若开语

若開語
阿拉干語
ရခိုင်ဘာသာ
发音ɹəkʰàɪɴbàθà
母语国家和地区 緬甸
 孟加拉国
 印度
区域
族群若開人、瑪爾馬人（英语：Marma people）、卡曼人
母语使用人数
100萬 （2011–2013）[1]
緬甸：100萬人的第二語言 (2013)
語系
方言
瑪爾馬方言
文字緬文
Rakhawunna（歷史上）
語言代碼
ISO 639-3兩者之一：
rki – 若開語（「阿拉干語」）
rmz – 瑪爾馬語（「緬甸語」）
Glottologarak1255[2]

若開語（ရခိုင်ဘာသာ），又稱阿拉干語，是緬甸若開邦及鄰近的孟加拉國、印度使用的一種語言。這種語言與緬甸語之間存在非常緊密的聯繫，通常被認為是緬甸語的一種方言。「阿拉干」是若開邦的原名。

若開語可以被分為三種方言：實兌-瑪爾馬（英语：Marma people）方言、蘭里方言、丹兌方言。其中，實兌-瑪爾馬方言的使用者人數佔總人數的三分之二。[3]

古代文字

  • 瓦沙里时代公元327年至公元818年的若开语35个辅音。

(Ka Gyi)
(Kha Ngay)
(Ga Gwe)
(Kha Kyauk Shay)
(Ng)

(Sa Lone)
(Sa Lim)
(Za Gwe)
(Sith Myahain Swe)
(Nya)

(Tha Thi Cheik)
(Hta Wan Khwe)
(Tar Than Kauk)
(Dh Yi Hmot)
(Na Gyi)

(Ta Wan Tat)
(Ta Wan Si)
(Da Zwe)
(Dh Wan Yup)
(Na Ngay)

(Pa Oo Sauk)
(Fa Phauk Leik)
(Ba Lone)
(Ba Bone Yap)
(Ma)

(Ya)
(Ya Kauk)
(La)
(Wa)
(Tha)

(Sya)
(Sh)
(Ha)
(Ga Gyi)
(Ah)

註釋

  1. ^ 若開語（「阿拉干語」）于《民族语》的链接（第18版，2015年）
    瑪爾馬語（「緬甸語」）于《民族语》的链接（第18版，2015年）
  2. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). Arakanese–Marma. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016. 
  3. ^ Okell 1995，第3頁.

參考資料

  • Houghton, Bernard. The Arakanese Dialect of the Burman Language. The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland). 1897: 453–461. JSTOR 25207880. 
  • Okell, John. Three Burmese Dialects (PDF). Papers in Southeast Asian Linguistics. 1995, 13 [2019-10-27]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2018-12-24）. 
维基孵育场的維基百科語言試驗版：若开语試驗版

Read other articles:

Bühnsdorf

Bühnsdorf Lambang kebesaranLetak Bühnsdorf di Segeberg NegaraJermanNegara bagianSchleswig-HolsteinKreisSegeberg Municipal assoc.Trave-LandPemerintahan • MayorMarlies PielburgLuas • Total4,15 km2 (160 sq mi)Ketinggian53 m (174 ft)Populasi (2013-12-31)[1] • Total342 • Kepadatan0,82/km2 (2,1/sq mi)Zona waktuWET/WMPET (UTC+1/+2)Kode pos23845Kode area telepon04550Pelat kendaraanSESitus webwww.amt-trave-lan...

 

Billy Mitchell (volcano)

Billy Mitchell volcanoThe dark-colored caldera lake of Billy Mitchell is at right, above an ash plume originating from Bagana.Highest pointElevation1,544 m (5,066 ft)Isolation5 km (3.1 mi) Coordinates6°06′S 155°13′E / 6.100°S 155.217°E / -6.100; 155.217GeographyBilly Mitchell volcanoBougainville, Papua New Guinea Parent rangeEmperor RangeGeologyMountain typePyroclastic shieldVolcanic arc/beltBougainville & Solomon Is.Last erupt...

 

Kereta api Maharani

Kereta api MaharaniKereta api Maharani meninggalkan Stasiun Surabaya PasarturiInformasi umumJenis layananKereta api antarkotaStatusTidak BeroperasiDaerah operasiDaerah Operasi VIII SurabayaMulai beroperasi7 Februari 2014Terakhir beroperasi30 September 2021PenerusAirlanggaOperator saat iniKereta Api IndonesiaLintas pelayananStasiun awalSurabaya PasarturiJumlah pemberhentianLihatlah di bawah.Stasiun akhirSemarang PoncolJarak tempuh282 kmWaktu tempuh reratarata-rata 4-5 jamFrekuensi perjalananSe...

Collaborateurs de l'Encyclopédie

Les Encyclopédistes, par Louis Ducros. Paris, Honoré Champion, 1900[1]. Les collaborateurs de l'Encyclopédie sont les membres de la « société de gens de lettres » qui ont contribué à l'élaboration du Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers de juin 1751 à décembre 1765, sous la direction de Diderot et D’Alembert. Le présent article inclut explicitement les auteurs des planches et du frontispice qui font partie du même projet éditorial ; le...

 

I Tried

2007 single by Single by Bone Thugs-n-Harmony featuring Akon I TriedSingle by Bone Thugs-n-Harmony featuring Akonfrom the album Strength & Loyalty B-sideBump in the TrunkReleasedFebruary 12, 2007GenreHip hopR&BLength4:47LabelInterscopeFull SurfaceSongwriter(s)Anthony HendersonSteven HowseCharles ScruggsAliaune ThiamGiorgio TuinfortProducer(s)AkonBone Thugs-n-Harmony singles chronology Don't Stop / Fire(2006) I Tried (2007) Lil' L.O.V.E. (2007) Akon singles chronology Don't Mat...

 

List of World Women's Curling Champions

Main article: World Curling Championships The following is a list of the winners of the World Women's Curling Championships since the inception of the championships in 1979.[1] Medallists Women's world curling champions Year Gold Silver Bronze Country Team Country Team Country Team 1979  Switzerland Gaby CasanovaRosie MangerLinda ThommenBetty Bourquin  Sweden Birgitta TörnKatarina HultlingSusanne Gynning-ÖdlingGunilla Bergman  Canada Lindsay SparkesDawn KnowlesRobin ...

Faiyum Governorate

29°21′48″N 30°44′45″E / 29.36333°N 30.74583°E / 29.36333; 30.74583 Governorate of Egypt Governorate in EgyptFaiyum GovernorateGovernorateFaiyum Oasis FlagFaiyum Governorate on the map of EgyptCountry EgyptSeatFaiyum (capital)Government • GovernorEssam Saad Ibrahim Ahmed[1]Area[2] • Total6,068 km2 (2,343 sq mi)Population (2023)[3] • Total4,047,387 • Density670/km...

 

Continuous casting

Process for solidifying molten metal The macrostructure of continuously cast copper (99.95% pure), etched, ∅ ≈ 83 mm. This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (July 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Continuous casting, also called strand casting, is the process whereby molten metal is solidified into a semifinished billet, bloom, or ...

 

الصاحب بن عباد

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (يوليو 2023) الصاحب بن عباد   معلومات شخصية تاريخ الميلاد 945 الوفاة مارس 30, 995مدينة الري  مواطنة الدولة البويهية ...

Sporting Clube de Portugal

Cet article concerne la section football masculine du club. Pour les autres sections, voir Sporting Clube de Portugal (omnisports). Sporting CP Généralités Nom complet Sporting Clube de Portugal Surnoms Os Leões[1]Verdes e Brancos[2] Fondation 1er juillet 1906(118 ans, 1 mois et 29 jours) Couleurs Vert et blanc Stade Estádio José Alvalade XXI (50 095 places) Siège R. Francisco Stromp 1600 Lisbonne Championnat actuel Liga Portugal Betclic Président Frederi...

 

Лена (коммуна)

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Лена (значения). КоммунаЛенаLenax 46°17′57″ с. ш. 3°49′01″ в. д.HGЯO Страна  Франция Регион Овернь Департамент Алье Кантон Ле-Донжон Мэр Marie-Thérèse Tuloup(2008–2014) История и география Площадь 28,25 км² Высота центра 277–427 м Часов...

 

Distributism

Economic theory promoting local control Distributivism redirects here. For the algebraic concept, see Distributivity. This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages) This article possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (March 2021) (Learn how and when to remov...

Bundesstraße 180

Dieser Artikel beschreibt die Bundesstraße 180 in Deutschland. Zur gleichnamigen Straße in Österreich siehe Reschenstraße. Vorlage:Infobox hochrangige Straße/Wartung/DE-B Bundesstraße 180 in Deutschland Karte Verlauf der B 180 Alle Koordinaten: OSM | WikiMap Basisdaten Betreiber: Deutschland Bundesrepublik Deutschland Straßenbeginn: Egeln(51° 56′ 28″ N, 11° 24′ 26″ O51.9411411.40718) Straßenende: Frankenberg/Sa.(50° 54�...

 

Irish League 1991-1992

Irish League 1991-1992 Competizione Irish League Sport Calcio Edizione 91ª Organizzatore IFA Luogo  Irlanda del Nord Partecipanti 16 Cronologia della competizione 1990-91 1992-93 Manuale Il campionato era formato da sedici squadre e il Glentoran vinse il titolo. Non vi furono retrocessioni. Classifica finale Pos. Squadra G V N P GF GS Punti 1 Glentoran 30 24 5 1 78 26 77 2 Portadown 30 21 2 7 59 19 65 3 Linfield 30 17 9 4 58 23 60 4 Larne 30 16 7 7 54 31 55 5 Glenavon 30 16 4 10 54 36 ...

 

Rapid Vienne

Rapid Vienne Généralités Nom complet Sportklub Rapid Wien Surnoms Die Grün-Weißen (Les Verts et blancs), Die Grünen (Les Verts)[1],Rapidler[2] Noms précédents Sportclub Rapid (avant 1978) Fondation 8 janvier 1899 Couleurs Vert et blanc Stade Allianz Stadion (28 345 places) Siège Keißlergasse 6 1140 Vienne Championnat actuel Bundesliga Président Michael Krammer Entraîneur Robert Klauß Site web skrapid.at (de + en) Palmarès principal National[Note 1] Championn...

Nanna Aakjær

Danish carpenter and woodcarver Nanna Aarkjær (1902) Nielsine Juliane (Nanna) Aakjær née Krog (1874–1962)[1] was a Danish carpenter and woodcarver. She is remembered in particular for contributing to the design and interior decor of Jenle [da], the residence on the Salling Peninsula in northern Jutland where she lived with her husband Jeppe Aakjær following their marriage in 1907. Nanna Aakjær was also active in the Women's Suffrage Association, arranging meetings ...

 

Jean-François Marmontel

French historian and writer 1723–1799 Portrait by Alexander Roslin (1767) Jean-François Marmontel (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ fʁɑ̃swa maʁmɔ̃tɛl]; 11 July 1723 – 31 December 1799) was a French historian, writer and a member of the Encyclopédistes movement. Biography This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May ...

 

Bernau bei Berlin station

Railway station in Bernau bei Berlin Bernau bei BerlinBernau (b Berlin)BfGeneral informationLocationBernau bei Berlin, BrandenburgGermanyOwned byDeutsche BahnOperated byDB Station&ServiceLine(s) Berlin–Szczecin railway Train operatorsDB FernverkehrDB Regio NordostS-Bahn BerlinConnections Other informationStation code0571DS100 codeBBRNCategory3Fare zone: Berlin C/5158[1]Websitewww.bahnhof.deServices Preceding station DB Fernverkehr Following station Berlin Gesundbrunnentowards Os...

First transcontinental railroad

First U.S. railroad connecting the Pacific coast and Eastern states First transcontinental railroadThe ceremony for the driving of the Last Spike at Promontory Summit, Utah, May 10, 1869OverviewOther name(s)Pacific RailroadOwnerU.S. governmentLocaleUnited StatesTerminiCouncil Bluffs, Iowa(Omaha, Nebraska)Alameda Terminal, starting September 6, 1869; Oakland Long Wharf, starting November 8, 1869(San Francisco Bay)ServiceOperator(s)Central PacificUnion PacificHistoryOpenedMay 10, 1869;...

 

Cold Food Festival

Traditional East Asian festival Cold Food FestivalMount Mian in ShanxiAlso called寒食节 Hanshi Festival (China)Hansik (South Korea)Tết Hàn Thực (Vietnam)Observed byChinese, South Koreans, VietnameseTypeCulturalBegins105th day after December solstice (April 4 or April 5)Ends107th day after December solstice (April 6 or April 7)Date106th day after December solstice (April 5 or April 6)FrequencyAnnualRelated toTomb Sweeping Festival Cold Food FestivalChinese nameTraditional...