濁硬腭塞音

濁硬腭塞音
ɟ
IPA編號108
編碼
HTML碼(十進制)ɟ
Unicode碼(十六進制)U+025F
X-SAMPA音標J\
ASCII音標J
IPA盲文英语IPA Braille⠔ (braille pattern dots-35)⠚ (braille pattern dots-245)
音頻範例
濁硬腭塞擦音
ɟ͡ʝ
IPA編號108 139
編碼
HTML碼(十進制)ɟ​͡​ʝ
Unicode碼(十六進制)U+025F U+0361 U+029D
X-SAMPA音標J\_j\
音頻範例

濁硬腭塞音(voiced palatal stop、voiced palatal plosive)是子音的一種,其國際音標符號為ɟ,而X-SAMPA符號則為J\/ɟ/印度-雅利安語支內一般被用來表示濁齒齦後塞擦音

特徵

濁硬腭塞音的特徵:

见于

腭音或齿-腭音

语言 单词 国际音标 意义 注释
排灣語 djemavac [ɟemavats] 走路
阿尔巴尼亚语[1] gjuha [ˈɟuha] 舌头 在标准阿尔巴尼亚语中和[d͡ʒ]合流。
阿拉伯语 一些北部 也门阿拉伯语方言[2] جمل [ˈɟamal] 骆驼 [d͡ʒ ~ ʒ ~ ɡ]的其它变体对立。参见阿拉伯语音系
部分苏丹阿拉伯语使用者[2]
上埃及[2]
巴斯克语 anddere [äɲɟe̞ɾe̞] 玩偶
阿拉米语 一些亚述新阿拉米语使用者 ܓܲܒ݂ܪܵܐ / gavrɑ [ɟoːrɑ] 丈夫 和其他方言中的/ɡ//d͡ʒ/对立。
一些北部方言使用者 ܓܲܒ݂ܪܵܐ / gavrɑ [ɟaʊrɑ] 丈夫 和其他方言中的/ɡ//d͡ʒ/对立。
加泰罗尼亚语 巴利阿里方言[3] guix [ˈɟi̞ɕ] 白垩 /ɡ/的其它变体对立。参见加泰罗尼亚语音系
吳语 台州话 [ɟyoŋ] 一起
科西嘉语 fighjulà [viɟɟuˈla]
捷克语 dělám [ˈɟɛlaːm] 我做 参见捷克语音系
丁卡语 jir [ɟir]
Ega[4] [ɟé] 变多
法语[5] gui [ɟi] 槲寄生 范围从齿龈到硬腭有多个闭合点。参见法语音系
弗留利语 gjat [ɟat]
卢干达语 jjajja [ɟːaɟːa] 祖父
匈牙利语[6] gyám [ɟäːm] 护卫 参见匈牙利语音系
爱尔兰语 Gaeilge [ˈɡeːlʲɟə] 爱尔兰语 参见爱尔兰语音系
拉脱维亚语 ģimene [ˈɟime̞ne̞] 家族 参见拉脱维亚语音系
马其顿语 раѓање [ˈraɟaɲɛ] 出生 参见马其顿语音系
挪威语 中部方言[7] fadder [fɑɟːeɾ] 教父母 参见挪威语音系
北部方言[7]
奥克语 奥弗涅方言 diguèt [ɟiˈɡɛ] 说(第三人称单数) 参见奥克语音系
利穆赞方言 dissèt [ɟiˈʃɛ]
葡萄牙语 部分巴西使用者 pedinte [piˈɟ̟ĩc̟i̥] 乞丐 /d//i/前的塞擦化同位异音对立的情况常见于巴西。[8]参见葡萄牙語音系
斯洛伐克语[9] ďaleký [ˈɟ̟äɫɛ̝kiː] 龈腭音。[9]参见 斯洛伐克语音系
土耳其语 güneş [ɟyˈne̞ʃ] 太阳 参见土耳其語音系
越南语 河内方言 da [ɟa˧] 皮肤 参见越南語音系

腭后音

语言 单词 国际音标 意义 注释
加泰罗尼亚语[10] guix [ˈɡ̟i̞ɕ] 白垩 /ɡ/前元音前的同位异音。[10] 参见加泰罗尼亚语音系
希腊语[11] μετάγγιση / metággisi [me̞ˈtɐŋ̟ɟ̠is̠i] 输血 腭后音。[11]参见现代希腊语音系
意大利语 标准音[12] ghianda [ˈɡ̟jän̪ːd̪ä] 橡子 龈后音; /ɡ//i, e, ɛ, j/前的同位异音。[12]参见意大利語音系
葡萄牙语 amiguinho [ɐmiˈɡ̟ĩɲu] 小家伙 /ɡ/在前元音前的同位异音。参见葡萄牙語音系
罗马尼亚语[13] ghimpe [ˈɡ̟impe̞] 荆棘 /ɡ//i, e, j/前记作/ɡʲ/的同位异音。[13]参见罗马尼亚语音系
俄语 标准口音[14] герб / gerb [ɡ̟e̞rp] 盾徽 转写为⟨ɡʲ⟩。参见俄语音系
西班牙语[15] guía [ˈɡ̟i.ä] 指导手册 /ɡ/在前元音前的同位异音。[15]参见西班牙语音系
Yanyuwa[16] [ɡ̠uɡ̟uɭu] 神圣 后腭音。[16]和普通硬腭音、前鼻化变体对立。

变体

语言 单词 国际音标 意义 注释
英语[17][18] geese [ɡ̟iːs] /ɡ/在前元音和/j/前的同位异音。有硬腭音和腭后音的对立。[17][18] 参见英语音系

註釋

  1. ^ Newmark, Hubbard & Prifti (1982),第10頁.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Watson (2002),第16頁.
  3. ^ Recasens & Espinosa (2005),第1頁.
  4. ^ Connell, Ahoua & Gibbon (2002),第100頁.
  5. ^ Recasens (2013),第11–13頁.
  6. ^ Ladefoged (2005),第164頁.
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Skjekkeland (1997),第105–107頁.
  8. ^ Palatalization in Brazilian Portuguese revisited. [2014-04-06]. (原始内容存档于2014-04-07). 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 Hanulíková & Hamann (2010),第374頁.
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 Rafel (1999),第14頁.
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 Arvaniti (2007),第20頁.
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 Canepari (1992),第62頁.
  13. ^ 13.0 13.1 Sarlin (2014),第17頁.
  14. ^ Yanushevskaya & Bunčić (2015),第223頁.
  15. ^ 15.0 15.1 Canellada & Madsen (1987),第20頁.
  16. ^ 16.0 16.1 Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996),第34-35頁.
  17. ^ 17.0 17.1 Gimson (2014),第181頁.
  18. ^ 18.0 18.1 Mannell, Cox & Harrington (2009).

參考資料

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