie katolicyzm Kościół rzymskokatolicki Prezbiterat 27 listopada 1971 Nominacja biskupia 22 lipca 2000 Sakra biskupia 21 października 2000 Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons Sukcesja apostolska Data konsekracji 21 października 2000 Konsekrator Jorge Bergoglio Współkonsekratorzy Mario José SerraGuillermo Leade…
Gobō 御坊市Kota BenderaLambangLokasi Gobō di Prefektur WakayamaNegara JepangWilayahKansaiPrefektur WakayamaPemerintahan • Wali kotaGengo MiuraLuas • Total43,9 km2 (16,9 sq mi)Populasi (Oktober 1, 2015) • Total24.801 • Kepadatan564,9/km2 (1,463/sq mi)Zona waktuUTC+09:00Kode pos644-0002Simbol • PohonIlex rotunda • Pohon berbungaHibiscus hamaboNomor telepon0738-22-4111Alamat350…
British politician The Right HonourableThe Viscount ChaplinPCHenry Chaplin, 1908 portrait by Arthur Stockdale CopeChancellor of the Duchy of LancasterIn office24 June 1885 – 28 January 1886MonarchVictoriaPrime MinisterThe Marquess of SalisburyPreceded byGeorge TrevelyanSucceeded byEdward HeneagePresident of the Board of AgricultureIn office9 September 1889 – 11 August 1892MonarchVictoriaPrime MinisterThe Marquess of SalisburyPreceded byNew officeSucceeded byHerbert GardnerP…
Leang Pettaeᨒᨙᨕ ᨄᨛᨈᨕᨙGua Pattae, Leang Pattae, Gua PettaeLukisan-lukisan telapak tangan manusia prasejarah di dalam Leang PettaeLua error in Modul:Location_map at line 425: Kesalahan format nilai koordinat.LokasiKelurahan Leang-Leang, Kecamatan Bantimurung, Kabupaten Maros, Sulawesi Selatan, IndonesiaKoordinat04°58'44.6S 119°40'30.5E[1]Rentang tinggi50 mdplDitemukanHendrik Robbert van Heekeren (1950)Geologikarst / batu kapur / batu gampingSitus webvisit.maroskab.go.idca…
28th Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association AwardsDateDecember 19, 2022 (2022-12-19)LocationDallas, TexasCountryUnited StatesPresented byDallas–Fort Worth Film Critics AssociationWebsitedfwcritics.com ← 2021 · DFWFCA · 2023 → The 28th Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards, honoring the best in film for 2022, were announced on December 19, 2022.[1][2][3][4][5] These awards recognizing ex…
Chromium(III) acetate Names IUPAC name Chromium(III) acetate hydrate Other names chromic acetate,chromium triacetate, chromium(III) ethanoate Identifiers CAS Number 32591-52-9 Y 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image ChemSpider 13394 Y ECHA InfoCard 100.012.646 PubChem CID 14012 CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID4020327 InChI InChI=1/2C2H4O2.Cr/c2*1-2(3)4;/h2*1H3,(H,3,4);/q;;+2/p-2Key: LRCIYVMVWAMTKX-NUQVWONBAT SMILES O1C(C)=[O+][Cr-3]6(O23)([OH2+])([O+]=C(C)O4)[O+]=C(C)O[Cr-3]24([OH2+])(…
Lokasi Pengunjung: 3.142.43.42