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乙酰胆碱酯酶
乙酰胆碱酯酶
	蛋白質資料庫渲染的1b41;
有效结构
PDB	直系同源检索：PDBe, RCSB
PDB查询代码列表
	1B41, 1F8U, 1PUV, 1PUW, 1VZJ, 2CLJ, 2X8B, 3LII
标识
代号	ACHE; ARACHE; N-ACHE; YT
扩展标识	遗传学：100740 鼠基因：87876 同源基因：543 GeneCards: ACHE Gene
EC編號	3.1.1.7
基因本体论描述
分子功能	· beta-amyloid binding; · acetylcholinesterase activity; · acetylcholinesterase activity; · carboxylesterase activity; · cholinesterase activity; · cholinesterase activity; · protein binding; · collagen binding; · hydrolase activity; · serine hydrolase activity; · acetylcholine binding; · acetylcholine binding; · protein homodimerization activity; · protein homodimerization activity; · laminin-1 binding; · protein self-association;
细胞成分	· extracellular region; · extracellular region; · extracellular region; · basal lamina; · extracellular space; · nucleus; · endoplasmic reticulum lumen; · Golgi apparatus; · plasma membrane; · cell surface; · membrane; · cell junction; · axon; · dendrite; · anchored to membrane; · neuromuscular junction; · presynaptic membrane; · synaptic cleft; · synapse; · postsynaptic membrane; · perinuclear region of cytoplasm;
生物过程	· acetylcholine catabolic process in synaptic cleft; · regulation of receptor recycling; · osteoblast development; · DNA replication; · acetylcholine catabolic process; · cell adhesion; · cell adhesion; · synaptic transmission; · synaptic transmission, cholinergic; · nervous system development; · synapse assembly; · synapse assembly; · muscle organ development; · cell proliferation; · response to wounding; · choline metabolic process; · receptor internalization; · negative regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic; · neurotransmitter biosynthetic process; · amyloid precursor protein metabolic process; · neurotransmitter receptor biosynthetic process; · regulation of dendrite morphogenesis; · positive regulation of protein secretion; · regulation of axonogenesis; · regulation of synaptic transmission; · protein tetramerization; · retina development in camera-type eye;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA表达模式
	更多表达数据
直系同源体
物种	人类
Entrez	43
Ensembl	ENSG00000087085
UniProt	P22303
mRNA序列	NM_000665.3
蛋白序列	NP_000656.1
基因位置	Chr 7:; 100.49 – 100.49 Mb
PubMed查询	[1]
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乙酰胆碱酯酶
命名
系统命名
缩写
识别码
EC編號	3.1.1.7
CAS号	9000-81-1
数据库
IntEnz	IntEnz浏览
BRENDA（英语：BRENDA）	BRENDA入口
ExPASy（英语：ExPASy）	NiceZyme浏览
KEGG	KEGG入口
MetaCyc（英语：MetaCyc）	代谢路径
PRIAM（英语：PRIAM_enzyme-specific_profiles）	概述
PDB	RCSB PDB PDBj PDBe PDBsum
基因本体	AmiGO / EGO
搜索
PMC	相关文献
PubMed	相关文献

乙酰胆碱酯酶（acetylcholinesterase，AChE，AChase），EC 3.1.1.7，是催化神经递质乙酰胆碱降解（通过其水解活性）成胆碱和乙酸的酶；属于一种水解酶或丝氨酸蛋白酶或羧酸酯酶家族^[1]。

此酶主要存在于胆碱能（英语：Cholinergic）神经元、神经肌肉接头处、肌肉组织等，具终止乙酰胆碱对突触后膜兴奋作用，恢复突触后膜极化，可终止突触传递（英语：Neurotransmission）。

乙酰胆碱酯酶具有极高的水解活性——一分子的乙酰胆碱酯酶每秒钟可以水解25000分子的乙酰胆碱。经乙酰胆碱酯酶作用而产生的胆碱被重新利用——通过再攝取被转运进入神经末梢，在那里被重新利用以合成新的乙酰胆碱分子^[2]。

参考文献

^ 乙酰胆碱酯酶. 术语在线. 全国科学技术名词审定委员会. （简体中文）
^ Dale Purves, George J. Augustine, David Fitzpatrick, William C. Hall, Anthony-Samuel LaMantia, James O. McNamara, and Leonard E. White. Neuroscience. 4th ed.. Sinauer Associates. 2008: 121–2. ISBN 978-0-87893-697-7.

延伸阅读

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Soreq H, Seidman S. Acetylcholinesterase--new roles for an old actor. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2001, 2 (4): 294–302. PMID 11283752. doi:10.1038/35067589.
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Ordentlich A, Barak D, Kronman C et al. Contribution of aromatic moieties of tyrosine 133 and of the anionic subsite tryptophan 86 to catalytic efficiency and allosteric modulation of acetylcholinesterase. J. Biol. Chem. 1995, 270 (5): 2082–91. PMID 7836436. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.5.2082.
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