赫拉克勒斯环形山

赫拉克勒斯环形山
月球轨道器4号拍摄的图像
坐标46°49′N 39°13′E / 46.82°N 39.21°E / 46.82; 39.21
直径68.32公里
深度2.75公里
余经日出时322°
命名来源赫拉克勒斯

赫拉克勒斯环形山(Hercules)是月球正面北半部一座很醒目的撞击坑,就位于冷海东南,阿特拉斯陨石坑西面,约形成于32-11亿年前的爱拉托逊纪[1],十五世纪意大利耶稣会天主教神父天文学家乔瓦尼·巴蒂斯塔·里乔利古希腊神话中的半神英雄赫拉克勒斯命名了它,1935年该名称被国际天文学联合会正式接受。

描述

阿特拉斯环形山(右上)和赫拉克勒斯环形山(左下)
阿波罗16号拍摄的阿特拉斯环形山和赫拉克勒斯环形山斜视图

该陨坑坐落在山区地形中,东面靠近更大的阿特拉斯环形山、东南毗邻略小的奥斯特陨石坑刻普斯陨石坑富兰克林环形山,它的南面横亘着已损毁的威廉斯陨石坑[2]

该陨坑中心月面坐标46°49′N 39°13′E / 46.82°N 39.21°E / 46.82; 39.21,直径68.32公里[3],深约2.75公里[1]

赫拉克勒斯环形山外侧垒相对较小,边缘略呈波轮状,内侧壁显示有多重阶坡结构,其中北侧内壁有坍塌的痕迹,而沿南侧坑沿上则嵌入了较小的卫星坑赫拉克勒斯 E。它的坑壁最大高出周边地形1270米[1],壁顶与坑底落差3350米,内部容积约4115.12立方千米[1]。坑底表面已被玄武岩熔岩淹没,分布有数处低反照率区域,坑内中央峰也已被淹没,只剩下一座由含85-90%斜长石的辉长-苏长-橄长斜长岩(GNTA1)构成的小山丘突出在熔岩表面,中央丘的南面坐落了醒目的卫星坑赫拉克勒斯 G。

该陨坑以前被报告曾出现过一些月球瞬变现象

地球所看到的晨昏圈附近的阿特拉斯陨石坑和赫拉克勒斯环形山(图中)

卫星陨石坑

按惯例,最靠近赫拉克勒斯陨石坑的卫星坑将在月图上以字母标注在它的中心点旁边。

周边的卫星坑
赫拉克勒斯 纬度 经度 直径
B 47.8° N 36.6° E 9 公里
C 42.7° N 35.3° E 9 公里
D 44.8° N 39.7° E 8 公里
E 45.7° N 38.5° E 9 公里
F 50.3° N 41.7° E 14 公里
G 46.4° N 39.2° E 14 公里
H 51.2° N 40.9° E 7 公里
J 44.1° N 36.4° E 8 公里
K 44.2° N 36.9° E 7 公里
  • 卫星坑赫拉克勒斯 A于1982年被更名为克尔德什陨石坑
  • 卫星坑赫拉克勒斯 E外观类似卵形,坑底呈三角形状[4],这一不寻常的形态主要是低角度撞击所造成;
  • 卫星坑赫拉克勒斯 D、赫拉克勒斯 E及赫拉克勒斯 G已被月球和行星观测协会(ALPO)列入《带有明亮射纹系统的撞击坑列表》[5]
  • 卫星坑赫拉克勒斯 C、赫拉克勒斯 D及赫拉克勒斯 G已被月球和行星观测协会(ALPO)列入《内侧壁带有深色辐射纹的撞击坑列表》[6]

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