4K解析度

Sony 4K攝影機

4K解析度4K resolution),或簡稱作4K,是指显示器或顯示內容的水平(横向)显示大约4096像素左右的分辨率[1],亦即横向解像度達到4000像素的級別、而纵向解像度達到2000像素的級別[2]

現時在數位電視及數位攝影的領域裡,數位電視數位電影通常使用几种不同的4K分辨率。在电视和消费的媒体中,3840×2160(4K UHD)是主流的4K标准,而电影放映行业使用的是4096×2160(DCI英语Digital Cinema Initiatives 4K)。

历史

4K解析度短片
解析度对比

2003年,加拿大Dalsa公司推出一款4K级别的数字电影摄影机Dalsa Origin,是世界上首部商业用途的4K摄像机[3]

2004 年 7 月 1 日,由好莱坞 7 大电影公司组成的 DCI 数字电影推进联盟(Digital Cinema Initiative)修订并推出了其技术文档4.0行业标准,规定的数字影院清晰度分为两级,即 DCI 2K(2048×1080,每秒24帧或48帧)和 DCI 4K(4096×2160像素,每秒24帧),其中 DCI 4K(4096×2160)的信息量则是高清电视的4倍多。[4]

YouTube在2010年7月開始提供一些4K解析度的短片供在线瀏覽,同時也允許已註冊用戶上傳超過1080p解析度的影片[5]

索尼在2004年推出4K电影放映机[6],2012年推出4K家庭影院电影放映机[7]。Mastered in 4K,索尼作為4K的重要推動者,為了應對4K電視推廣期片源稀少所產生雞與蛋的問題——即如果沒有足夠片源就沒有人會購買高價的4K設備,無法大量生產又會造成售價高昂和推廣困難——自2014年起開始推出Mastered in 4K格式的藍光光碟影片。其原理是以4K掃瞄母帶後再轉換成2K解像度的藍光光碟[8],由於部分片種拍攝時已經以4K攝影機攝製,因此廠方聲稱以4K TV去播放這些光碟將有更出色的精細度和顏色真實效果,作為一種過渡期產品,所有傳統藍光播放器都能放映這種影片,因為其並非真實的4K原生3840*2160解析度而依然是傳統1920*1080解析度。[9]

2012 年的国际消费电子产品展览会(CES)上,部分厂商在展出其次世代显示设备时使用了“4K”一词。2012年4月,韩国四家主要电视台(KBS、MBC、SBS和EBS)使用66频道试播4K节目,但此时4K的相关标准尚未确定。

2012年8月23日,国际电信联盟(ITU)发布了超高清电视的国际标准:ITU-R Recommendation BT.2020 (ITU-R BT.2020),标志4K电视开始步入正轨。

2013 年的 CES 展会上,越来越多的厂商开始使用“超高清分辨率”(UHD)来取代“4K”一词。“超高清分辨率”英文原文为“Ultra High Definition”,缩写为UHD或UltraHD,是国际电信联盟(ITU)定义的术语。[4]

規格

電視/電影/影片4K解析度

  • 解析度有2種規格:3840×2160和4096×2160畫素。
  • 如下:
4K TV (3840×2160)
1080
(1920×1080)
1080
(1920×1080)
1080
(1920×1080)
1080
(1920×1080)
數位電影標準[10]
標準 解析度 長寬比 像素
Full Aperture 4K 4096 × 3112 1.32:1 12,746,752
Academy 4K 3656 × 2664 1.37:1 9,739,584
Digital cinema 4K 4096 × 1714 2.39:1 7,020,544
Digital cinema 4K 4096 × 2160 1.85:1 8,631,360
後製數位影片解析度
標準 解析度 長寬比 PAR 像素
Full Aperture 4K 4096 × 3072 4:3 1:1 12,582,912
Academy 4K 3656 × 2664 1.37:1 1:1 9,739,584
4K DLP CINEMA (Texas Instruments)

手機螢幕4K解析度

手機 4K 螢幕 解析度
標準 解析度 長寬比 像素
4K 顯示幕 3840 × 2160 16:9 8,294,400
CinemaWide™ 4K 顯示幕 3840 × 1644 21:9 6,312,960
  • Xperia 日本官網附註21:9 比例 解析度: 水平3840画素×垂直1644画素(非主流電視/電影/影片4K解像度標準,基於索尼與國際資訊顯示學會 SID 標準合定)[11]
  • Xperia 台灣官網附註16:9 比例 解析度[12]

录制

好处

以 4K 标准录制视频的主要优点是可以很好地解析精细的空间细节。[13]从 3840×2160 像素的视频片段中提取的单个静止帧可以用作 830 万像素的静止照片,而 1080p 时仅为 210 万像素,720p 时仅为 90 万像素。

比特率

消费类相机和手机以比 1080p(通常为 10 到 30 Mbit/s)高得多的比特率(通常为 50 到 100 Mbit/s)记录 2160p 素材。即使在分辨率低于 2160p 的显示器上查看, 这种更高的比特率也会降低压缩失真的可见性。

產品應用

參見

參考資料

  1. ^ Goulekas, Karen. Visual Effects in a Digital World. 摩根·考夫曼. 2001: 587. ISBN 9780080520711. 4K resolution: A general term referring to any digital image containing an X resolution of approximately 4096 pixels. 
  2. ^ The Ultimate Guide to 4K Ultra HD, Ultra HDTV Magazine, [2013-10-27], (原始内容存档于2015-03-24) 
  3. ^ Frost, Jacqueline B. Cinematography for Directors: A Guide for Creative Collaboration. Michael Wiese Productions. 2009: 199 [21 January 2014]. ISBN 1615930191. (原始内容存档于2014-02-03). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 超高清4K是什么?. www.asmag.com.cn. 2016-05-03 [2024-02-05]. (原始内容存档于2024-02-05). 
  5. ^ Ramesh Sarukkai. What's bigger than 1080p? 4K video comes to YouTube. 2010-07-09 [2010-07-09]. (原始内容存档于2011-07-16). 
  6. ^ Sony Unveils New "4k" Digital Cinema Projector. Press Release. ProjectorCentral.com. June 3, 2004 [24 May 2014]. (原始内容存档于2018-06-18). 
  7. ^ Darren Quick. Sony releases world's first 4K home theater projector. Gizmag. May 31, 2012 [24 May 2014]. (原始内容存档于2016-07-23). 
  8. ^ What is Mastered in 4K?. [2015-09-27]. (原始内容存档于2017-06-24). 
  9. ^ ultrahdtv.net. [2015-09-27]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-07). 
  10. ^ 4K resolution Definition from PC Magazine Encyclopedia. PC Magazine. 1994-12-01 [2010-05-28]. (原始内容存档于2012-09-08). 
  11. ^ Xperia 1 III display| Sony JP. [2021-04-23]. (原始内容存档于2021-06-02). 
  12. ^ Xperia XZ Premium| Sony TW. [2021-04-23]. (原始内容存档于2021-05-16). 
  13. ^ Wootton, Cliff. A Practical Guide to Video and Audio Compression: From Sprockets and Rasters to Macroblocks. Taylor & Francis. 2005. ISBN 978-0-240-80630-3 (英语). 

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