語序

语言类型学
按形态
按形态句法
按语序

語序（英語：word order）是一種文法上的詞彙的順序，任何語言都有主詞、受詞、動詞之分，因此就出現了語序和語法格的問題，多數的語言都有一種主要的語序，如漢語、英語等，但是有時不只有一種，像德語、荷蘭語等語言有次要的語序，另一方面，有些語言由於格變化相當地清楚因而語序相當地自由，像排灣語、拉丁語、芬蘭語等，德語在相當程度上也是如此，不過德語的語序並非完全地自由，動詞不能任意變換位置（主句第一個動詞（包括助動詞）固定在第二位，主句第二個動詞（包括助動詞）之後的動詞（包括助動詞）及子句的所有動詞放在最後），且德語除了陽性單數以外，其餘狀況的主賓格同形。許多語言同時具備格變化和特定的語序。

基本语序

主詞、受詞、動詞的排列方法一共有六種，以下以S代表主詞（主語）、V代表動詞（謂語）、O代表受詞（賓語），依照最常使用的語序到最少使用的排列：

某些日耳曼語言如德語和荷蘭語的情況比較複雜，例如在主句中只有一個動詞時其語序可視為SVO，但是在主句中同時有兩個以上的動詞或者是從句時則為SOV，關於這兩種語言的語法請參見動詞第二順位。

語序 數目 (2005) 百份比 (2005) 數目 (2013) 百份比 (2013)
SOV 497 40.5% 565 41.0%
SVO 435 35.4% 488 35.4%
VSO 85 6.9% 95 6.9%
VOS 26 2.1% 25 1.8%
OVS 9 0.7% 11 0.8%
OSV 4 0.3% 4 0.3%
非固定 172 14.0% 189 13.7%

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