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阿萨姆语

阿萨姆语
অসমীয়া ôsômīyā
母语国家和地区印度孟加拉不丹
区域阿萨姆邦
母语使用人数
2千万
語系
印欧语系
官方地位
作为官方语言阿萨姆邦
語言代碼
ISO 639-1as
ISO 639-2asm
ISO 639-3asm
Glottologassa1263[1]

阿萨姆语阿薩姆語অসমীয়া羅馬化:Asamiya),舊譯亞沙語,属于印欧语系印度-伊朗语族印度-雅利安语支,非常接近孟加拉语。是印度东北部阿萨姆邦本土居民所使用的语言,也是该邦的官方语言。此语有超过2000万的使用者。

语法上,阿萨姆语受到了周围汉藏语系语言的影响,含有丰富的量词系统。這一特點是其他印度-雅利安语支的语言所沒有的。在數字系統方面,有別於世界大部份地區使用的阿拉伯數字,使用阿薩姆語的地區主要使用孟加拉數字英语Bengali numerals

由于受周围藏缅语言的影响,辅音中没有卷舌音,阿萨姆语把中古雅利安语词首的s变成x,又把元音之间的s变成h。例如xhur(家公),通俗梵语sasura,孟加拉语our。语法方面,阿萨姆语没有“性”的范畴。名词有 6个格,代词有4个格,每个格不止一个形式,此外还有敬体形式。阿萨姆语的文字和孟加拉文相似。並有以梵文天城体字母为基础的文字。

歷史

阿薩姆語起源於印度语,但其確切性質尚不清楚。[2]

音系

元音
 
/i/ i     /u/ u
中高         /ʊ/ û
/e/ e     /o/ o
中低 /ɛ/ ê     /ɔ/ ô
    /a/ a    
輔音
  唇音 齒齦音 軟腭音 聲門音
鼻音 /m/ m /n/ n /ŋ/ ng    
清塞音 /p/ p
/pʰ/ ph
/t/ t
/tʰ/ th
/k/ k
/kʰ/ kh
   
濁塞音 /b/ b
/bʰ/ bh
/d/ d
/dʰ/ dh
/ɡ/ g
/ɡʰ/ gh
   
清擦音     /s/ s /x/ x /h/ h
濁擦音     /z/ z        
近音 /w/ w /ɹ/ r
/l/ l
       

註釋

  1. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). 阿萨姆语. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016. 
  2. ^ "Axomiya has historically originated in Old Indo-Aryan dialects, but the exact nature of its origin and growth is not very clear as yet." (Goswami 2003,pp.394)

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