馬拉雅拉姆文(馬拉雅拉姆語: മലയാളലിപി,Malayāḷalipi, 發音:[mɐləjaːɭɐ lɪβɪ] (ⓘ))是一種婆羅米系元音附標文字,通常用來書寫馬拉雅拉姆語,它是印度喀拉拉邦的主要語言,在世界上有3600萬人講這門語言[3]。孔卡尼語,實際上是兩門獨立語言(ISO 639-3: knn和gom)儘管相對罕見但也有時用它書寫[4]。這種文字也用來書寫一些次要語言如Paniya語、Betta Kurumba語和Ravula語。[5]在另一方面,馬拉雅拉姆語在歷史上用多種不同的文字書寫。即使今天它有時也用馬拉雅拉姆阿拉伯文書寫,主要用於新加坡和馬來西亞的穆斯林中。[1]
馬拉雅拉姆語最初用Vatteluttu文書寫,它是泰米爾語的古代文字。但是,現代馬拉雅拉姆文衍生自古蘭塔文,它最初用來書寫梵語。Vatteluttu文和Grantha文二者都獨立起源於婆羅米文。
現代馬拉雅拉姆文有13個元音字母,36個輔音字母和一些其他符號。下表中使用了ISO 15919羅馬化。
r̥, r̥̄, l̥, l̥̄ 用於書寫梵語詞。
Chandrakkala ് (ചന്ദ്രക്കല, candrakkala)是摒棄所跟隨輔音的固有元音的符號。這類被稱作怛達點畵的符號在印度文字中很常見,在印地語中叫做“訶蘭多”。
在詞尾,同樣的符號有時表示一個非常短的元音,叫做“half-u”或samvruthokaram(സംവൃതോകാരം, saṁvr̥tōkāram)。
下面是馬拉雅拉姆文數字和分數。
馬拉雅拉姆文的Unicode編碼範圍是U+0D00-U+0D7F。
العلاقات الإسرائيلية السلوفاكية إسرائيل سلوفاكيا إسرائيل سلوفاكيا تعديل مصدري - تعديل العلاقات الإسرائيلية السلوفاكية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين إسرائيل وسلوفاكيا.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتي
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