冥界 (馬雅神話)

描繪冥界宮廷諸神的容器

冥界（音譯「席巴巴」、「希巴巴」，Xibalba），大致上可譯為「恐怖的場所」[1]，是馬雅神話中的死後世界，由死神及其從者統治。16世紀在維拉帕茲，冥界的入口在傳統上被認為是在科班付近的洞窟。此外，據說貝里斯付近的洞窟也是冥界的入口[2]。在馬雅的部分地區，銀河被視為通往冥界的道路[3]。

概要

根據馬雅聖書『波波烏』，冥界是地底的宮廷，由12柱神統治。死神中首要的是胡卡姆（Hun-Came）和武古卡姆（Vucub-Came）[4][5]。

其他10王被視為惡鬼，分掌各種人類的苦難，也就是疾病・飢餓・恐怖・貧困・痛苦、最後是死亡[1]。10王以2人1組活動。

  • Xiquiripat（飛行的痂）和Cuchumaquic（聚集的血）會使人的血液產生疾病。
  • Ahalpuh（膿之惡鬼）和Ahalgana（黃疸之惡鬼）會使人的身體浮腫。
  • Chamiabac（骨杖）和Chamiaholom（骷髏杖）會將屍體化為骨骸。
  • Ahalmez（掃除的惡鬼）和Ahaltocob（刺殺的惡鬼）會潛入住家未掃除之處，刺殺人。
  • Xic（翼）和Patan（背帶）會使行走的人吐血而死[4][5]。

沒落

冥界後來因為雙子神烏納普（Hunahpu）和斯巴蘭克（Xbalanque）而沒落。雙子英雄神打敗冥界之王，冥界因此而沒落，之後死神及其從者的狀態不明，但是仍永遠存在冥府的暗處。

參見

脚注

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Hooker, Richard. Native American Creation Stories. Washington State University. [2015-01-06]. （原始内容存档于2015-01-06）. 
  2. ^ Walker, Amélie A. My Trip to Xibalba and Back. Archaeological Institute of America. 2000-06 [2015-01-06]. （原始内容存档于2012-12-24）. 
  3. ^ Mizrach, Steve. The Mayan Sacbe System Analyzed as an Information Web. Florida International University. [2015-01-06]. （原始内容存档于2016-02-02）. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Popol Vuh: The Sacred Book of the Maya; The Great Classic of Central American Spirituality, Translated from the Original Maya Text by Allen J. Christenson (2007)
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Popol Vuh: Sacred Book of the Ancient Quiche Maya (Civilization of American Indian) by Adrian Recinos, Delia Goetz, David Goetze, and S.G. Morley, (1991)

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