马拉雅拉姆语

马拉雅拉姆语
മലയാളം malayāḷaṁmalayalam
发音[mʌlʌjɑ:ɭʌm]; pronunciation
母语国家和地区印度
区域主要用於喀拉拉邦拉克沙群岛本地治里
母语使用人数
3570万
語系
文字馬拉雅拉姆文
官方地位
作为官方语言喀拉拉邦拉克沙群岛本地治里联邦属地
語言代碼
ISO 639-1ml
ISO 639-2mal
ISO 639-3mal
Glottologmala1464[1]

马拉雅拉姆语മലയാളംmalayāḷaṁ)是印度南部喀拉拉邦通行的語言,属于达罗毗荼语系,是印度22種官方语言之一,以此為母語者約有3,570萬人。「马拉雅拉姆」在马拉雅拉姆语裡的意思就是「」。

音系

元音

 
前元音 央元音 後元音 前元音 央元音 後元音
閉元音 /i/ ഇ i /ɨ̆/ * ŭ /u/ ഉ u /iː/ ഈ ī   /uː/ ഊ ū
中元音 /e/ എ e /ə/ * a /o/ ഒ o /eː/ ഏ ē   /oː/ ഓ ō
開元音   /a/ അ a     /aː/ ആ ā  

輔音

雙唇音 唇齒音 齒音 齒齦音 卷舌音 硬腭音 軟腭音 聲門音
塞音 不送氣 /p/ പ p /b/ ബ b /t̪/ ത t /d̪/ ദ d /t/ * t /ʈ/ /ɖ/ /t͡ʃ/ ച c /d͡ʒ/ ജ j /k/ ക k /ɡ/ ഗ g
送氣 /pʰ/ ഫ ph /bʱ/ ഭ bh /t̪ʰ/ ഥ th /d̪ʱ/ ധ dh /ʈʰ/ṭh /ɖʱ/ḍh /t͡ʃʰ/ ഛ ch /d͡ʒʱ/ ഝ jh /kʰ/ ഖ kh /ɡʱ/ ഘ gh
鼻音 /m/ മ m /n̪/ ന n /n/ ന * n /ɳ/ /ɲ/ ഞ ñ /ŋ/
近音 /ʋ/ വ v /ɻ/l /j/ യ y
流音 /r/r
擦音 /f/ ഫ* f /s̪/ സ s /ʂ/ /ɕ/ ശ ś /ɦ/ ഹ h
閃音 /ɾ/ ര r
邊音 /l/ ല l /ɭ/

延伸閱讀

  • Pillai, Anitha Devi. Singaporean Malayalam. Saarbrücken: VDM. 2010. ISBN 978-3-639-21333-1. 
  • Pillai, A.D. & Arumugam, P. (2017). From Kerala to Singapore: Voices of the Singapore Malayalee Community. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish International (Asia). Pte. Ltd. ISBN 9789814721837

參照

外部連結

  1. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). 马拉雅拉姆语. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016. 

Read other articles:

Rektor Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah JakartaPetahanaProf. Asep Saepudin Jahar, M.A., Ph.D.sejak 1 Maret 2023Menjabat selama4 TahunPemegang pertamaProf. Dr. H. Mahmoed Joenoes Daftar Rektor UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta adalah sebagai berikut: No. Rektor Mulai Menjabat Akhir Menjabat Keterangan 1 Prof. Dr. H.Mahmoed Joenoes 1 Juni 1957 1960 Dekan ADIA (Akademi Dinas Ilmu Agama) Jakarta 2 Prof. Mr.Sunario Sastrowardoyo 1960 1963 Rektor IAIN Al-Jami'ah Al-Islamiyah Al-Hukum...

 

 

العلاقات الأذربيجانية الموريشيوسية أذربيجان موريشيوس   أذربيجان   موريشيوس تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات الأذربيجانية الموريشيوسية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين أذربيجان وموريشيوس.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرج...

 

 

American judge James ThompsonChief Justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme CourtIn office1866–1872Preceded byGeorge W. WoodwardSucceeded byJohn M. ReadAssociate Justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme CourtIn office1857–1866Preceded byWalter H. LowrieSucceeded byGeorge SharswoodMember of the Pennsylvania House of RepresentativesIn office1855ConstituencyErie CountyIn office1832–1835Preceded byJohn GalbraithConstituencyVenango County and Warren CountyChair of the House Democratic CaucusIn officeM...

Peruvian football club Football clubAlianza UnicachiFull nameClub Deportivo Alianza UnicachiNickname(s)El azulado de Yunguyo, Los leones azules (The blue lion)Founded2010GroundEstadio Enrique Torres Bellon, PunoChairmanMiguel Pérez EusebioManagerGustavo Buena GonzálezLeagueCopa Perú2012Segunda Division Peruana 9th(Relegated) Home colours Away colours Alianza Unicachi is a Peruvian football club, playing in the city of Yunguyo, Puno, Peru. History Alianza Unicachi is the result of the fusio...

 

 

Voce principale: Genoa Cricket and Football Club. Genoa Cricket and Football ClubStagione 1912-1913Sport calcio Squadra Genoa Allenatore William Garbutt Presidente Luigi Aicardi Prima Categoria2º posto. Maggiori presenzeCampionato: Percy Walsingham (11) Miglior marcatoreCampionato: John Grant (20) 1911-1912 1913-1914 Si invita a seguire il modello di voce Questa voce raccoglie le informazioni riguardanti il Genoa Cricket and Football Club nelle competizioni ufficiali della stagione 191...

 

 

Relation between sides of a right triangle Pythagorean theoremTypeTheoremFieldEuclidean geometryStatementThe sum of the areas of the two squares on the legs (a and b) equals the area of the square on the hypotenuse (c).Symbolic statement a 2 + b 2 = c 2 {\displaystyle a^{2}+b^{2}=c^{2}} Generalizations Law of cosines Solid geometry Non-Euclidean geometry Differential geometry Consequences Pythagorean triple Reciprocal Pythagorean theorem Complex number Euclidean distance Pythagorean trigonome...

西維珍尼亞 美國联邦州State of West Virginia 州旗州徽綽號:豪华之州地图中高亮部分为西維珍尼亞坐标:37°10'N-40°40'N, 77°40'W-82°40'W国家 美國加入聯邦1863年6月20日(第35个加入联邦)首府(最大城市)查爾斯頓政府 • 州长(英语:List of Governors of {{{Name}}}]]) • 副州长(英语:List of lieutenant governors of {{{Name}}}]])吉姆·賈斯蒂斯(R)米奇·卡邁克爾(...

 

 

此条目序言章节没有充分总结全文内容要点。 (2019年3月21日)请考虑扩充序言,清晰概述条目所有重點。请在条目的讨论页讨论此问题。 哈萨克斯坦總統哈薩克總統旗現任Қасым-Жомарт Кемелұлы Тоқаев卡瑟姆若马尔特·托卡耶夫自2019年3月20日在任任期7年首任努尔苏丹·纳扎尔巴耶夫设立1990年4月24日(哈薩克蘇維埃社會主義共和國總統) 哈萨克斯坦 哈萨克斯坦政府...

 

 

French philosopher (born 1946) Jean-Luc MarionBorn (1946-07-03) 3 July 1946 (age 77)Meudon, Hauts-de-Seine, FranceEducationLycée CondorcetAlma materÉcole normale supérieureEra20th-/21st-century philosophyRegionWestern philosophySchoolContinental philosophyPhenomenologyPostmodernismCatholic theologyMain interestsPhilosophical theology, Phenomenology, DescartesNotable ideasAs much reduction, as much givenness, saturated phenomenon, the intentionality of love, counter-experience Jea...

American politician & lawyer (born 1962) For the former U.S. ambassador to Russia, see Michael McFaul. Michael McCaulChair of the House Foreign Affairs CommitteeIncumbentAssumed office January 3, 2023Preceded byGregory MeeksRanking Member of the House Foreign Affairs CommitteeIn officeJanuary 3, 2019 – January 3, 2023Preceded byEliot EngelSucceeded byGregory MeeksChair of the House Homeland Security CommitteeIn officeJanuary 3, 2013 – January 3, 2019Preceded byPe...

 

 

Este artículo o sección necesita referencias que aparezcan en una publicación acreditada. Busca fuentes: «Thorstein Veblen» – noticias · libros · académico · imágenesEste aviso fue puesto el 19 de agosto de 2021. Thorstein Bunde Veblen Información personalNacimiento 30 de julio de 1857Cato, Wisconsin, Estados UnidosFallecimiento 3 de agosto de 1929(72 años)Palo Alto, San Francisco, California, Estados UnidosNacionalidad EstadounidenseReligión Ateísmo E...

 

 

Place in Jerusalem, IsraelTarum תרוםTarumCoordinates: 31°46′58″N 34°58′56″E / 31.78278°N 34.98222°E / 31.78278; 34.98222CountryIsraelDistrictJerusalemCouncilMateh YehudaAffiliationHapoel HaMizrachiFounded1950Founded byYemenite JewsPopulation (2022)[1]966 Tarum (Hebrew: תָּרוּם, lit. 'Exalted') is a moshav in central Israel. Located to the north of Beit Shemesh with an area of 1,800 dunams, it falls under the jurisdictio...

The Stromquist moving-knives procedure is a procedure for envy-free cake-cutting among three players. It is named after Walter Stromquist who presented it in 1980.[1] This procedure was the first envy-free moving knife procedure devised for three players. It requires four knives but only two cuts, so each player receives a single connected piece. There is no natural generalization to more than three players which divides the cake without extra cuts. The resulting partition is not nece...

 

 

1972 North Korean parliamentary election ← 1967 12 December 1972 1977 → All 541 seats in the Supreme People's Assembly   First party   Leader Kim Il Sung Party Workers' Party Alliance Fatherland Front Seats won 127 Seat change 161 Premier before election Kim Il Sung Workers' Party Elected President Kim Il Sung Workers' Party Parliamentary elections were held in North Korea on 12 December 1972. Only one candidate was presented in each constituency, al...

 

 

Ini adalah nama Korea; marganya adalah Im. Im Se-miKonferensi pers Louis si Gila Belanja, 2017Lahir29 Mei 1987 (umur 37)Korea SelatanPendidikanUniversitas Wanita Dongduk - Penyiaran dan HiburanPekerjaanAktrisTahun aktif2004-sekarang Nama KoreaHangul임세미 Alih AksaraIm Se-miMcCune–ReischauerIm Se-mi Im Se-mi (lahir 29 Mei 1987) adalah aktris asal Korea Selatan.[1][2][3][4][5] Filmografi Serial televisi Tahun Judul Peran Jaringan 2005 Shar...

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (ديسمبر 2018) 1870 في فنلندامعلومات عامةجانب من جوانب فنلندا تصنيف:1871 في فنلندا تعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات سن...

 

 

Efesus 2Potongan surat Efesus 4:16-29 pada sisi recto Papirus 49, yang ditulis sekitar abad ke-3 M.KitabSurat EfesusKategoriSurat-surat PaulusBagian Alkitab KristenPerjanjian BaruUrutan dalamKitab Kristen10← pasal 1 pasal 3 → Efesus 2 (disingkat Ef 2) adalah pasal kedua Surat Paulus kepada Jemaat di Efesus dalam Perjanjian Baru di Alkitab Kristen.[1][2] Digubah oleh rasul Paulus.[3] Teks Surat aslinya diyakini ditulis dalam bahasa Yunani dan ditujukan kepad...

 

 

Nucleariid Nuclearia thermophila Klasifikasi ilmiah Domain: Eukarya (tanpa takson): Opisthokonta Ordo: Nucleariida Nucleariid adalah kelompok amoeba[1] dengan pseudopodia filosa, diketahui sebagian besar dari tanah dan air tawar. Mereka dibedakan dari vampyrellid yang tampak mirip terutama dengan memiliki mitokondria dengan krista discoid. Klasifikasi Studi molekuler menunjukkan bahwa nukleariid memiliki hubungan yang erat dengan fungi.[2][3] dan lebih jauh terkait de...

Сухопутные войска Чехиичеш. Pozemní síly Armády České republiky Эмблема сухопутных войск Чехии Годы существования с 1 января 1993 Страна  Чехия Входит в Армия Чешской Республики Тип вид вооружённых сил Функция сухопутные войска Численность 14700 человек Снаряжение см. ниже Знаки отлич...

 

 

Ice PalaceIce Palace in 2006.LocationCherepovets, RussiaOwnerCity of CherepovetsCapacityIce hockey: 6,000SurfacemultiConstructionBroke groundApril 8, 2005Built2005–07OpenedNovember 26, 2006Construction cost4,5 billion RUB (60 million Euro)ArchitectSkanskaTenants Severstal Cherepovets (KHL), from 2007) Almaz Cherepovets (MHL) Websitearena-che.ru The Ice Palace is a 6,000-seat multi-purpose arena in Cherepovets, Russia. It was opened in 2007. It replaced Sports-Concert Hall Almaz as...