Windows文件保护

Windows文件保护（英語：Windows File Protection，缩写WFP）是Windows 2000和Windows XP中纳入Microsoft Windows操作系统的一个子系统，用于防止程序替换关键的Windows系统文件。保护核心系统文件可缓解程序和操作系统的DLL地獄等问题。Windows 2000、Windows XP和Windows Server 2003包含WFP；Windows Me中则其称为系统文件保护（System File Protection，缩写SFP）。[1][2]

原理

Windows文件保护处于活动状态时，替换或删除没有文件锁定的系统文件会使Windows立即静默恢复文件的原始副本。文件的原始版本取自一个保存相关文件备份的缓存文件夹。Windows NT系列使用缓存文件夹%SystemRoot%\System32\Dllcache。Windows Me使用%windir%\Options\Install文件夹。[3]

WFP涵盖操作系统安装的所有文件（诸如DLL、EXE、SYS、OCX等），使这些文件不被删除或替换为旧版本。这些文件的数字签名使用代码签名，并存储在%SystemRoot%\system32\CatRoot\{F750E6C3-38EE-11D1-85E5-00C04FC295EE}文件夹。仅Package Installer（Update.exe）或Windows Installer（Msiexec.exe）等部分操作系统组件能替换这些文件。使用其他任何方法尝试替换这些文件都将触发还原机制，使文件静默复原为缓存中的版本。如果Windows文件保护在缓存文件夹中找不到该文件，将会搜索网络或提示用户提供Windows安装盘以恢复文件的适当版本。[1]

Windows Vista及后续版本的Windows系统不含“Windows文件保护”组件，改用基于存取控制串列（ACL）保护文件的Windows资源保护组件。Windows资源保护不仅保护操作系统文件，同时保护核心注册表项和值，并阻止可能破坏系统配置的更改。

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Overview of Windows File Protection. [2022-03-19]. （原始内容存档于2006-08-21）. 
  2. ^ Registry settings for Windows File Protection. [2022-03-19]. （原始内容存档于2015-02-11）. 
  3. ^ Overview of System File Protection (Windows Me). [2022-03-19]. （原始内容存档于2012-10-21）. 

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