Seattle Construction and Drydock Company

WH Seward being launched at Moran Brothers Shipyard April 16, 1900

47°35′42″N 122°20′15″W / 47.594979°N 122.337502°W / 47.594979; -122.337502

The Seattle Construction and Drydock Company was a shipbuilding company based in Seattle, Washington. Between 1911 and 1918, it produced a substantial number of ships for both commercial and military uses. In the beginning of the 20th century, until its significance was diluted by the emergence of a number of shipyards during the World War I shipbuilding boom, it was the largest of its kind in Seattle and one of the few significant ship yards along the West Coast of the United States, second only to the Union Iron Works in San Francisco.

History

See also: List of structures on Elliott Bay

Formally established in 1911, the shipyard could trace its history back to 1882, when the Moran brothers operated a machine shop at Yesler's Wharf (47°36′04″N 122°20′16″W / 47.60110°N 122.337660°W / 47.60110; -122.337660) in the lower story of a new sawmill employing 8 to 10 men, built by John Anderson and owned by Anderson and Henry Yesler,[1] who is often regarded as the founder of the city of Seattle. At the end of the year 1882 they were constructing their own 24 by 40 feet two-story machine shop next to the Yesler mill.[2] In 1884 Moran Brothers built the machinery for William Moore's steamship Teaser.[3]

The Seattle Dry Dock & Shipbuilding Company was established in 1888, with Bailey Gatzert as president, Robert Moran as vice president and $75,000 in capital. It was located at the foot of Charles Street (47°35′42″N 122°20′15″W / 47.59498°N 122.3375°W / 47.59498; -122.3375,[4] all subsequent extensions of the yard were from foot of Charles street southward). Machinery was bought in New York during a visit by Robert Moran in the spring[5] and arrived late in 1888. Work on the dry dock was expected to be complete by April 1889.[6] Robert Moran was elected mayor of Seattle on 9 July 1888 and while his shop became a victim of the Great Seattle Fire of 6 June 1889, the business continued to expand and became the Moran Brothers Shipyard.

The Moran Brothers Co. was incorporated 19 December 1889 with a capital stock of $250,000 and no stock held outside the company. A newly built foundry on Charles street was employing 70 men in February 1890 (detailed description of the new plant:[7]). In 1902 there was a bonded debt of $500,000 first mortgage, 5% interest maturing from 1906 to 1912 and a stock of $1,000,000.[8]

On February 27, 1906, the Moran family left the business, the yard was sold for $2,000,000 to Bertron, Storrs and Griscom of New York, who also gained the right to the company name and the yard now operated as The Moran Company[9] and was bought by (unknown) on 30 December 1911 and became the Seattle Construction and Drydock Company.[10] J. V. Patterson was president of both companies during the 1906 to 1916 period.[11] A second mortgage ($1,000,000 10 year 6% bonds dated 1 January 1912) was taken and a new 10,000 ton dry dock planned. Naval constructor Holden A. Evans (also a book author) resigned from the navy to become new vice president of the company.[12]

In July 1916, William H. Todd made one of the first acquisitions for the corporation that would become a national enterprise later on by buying Seattle Construction and Drydock. Todd's business at that time consisted of facilities in New York harbor along the waterfront of Red Hook, Brooklyn and in Weehawken Cove, Hoboken. Planned modernizations in 1916 included the addition of 2 slipways to the existing 3 and a new 15,000 ton dry dock to augment the 3 in operation (the dry dock apparently was not actually built).[11] At the same time, Skinner & Eddy became a major shipbuilder in Seattle, their facilities built from the ground up starting in February 1916 directly adjacent to the Seattle Construction yard.[13] In 1918 Todd moved to the north end of Harbor Island to open a repair dock and Skinner & Eddy took control of both yards on the waterfront. The transfer took place on 11 May 1918, the price was $4,000,000. Skinner & Eddy were to pay the Emergency Fleet Corporation for the yard at a rate of $125,000 per completed ship.[14] The Seattle Construction and Dry Dock Company was henceforth called Skinner & Eddy Plant No. 2.

Skinner & Eddy invested approx. $1,000,000 to modernize the plant, but defaulted on their payments after having paid $514,441.40 and the EFC repossessed the yard on 22 March 1920. On 21 January 1924 shipways and removable equipment were sold to the Schnitzer and Wolf Machinery Co, of Portland, Oregon[a] for $226,255 and remaining "Balance of property owned" for $600,000 to the Port of Seattle on 31 December 1923. Three buildings remained "to be disposed of".[15] In the 1930s, the area between Dearborn and Connecticut Street was Seattle's largest[16] Hooverville.[17]

Todd's facilities on Harbor Island would then be expanded in the winter of 1940 / 1941 and become the "Seattle" in Seattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding Corporation.

Of the 6 steel shipyards active during that time in Puget Sound, Seattle Construction was the only one that had existed prior to the outbreak of World War I. J. F. Duthie & Company had built small boats before, but underwent a major expansion of its facilities in 1916.

The construction of USS Omaha (CL-4) was contracted for on 26 December 1916 and for Milwaukee and Cincinnati on 27 August 1917. All three of the ships were laid down after long delays by the Todd yard in Tacoma.[18]

Yard# Owner Name Type Contracted Launched[b] Delivered
Ships built by Moran Brothers (selection)
1 Navy Rowan
36 King County King County
41 Navy Nebraska battleship 7 Mar 01[19] 7 Oct 04 31 May 07
Ships built by The Moran Company (selection)
55 Navy F-3 submarine 5 Mar 09[20] 6 Jan 12 5 Aug 12
56 F-4 submarine
57 Puget Sound Navigation Company Kulshan
58 Sioux
59 Navy H-3 submarine 10 Aug 10[21] 3 Jul 13 16 Jan 14
62 K-4 submarine 31 May 11[21] 19 Mar 14 26 Oct 14
Ships built by the Seattle Construction and Dry Dock Company (selection)
68 Puget Sound Navigation Company Sol Duc
69 Chile / Canada Iquique submarine
70 Antofogasta
71 Puget Sound Navigation Company Potlatch
73 Tacoma
74 Comanche
78 Navy Bushnell (AS-2) submarine tender 30 Jun 13[22][23][24][25] 9 Feb 15
79 Arapaho (AT-14) oceangoing tug 20 Jun 14
80 Mohave (AT-15) 20 Jul 14 or 20 Jun 14
81 Tillamook (AT-16) 15 Aug 14
Seattle Constr. activities as part of the Todd Corporation (complete)
82 Navy N-1 submarine 19 Mar 15 [c][26] 30 Dec 16 26 Sep 17
83 N-2 16 Jan 17 26 Sep 17
84 N-3 21 Feb 17 26 Sep 17
85 New York & Cuba Mail Line[27][28][d] Cauto cargo 23 Sep 16 9 Dec 16
86 Panuco cargo 21 Oct 16 9 Jan 17
87 Navy Gwin destroyer 8 Mar 16[29] 20 Dec 17 18 Mar 20
88 Knut Knutsen, Norway Golden Gate cargo 14 Mar 17 10 May 17
89 Key West 11 Apr 17 16 Jun 17
90 Haakon Wallen Co., Norway Storviken 6 Jun 17 23 Jul 17
91 Edgar F. Luckenbach / Req.[e] Walter A. Luckenbach 10,500dwt cargo[30] 9 Feb 16[31] 15 Dec 17 31 May 18
92 Norwegian / Req.[e] Hull No. 92 7,500dwt cargo[30] 3 Apr 16[31] 21 Nov 17 28 Jan 18
93 Willy Gilbert / Req.[e] Southerland 11 Aug 16[31] 19 Jan 18 16 May 18
94 Bremerton 27 Mar 18 24 Apr 18
95 Vittorio Emanuelle III 24 May 18 27 Jun 18
96 Barber SS Co. / Req[e] 2 Oct 16[31] Transferred to and laid down in Tacoma
97–99, 101-103 Cunard Line / Req.[e] 14 Feb 17[31]
100 Navy Omaha cruiser 26 Dec 16
106 Milwaukee 27 Aug 17
107 Cincinnati
108 USSB Contract No. 13[f] Willimantic 7,500dwt cargo 6 Jun 17 29 May 18 Nov 18
109 Deranof 20 Jun 18 Dec 19
110 Delight 4 Jul 18[g] Sep 19
111 Gaffney[h] 25 Jul 18 Dec 19
  1. ^ Probably Schnitzer Steel
  2. ^ See List of ship launches in 1914 through 1918 for references
  3. ^ Contractor was the Electric Boat Company, New York. Date of subcontract unknown.
  4. ^ For some time these ships were in the hands of the USSB, but they were not "commandeered existing construction"
  5. ^ a b c d e Requisitioned by USSB
  6. ^ At least four ships of this contract were built by Seattle Construction,[32] the rest were laid down in the just completed Todd Tacoma yard, although they are also attributed to the Seattle Construction and Drydock Company in various sources. USSB hull numbers are oddly confusing wrt. yard numbers. Willimantic USSB #107 through Gaffney USSB #110
  7. ^ One of 95 ships launched nationwide on that day
  8. ^ attributed to both Seattle Constr. and (errorneously to) Skinner & Eddy, who did not buy the contract together with the yard

Clarence Bagley, in his History of Seattle from the earliest settlement to the present time, Volume 2, wrote:

The plant of the Moran company, together with that of the Seattle Dry Dock & Ship Building Company, which had been organized in 1887 and was under the control of the Morans, was at this time the most complete on the Pacific Coast, outside of San Francisco. It had grown to such immense proportions that even while the construction of its masterpiece, the (USS) Nebraska, was underway, other work was being handled in the same efficient manner as before the big contract had been secured. Some of the notable work turned out during the period was the building of the steel tugs Bahada and Wyadda, the lighthouse tender Heather and the rebuilding of the steamships Cutch and Willamette.[33]

. . .

When the Nebraska was finished and given her official trial trip in the waters of the Strait of Juan de Fuca, Captain Perkins, senior member of the trial board, pronounced her one of the best vessels in the United States navy. Notwithstanding bad weather, the ship fully met the requirements of the Government and proved that Seattle had a construction company capable of building the largest kind of ship. In March, 1906, the Moran Brothers Company was sold to Eastern capitalists, who reorganized the business under the name of The Moran Company, which, in 1912, became the Seattle Construction & Dry Dock Company. During the year 1911 the company began building the first of six submarine boats for the United States navy. About the same time five steel whalers were built for companies operating in the northern whaling waters, and in 1913 the $500,000 dry dock was completed. This dry dock was 468 feet long and 110 feet wide and the steamship Admiral Farragut was the first vessel to enter it for repairs.[33]

The company produced over 90 ships, including a substantial number of battleships and submarines for the United States Navy, submarines for the Royal Canadian Navy, as well as commercial oceangoing vessels. By 1917, the plant covered about 27 acres (110,000 m2) and employed about 1,500 men. In that year, it had six building slips up to 600 feet (180 m) long; two drydocks of 12,000 tons capacity each, one drydock of 3,000 tons capacity, and was equipped to take care of repairs of all kinds.[34] The company formally ceased operations in 1918, due in large part to the poaching of its skilled laborers by newly established competitors.[35] It ultimately was acquired by William H. Todd, who operated the company as a subsidiary of the Todd Pacific Shipyards Corporation, which had been founded in 1916 as the William H. Todd Corporation.[36] It became the "Seattle" in Seattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding Corporation and operated under that name during World War II as one of the biggest suppliers of escort carriers and destroyers for the United States Navy. Other companies operated by Todd included the Robins Dry Dock & Repair Company of Erie Basin, Brooklyn, New York, the Tietjen & Long Dry Dock Company of Hoboken, New Jersey.[36]

Notes

References

  1. ^ "Started Up". Seattle Daily Post-Intelligencer. 14 June 1882. p. 4.
  2. ^ "The Moran Brothers ..." Seattle Daily Post-Intelligencer. 9 December 1882. p. 4.
  3. ^ "Good For Home Industry". Seattle Daily Post-Intelligencer. 4 October 1884. p. 2.
  4. ^ Baist's Real Estate Surveys of Seattle, Plate 23, accessed July 14, 2022.
  5. ^ "Territorial news". Washington Standard. 11 May 1888. p. 2.
  6. ^ "The Marine Ways. Large Dry Dock Under Construction. Machinery Now on the Ground". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. 1 January 1889. p. 4.
  7. ^ "An Immense Foundry". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. 1 February 1890. p. 5.
  8. ^ Moodys manual of railroads and corporation securities (1902). p. 1553. hdl:2027/umn.31951002254819g.
  9. ^ Cases Decided in the Court of Claims of the United States. Vol. 61. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1926. p. 93.
  10. ^ "Plant,business and machinery". International Marine Engineering. February 1912. p. 77.
  11. ^ a b "Seattle Shipyard Under New Control". International Marine Engineering. September 1916.
  12. ^ "Seattle Construction & Docks Co". Commercial and Financial Chronicle. Vol. 94, no. 2433. 10 February 1912. p. 420.
  13. ^ The City of Seattle Harbor Department Map of Central Waterfront District February 1918
  14. ^ Hearings Before Select Committee on U.S. Shipping Board Operations, Part 1. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1920. pp. 145–146.
  15. ^ House. Select Committee of Inquiry into Operations, Policies, and Affairs of the United States Shipping Board and Emergency Fleet Corporation (1925). Exhibits 214 to 254. U.S. Government Printing Office.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  16. ^ "Map of Hoovervilles - Washington State".
  17. ^ "The Story of Hooverville in Seattle".
  18. ^ Ship's data US Navy Vessels. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1919.
  19. ^ Ship's Data U.S. Navy Vessels. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1919. p. 26.
  20. ^ Ship's Data U.S. Navy Vessels. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1919. p. 153.
  21. ^ a b Ship's Data U.S. Navy Vessels. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1919. p. 155.
  22. ^ Ship's data US Navy Vessels. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1919.
  23. ^ Ship's data US Navy Vessels. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1919.
  24. ^ Ship's data US Navy Vessels. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1919.
  25. ^ Ship's data US Navy Vessels. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1919.
  26. ^ Ship's data US Navy Vessels. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1919.
  27. ^ "Shipping Notes". Pacific Marine Review. January 1917. p. 80.
  28. ^ "West Coast Shipping Matters". Pacific Marine Review. February 1917. p. 80.
  29. ^ Ship's data US Navy Vessels. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1919.
  30. ^ a b United States-Norway Arbitration. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1922. p. 412.
  31. ^ a b c d e United States-Norway Arbitration. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1922. pp. 408–409.
  32. ^ Hearings Before Select Committee on U.S. Shipping Board Operations, Part 1. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1920. p. 233.
  33. ^ a b Clarence Bagley, History of Seattle from the earliest settlement to the present time, Volume 2 (1916), p. 609.
  34. ^ Welford Beaton, Frank Waterhouse & Company's Pacific ports (1917). p. 273.
  35. ^ Walter V. Woehlke, Union Labor in Peace and War (1918), p. 107.
  36. ^ a b "William H. Todd", The Rudder (1919), Vol. XXXV, p. 61.