XB-19轟炸機

Douglas XB-19
概觀
類型重型轟炸機
乘員16名戰鬥人員，還有2名飛行機械師和6名救援人員
首飛1941年6月27日
退役1946年8月17日
生產道格拉斯飛行器公司
產量1架
現況已退役，報廢
主要用戶美國陸軍航空軍
技术数据
長度132ft4in(40.34m)[1]
翼展212ft0in(64.62m)
高度42ft0in(12.80m)
翼面積4,285sq ft(398.1m²)
空重86,000lb(39,009kg)
正常起飛重量140,000lb(63,503kg)
最大起飛重量162,000lb(73,482kg)
發動機4具萊特R-3350-5 Duplex旋風（英语：Wright R-3350 Duplex-Cyclone）18缸風冷徑向活塞發動機
推力每具2,000hp(1,500kW)
性能數據
最大速度224mph(360km/h,195kn)
巡航速度135mph(217km/h,117kn)
爬升率650ft/min(3.3m/s)
最大升限23,000ft(7,000m)
最大航程5,200mi(8,400km,4,500nmi)
武器装备
機槍5挺0.5in(12.70mm)白朗寧M2重機槍
6挺0.3in(7.62mm)白朗寧M1919中型機槍
機炮2挺37mm(1.457in)M4機炮（英语：M4 autocannon）
炸彈內部搭載:18,700lb(8,500kg)，總搭載:37,100lb(16,800kg)

Douglas XB-19是一款由道格拉斯飛行器公司在19世紀40年代初為美國陸軍航空軍製造的四發活塞驅動重型轟炸機。該設計最初被命名為XBLR-2（XBLR 表示「遠程實驗轟炸機」）。該機在1946年之前為美國空軍最大的轟炸機，而後被B-36和平締造者轟炸機超越。

發展

位於戴維斯-蒙森空軍基地準備報廢的XB-19A

XB-19計畫旨在測試巨型轟炸機的飛行特性和設計技術。儘管技術的進步使得XB-19在完成之前就已經過時了，但美國陸軍航空兵團相信該原型機對於測試很有用，儘管道格拉斯飛機公司希望取消這個昂貴的項目。[a]該機建造了很長時間，以至於完工時甚至只在XB-35和XB-36競爭合約發生前兩個月。

該機於1941年6月27日首飛，距建造合約已三年多。1942年1月至11月期間，其基地位於萊特機場（英语：Wilbur Wright Field）。[3][b]1943年，費希博德（英语：Fisher Body）的飛機部門將萊特R-3350發動機（英语：Wright R-3350 Duplex-Cyclone）更換為液冷式W24艾里遜V-3420-11（英语：Allison V-3420），以支援XB-39專案。[5][6]作為該計劃的一部分，它配備了發動機驅動的動力輔助裝置。[7][8] 完成測試後，XB-19被改裝為貨機，但改裝並未完成，飛機於 1946年8月17日進行最後一次飛行。最終於1949年6月在圖森報廢。[9][10]

美國空軍曾計劃保存B-19以供展示，但1949年空軍並沒有保存退役飛機的計劃，空軍博物館也尚未建成。[11][12] B-19因此被報廢，但它的兩個巨大的主輪胎保存了下來。[c]一個在猶他州奧格登希爾空軍基地的希爾航空航天博物館（英语：Hill Air Force Base）展出，另一個在位於俄亥俄州代頓的美國空軍國家博物館。[14]

參考

3-view line drawing of the Douglas XB-19
3-view line drawing of the Douglas XB-19

註腳

  1. ^ The cost of the aircraft was estimated at $3,250,000 in 1941.[2]
  2. ^ While there, it took part in tests to measure noise levels inside aircraft.[4]
  3. ^ The tires measured 96 inches in diameter.[13]

註記

  1. ^ Francillon, René J. McDonnell Douglas aircraft since 1920 : Volume I. London: Naval Institute Press. 1988: 307–312. ISBN 0870214284. 
  2. ^ The Job of Air Corps Test Pilots, Air Corps Newsletter, 1941-07-01: 23 [2021-01-09] 
  3. ^ Final Report: Investigation of Concrete Pavements on Different Subgrades (报告). Ohio River Division Laboratories: 7. January 1946 [2022-02-15]. （原始内容存档于2023-12-24）. 
  4. ^ Beranek, Leo L.; Nichols, Rudolph H.; Rudmose, H. Wayne; Sleeper, Harvey P.; Wallace, Robert L.; Ericson, Harold L. Principles of Sound Control in Airplanes (报告). Office of Scientific Research and Development, National Defense Research Committee: 68. 1944 [2022-02-15]. （原始内容存档于2023-12-23）. 
  5. ^ Aircraft Program Operating Report, Fisher Body Division, General Motors Corporation: 59, [2022-02-15], （原始内容存档于2024-01-14） 
  6. ^ McSurely, Alexander. Data on XB-19 Installations Aid Army's Big Plane Program. Aviation News. Vol. 2 no. 22. 1944-12-25: 9–10 [2022-02-15]. 
  7. ^ Exner, D. W., Parallel Operation of Airplane Alternators, Technical Data Digest 10 (1) (Technical Data Library, Engineering Division), January 1944, 10 (1): 33–34 [2022-02-15], （原始内容存档于2023-12-07） 
  8. ^ Miner, J. D. High Frequency A.C. "Ups" Motor Performance. Aviation. Vol. 43 no. 9. September 1944: 126–127 [2022-02-15]. 
  9. ^ Kaplan, Philip. Big Wings: The Largest Aircraft Ever Built. Pen & Sword Aviation. 2005. ISBN 978-1844151783. 
  10. ^ Wagner, Ray. American Combat Planes of the 20th Century: A Comprehensive Reference. Reno, Nevada: Jack Bacon & Company. 2004. ISBN 0-930083-17-2. 
  11. ^ B-19 Arrives to Join Collection. Arizona Daily Star. 1946-08-18: 15 [2022-02-15]. （原始内容存档于2024-05-02）. 
  12. ^ Air Force's First Giant Bomber, XB-19, Now Being Demolished, Technical Data Digest 14 (16) (Central Air Documents Office, Navy–Air Force), 1949-08-15, 14 (16): 8 [2022-02-15], （原始内容存档于2023-12-07） 
  13. ^ Development of Retractable Landing Gear: They Tuck Themselves Away, Air Forces News Letter 24 (15) (Headquarters, Army Air Forces), September 1941, 24 (15): 15 [2022-02-15] 
  14. ^ XB-19 Main Landing Gear Wheel & Tire. National Museum of the United States Air Force. [2022-02-15]. （原始内容存档于2021-10-02）. 
外部视频链接
video icon Film of the first test flight on 27 June 1941
video icon Newsreel of the interior of the airplane

外部連結

维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：XB-19轟炸機

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