Shōkera

Shōkera (Jepang: 精螻蛄 - roh jangkrik-tikuscode: ja is deprecated ) adalah yokai dalam cerita rakyat Jepang yang menghuni atap rumah dan kuil. Ia muncul untuk memangsa manusia yang berbuat tipu daya kepada para dewa.

Penampilan

Shōkera memiliki wujud iblis bertubuh besar dengan kulit gelap, memiliki tiga jari dan menghabiskan sebagian besar waktunya untuk mengintai dari atas atap. Shōkera diyakini sebagai sejenis iblis yang memiliki hubungan dengan Kōshin, sebuah agama yang dianut oleh rakyat esoteris Jepang yang berasal dari ajaran Taoisme. Shōkera hanya muncul pada malam-malam tertentu. Menurut kepercayaan Kōshin ia muncul setiap enam puluh hari sekali. Shōkera memata-matai orang yang hendak berbuat jahat melalui jendela, pintu, atau langit-langit rumah dan seketika menerkam korbannya.^[1]

Berdasarkan sumber dari Hyakkai Zukan, Gazu Hyakki Yagyō, dan sebagainya, shōkera muncul dengan gambar tanpa deskripsi penjelas, sehingga menyulitkan sastrawan untuk mengkategorisasikannya.

Asal

Menurut ajaran Kōshin, terdapat tiga serangga atau cacing spiritual, yang disebut sanshi, yang hidup di dalam setiap tubuh manusia. Setiap enam puluh malam, pada malam tertentu (kōshin machi), cacing-cacing tersebut meninggalkan tubuh manusia ketika inangnya tidur. Sanshi kemudian naik ke langit untuk melaporkan amalan baik dan buruk manusia yang dihinggapinya kepada Sepuluh-Tei (dewa surgawi). Dewa surgawi kemudian menggunakan informasi tersebut untuk memperpanjang atau memperpendek hidup orang-orang sesuai dengan perbuatan mereka. Sementara itu orang jahat yang kemungkinan akan dihukum mencoba untuk menghindar dengan tetap terjaga dan membaca doa sepanjang malam selama malam kōshin machi tersebut sehingga sanshi tidak dapat meninggalkan tubuh inangnya. Saat itulah shōkera mulai melakukan tugasnya dengan mengintai dari atas atap kemudian mengintip ke jendela, dan memburu siapa pun yang melanggar hukum surga.^[1]

Referensi

^ ^a ^b "Shōkera | Yokai.com" (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2022-02-17.

Bacaan lanjutan

Bane, Theresa (2016). Encyclopedia of Beasts and Monsters in Myth, Legend and Folklore. Tokyo: McFarland. ISBN 9780786495054.
Foster, Michael Dylan (2015). The Book of Yokai: Mysterious Creatures of Japanese Folklore. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520253629.
Papp, Zília (2010). Anime and Its Roots in Early Japanese Monster Art. Brill. ISBN 9789004202870.
Yoda, Hiroko (2013). Yokai Attack! The Japanese Monster Survival Guide. Tokyo: Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 9781462908837.

l b s Cerita rakyat Jepang
Cerita rakyat	Periuk Bunbuku · Kakek Pemekar Bunga · Issun-bōshi · Gunung Kachi-kachi · Kintarō · Momotarō · Pertarungan Monyet dan Kepiting · Lidah Pipit yang Terpotong · Putri Kaguya · Tamamo-no-Mae · Tuan Karung Beras · Urashima Tarō · Yotsuya Kaidan
Koleksi naskah	Konjaku Monogatarishū · Otogizōshi · Uji Shūi Monogatari
Makhluk legenda	Abura-akago Abura-sumashi Aka Manto Akaname Akashita Akateko Akuma Amabie Amanojaku Amazake-babaa Amefurikozō Ameonna Amikiri Aobōzu Aonyōbō Aosaginohi Ashinagatenaga Ayakashi Azukiarai Bake-kujira Bakeneko Baku Basan Binbōgami Chimimōryō Daidarabotchi Dodomeki Dragon Enenra Funayūrei Furaribi Fūri Futakuchi-onna Gagoze Gashadokuro Goryō Hanako-san Harionago Hibagon Hiderigami Hitogitsune Hitotsume-kozō Hitotsume-nyūdō Hone-onna Hyōsube Ikiryō Ikuchi Inugami Ishinagenjo Isonade Janjanbi Jinmenju Jorōgumo Jubokko Kamaitachi Kamikiri Kappa Kasha Kawauso Keukegen Kijimuna Kinoko Kirin Kitsune Hakuzōsu Kitsunebi Kodama Komainu Konaki-jiji Koro-pok-guru Koromodako Kuchisake-onna Kuda-gitsune Kudan Kyubi Mikaribaba Mikoshi-nyūdō Miage-nyūdō Misaki Mizuchi Mokumokuren Momiji Momonjī Mononoke Mōryō Mu-onna Mujina Namahage Namazu Nekomata Ningyo Noderabō Noppera-bō Nue Nuppeppō Nurarihyon Nure-onna Nurikabe Nyūdō-bōzu Obake Oboroguruma Oiwa Okiku Ōmukade Oni Ibaraki-dōji Kijo/Onibaba Kidōmaru Rashōmon no oni Shuten-dōji Onibi Onikuma Onryō Ōnyūdō Osaki Otoroshi Ouni Okubi Ohaguro-Bettari Raijū Rokurokubi Samebito Sankai Satori Sazae-oni Shachihoko Shidaidaka Shikigami Shinigami Shiranui Shirime Shiryō Shōjō Shōkera Sōjōbō Sunekosuri Takaonna Tanuki Danzaburou-danuki Inugami Gyoubu Shibaemon-tanuki Yashima no Hage-tanuki Ten Tengu Tennin Tenome Tesso Tōfu-kozō Tsuchigumo Tsuchinoko Tsukumogami Abumi-guchi Bakezōri Biwa-bokuboku Boroboroton Chōchin-obake Ittan-momen Kasa-obake Koto-furunushi Menreiki Ungaikyō Tsurubebi Tsurara-onna Tsurube-otoshi Ubagabi Ubume Umi zatō Umibōzu Ushi-oni Uwan Waira Wanyūdō Yamabiko Yamawaro Yamajijii Yama-uba Yanari Yobuko Yōkai Yōsei Yosuzume Yuki-onna Yume no seirei Yūrei Zashiki-warashi
Folkloris	Kunio Yanagita Keigo Seki Lafcadio Hearn Shigeru Mizuki Inoue Enryō

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