擂琴

擂琴
樂器別名雷琴、擂胡、大弦子
分類民族樂器
音域
d/e -- 约2个八度 -- g2
相關樂器
坠胡板胡椰胡
著名演奏家
宋东安

擂琴(“擂”字亦作“雷”),又称擂胡,是中国的传统拉弦乐器,由坠胡改造而成。擂琴音色独特、音量较大,善于模仿人声,独奏合奏均可。有大擂小擂两种。

起源

二十世纪二十年代末,由山东郓城艺人王殿玉(1899—1964)在坠胡基础上,加长琴杆、加大琴筒、改蒙蟒皮而成。最早称之为“大弦子”,“大雷”。1953年正式定名为“擂琴”。

构造

擂琴由坠胡发展而来,在构造上与其相似。擂琴琴杆窄而长,用红木花梨木制,表面为指板。琴头呈铲形,左右各置一弦轴,轴表面刻有瓣纹,轴顶嵌骨饰。琴筒大而短,铜制、圆形,蟒皮蒙面,后敞口。置琴码,张两弦。琴弓较二胡弓长,所拴马尾束较宽。有大、小两种。大者全长 110厘米,张钢丝弦;小者全长90厘米,张丝弦

定弦、记谱及音域

擂琴定弦不一,多根据演奏者习惯。但一般内外弦相距纯四度纯五度。大擂一般定为内弦e,外弦a或内弦d外弦a。小擂的定弦比大擂高八度

擂琴记谱用高音谱表,记谱比实音高八度

擂琴音域约为两个八度,大擂约从e(或d)--g2(实音),常用音域为a--e2。小擂音域整体高八度。音区差异不大。

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