開後不圓唇元音
開後不圓唇元音是母音的一種,用於一些語言當中,國際音標以⟨ɑ⟩代表此音,而X-SAMPA音標則以⟨A⟩代表此音。⟨ɑ⟩這符號又稱作「手寫體a」,因為它缺乏「印刷體a」(就是⟨a⟩)頂端所有之勾,而印刷體a在IPA中表開前不圓唇元音這個不同的發音。直線在右的「手寫體a」,不當和直線在左的「倒轉手寫體a」,也就是⟨ɒ⟩混淆,「倒轉手寫體a」表開後圓唇元音,亦與此音不同。
特徵
- 其元音舌位是後,表示舌頭的位置會盡可能地朝向口腔後部,但不至于阻礙氣流而被歸類為子音。
- 其圓唇度為不圓唇元音,嘴唇自然放鬆,不特別向前突起。
见于
參考資料
- ^ 21.0 21.1 Glossary. [10 February 2015]. (原始内容存档于2021-03-09).
- ^ Maddieson (1984) harv模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFMaddieson1984 (幫助), cited in Suomi, Toivanen & Ylitalo (2008:21頁) harv模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFSuomiToivanenYlitalo2008 (幫助)
- ^ Aronson, Howard, Georgian: A Reading Grammar 2nd, Columbus, OH: Slavica, 1990
- ^ Moosmüller, Schmid & Brandstätter (2015),第342–344頁. sfnp模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFMoosmüllerSchmidBrandstätter2015 (幫助)
- ^ Engstrand (1999),第141頁. sfnp模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFEngstrand1999 (幫助)
- ^ Phạm, Andrea Hòa, Ngôn ngữ biến đổi và số phận của nguyên âm /a/ trong giọng Quảng Nam (Issues in Language change and the phonemic status of /a/ in the Quang Nam dialect) (PDF), Tạp Chí Ngôn Ngữ (Journal of Vietnamese Linguistics), 2014, 6: 10–18 [2022-02-12], (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-08-06) (越南语)
- ^ Phạm, Andrea Hòa, Sự biến âm trong vần tiếng Việt: thổ ngữ làng Hến, huyện Đức Thọ, tỉnh Hà Tĩnh [Sound change in Vietnamese rhymes: the dialect of Hến Village of Đức Thọ District, Hà Tĩnh Province] (PDF), Tạp Chí Ngôn Ngữ Học (Journal of Vietnamese Linguistics), 2016, 11: 7–28 [2022-02-12], (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-08-06) (越南语)
參考書目
- Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Illustrations of the IPA:French, Journal of the International Phonetic Association 23 (2), 1993, 23 (2): 73–76
- Jones, Daniel; Dennis, The Phonetics of Russian, Cambridge University Press, 1969
- Shosted, Ryan K.; Vakhtang, Standard Georgian, Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36 (2), 2006, 36 (2): 255–264
- Thelwall, Robin, Illustrations of the IPA: Arabic, Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20 (2), 1990, 20 (2): 37–41
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肺部气流音
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當符號成對出現時,左邊的是清音,右邊的是濁音。陰影區域表示被認為是不可能的發音。
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